scholarly journals Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir in the Treatment of Early Hepatitis C Virus Infection in HIV-Infected Men

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paari M Palaniswami ◽  
Ahmed El Sayed ◽  
Benjamin Asriel ◽  
Jesse R Carollo ◽  
Daniel S Fierer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Hcv Transmission ◽  
Chronic Hcv

Abstract Background Treatment of HIV-infected men during early hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with interferon results in a higher cure rate with a shorter duration of treatment than during chronic HCV infection. We recently demonstrated that this phenomenon applied to interferon-free treatment as well, curing most participants with short-course sofosbuvir and ribavirin. Due to the significantly higher potency of the ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) combination, we hypothesized that we would be more successful in curing early HCV infections using a shorter course of LDV/SOF than that used for treating chronic HCV infections. Methods We performed a prospective, open-label, consecutive case series study of 8 weeks of LDV/SOF in HIV-infected men with early genotype 1 HCV infection. The primary end point was aviremia at least 12 weeks after completion of treatment. Results We treated 25 HIV-infected men with early sexually acquired HCV infection with 8 weeks of LDV/SOF, and all 25 (100%) were cured. Twelve (48%) reported sexualized drug use with methamphetamine. Conclusions Eight weeks of LDV/SOF cured all 25 HIV-infected men with early HCV infection, including those who were actively using drugs. Based on these results, we recommend treatment of newly HCV-infected men during early infection, regardless of drug use, to both take advantage of this 8-week treatment and to decrease further HCV transmission among this group of men.

scholarly journals Clinical, Biochemical and Virological Profile of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection - A Study from University Hospital in Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Dipesh Gurubacharya ◽  
Mohan Khadka ◽  
Khadga B Shreshta ◽  
Prem Khadga ◽  
Sashi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Hcv Genotypes ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health challenge. It is a major cause for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Both the genotype and viral load of HCV determine the choice of therapy as well as outcome of therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical, biochemical and virological profile and association of HCV genotypes with viral load and liver biochemical profile.Material and Methods: This was descriptive observational study of chronic HCV infected patients who attended at the outpatient clinic of Department of Gastroenterology of TUTH, IOM from April 2013 to November 2014. During this study period 38 patients with chronic HCV infection were analyzed. Clinical profile, possible risk factors for transmission of HCV infection and liver biochemical profile were recorded. Virological profile included HCV viral load and HCV genotypes.Results: Out of 38 patients 34(89.5%) were male and 4(10.5%) were female. Injection drug use (IDU) was the most common mode for acquisition of HCV infection (55.3%). Genotype 3 was found in 21(55.26%) patients and genotype 1 was found in 17(44.74%) patients. There was no significant association between HCV genotypes and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level. And also there was no significant association between HCV viral load and different HCV genotypes.Conclusions: In our study HCV genotype 3 was the most prevalent genotype in patients with chronic HCV infection. Injection drug use was identified as most common identifiable risk factor for transmission of HCV infection. There was no significant association between different HCV genotypes and serum ALT, AST level and HCV viral load. Journal of Nobel College of Medicine Vol.4(1) 2015: 32-35

Shedding of Hepatitis C Virus Into the Rectum of HIV-infected Men Who Have Sex With Men

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L Foster ◽  
Michael M Gaisa ◽  
Rosanne M Hijdra ◽  
Samuel S Turner ◽  
Tristan J Morey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Public Health Campaign ◽  
Health Campaign ◽  
Bleeding Detection ◽  
Hcv Transmission ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Chronic Hcv

Abstract Background For over a decade we have known of an epidemic of sexually transmitted hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM), but there still remains significant controversy over which bodily fluid(s) are responsible for HCV transmission in these men. Methods We enrolled HIV-infected MSM with recent and chronic HCV infection and quantified HCV from rectal fluid obtained by blind swab. We compared the rectal HCV viral load (VL) with paired blood HCV VL. Results We found rectal HCV shedding in 20 (47%) of 43 men, only one (2%) of whom had visible bleeding. Detection of rectal HCV shedding was associated with blood VL > 5 log10 IU/mL (p = .01), and 85% with blood VL > 5 log10 IU/mL had rectal shedding. The HCV VL of the rectal fluid ranged from 2.6 to 5.5 log10 IU/mL. Based on the median rectal fluid VL, the surface of an average human penis would be exposed to at least 2,300 IU of HCV for the duration of anal intercourse. Conclusion This study provides the first direct evidence to our knowledge that a sufficient quantity of HCV is shed into the rectum in HIV-infected men with HCV infection to directly infect an inserted penis or be passed indirectly through fomite-like transmission to the rectum of sex partner. We must develop an appropriate public health campaign to educate MSM about these routes of HCV infection to reverse the HCV epidemic among HIV-infected MSM.

scholarly journals Single Clinical Practice's Report of Testing Initiation, Antibody Clearance, and Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in Infants of Chronically HCV-Infected Mothers

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aswine Bal ◽  
Anna Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hcv Transmission ◽  
Hcv Antibody ◽  
Perinatally Acquired ◽  
Hcv Screening ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Hcv Testing

Abstract Background.  Perinatally acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the main source of pediatric HCV infection. However, the best time for initiation of screening and follow up of these infants is still unknown. Analysis of the clinical data of infants born to HCV-infected mothers, transmission rates, and pathway of HCV testing could be important for optimization of their management. Methods.  Children of mothers with chronic HCV infection, who were observed between 1998 and 2013 at the pediatric infectious disease clinic for the first 18 months of their life, were eligible for enrollment. We analyzed the factors influencing initiation of HCV testing in these children and rate of HCV transmission as demonstrated by consecutive HCV antibody and HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) amplification testing. Results.  One hundred and forty-two mother-infant pairs were enrolled. The majority of mothers were intravenous drug users, had carried to term, and delivered vaginally. A high proportion of infants had at least 1 positive anti-HCV antibody assay without viremia. True HCV infection and intermittent viremia were recorded in 3.5% and 1.4% of infants, respectively. Initiation of HCV testing after 10 months of age was associated with a significant decline in the probability of obtaining a positive HCV antibody of maternal origin. Conclusions.  The low likelihood for detection and confirmation of true HCV transmission before 10 months of age could challenge the early initiation of HCV screening of infants exposed to maternal HCV infection but may affect the parental need for early monitoring and counseling.

Genetic polymorphisms as the predictors of response to antiviral treatment in chronic hepatitis C virus infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (22) ◽  
pp. 876-881
Author(s):  
Alajos Pár
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
Chronic Hcv

The review discusses the genetic polymorphisms involved in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, that may determine the outcome of disease. In this field earlier both certain major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles and some cytokine gene variants have also been studied. Recently, the genome-wide association study (GWAS) and targeted single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis have revealed that a variant in the promoter region of interleukin-28B (IL-28B) gene is strongly linked to viral clearance and it may be the strongest pretreatment predictor of treatment response in chronic hepatitis C. Last year it was shown that two genetic variants leading to inosine triphosphatase deficiency protect against haemolytic anemia in patients receiving ribavirin during antiviral treatment for chronic HCV infection. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 876–881.

Hepatitis C Virus Transmission in Hemodialysis Units Importance of Infection Control Practices and Aseptic Technique

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 900-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola D. Thompson ◽  
Ryan T. Novak ◽  
Deblina Datta ◽  
Susanne Cotter ◽  
Matthew J. Arduino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Aseptic Technique ◽  
Hcv Transmission ◽  
Intravenous Medication ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Transmission

We investigated 4 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection outbreaks at hemodialysis units to identify practices associated with transmission. Apparent failures to follow recommended infection control precautions resulted in patient-to-patient HCV transmission, through cross-contamination of the environment or intravenous medication vials. Fastidious attention to aseptic technique and infection control precautions are essential to prevent HCV transmission.

scholarly journals Proteasome Activator PA28γ-Dependent Nuclear Retention and Degradation of Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (19) ◽  
pp. 10237-10249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohji Moriishi ◽  
Tamaki Okabayashi ◽  
Kousuke Nakai ◽  
Kyoji Moriya ◽  
Kazuhiko Koike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Nuclear Retention ◽  
Proteasome Activator ◽  
Hcv Core Protein ◽  
Core Proteins ◽  
Chronic Hcv

ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein plays an important role in the formation of the viral nucleocapsid and a regulatory protein involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. In this study, we have identified proteasome activator PA28γ (11S regulator γ) as an HCV core binding protein by using yeast two-hybrid system. This interaction was demonstrated not only in cell culture but also in the livers of HCV core transgenic mice. These findings are extended to human HCV infection by the observation of this interaction in liver specimens from a patient with chronic HCV infection. Neither the interaction of HCV core protein with other PA28 subtypes nor that of PA28γ with other Flavivirus core proteins was detected. Deletion of the PA28γ-binding region from the HCV core protein or knockout of the PA28γ gene led to the export of the HCV core protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Overexpression of PA28γ enhanced the proteolysis of the HCV core protein. Thus, the nuclear retention and stability of the HCV core protein is regulated via a PA28γ-dependent pathway through which HCV pathogenesis may be exerted.

Direct-acting Antivirals for Hepatitis C Virus in Patients on Maintenance Dialysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 531-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Fabrizi ◽  
Francesca M. Donato ◽  
Piergiorgio Messa
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Severe Renal Impairment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Direct Acting Antivirals ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Maintenance Dialysis ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Direct Acting

The frequency of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains high in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and plays a detrimental role in mortality in this population. According to the latest survey, the adjusted hazard ratio for HCV-positive versus HCV-negative patients on long-term dialysis was 1.12 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.20) and 1.10 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.22) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. An impairment on quality of life has also been documented in HCV-infected patients undergoing regular dialysis. Most clinicians have been so far reluctant to treat hepatitis C in patients with advanced CKD, due to concerns regarding low efficacy and safety of interferon-based regimens. The advent of all-oral, direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has revolutionized treatment paradigms for HCV, including patients with other comorbidities such as CKD. Two combinations of DAAs have been recently approved for the treatment of HCV in advanced CKD: elbasvir/grazoprevir (evaluated in 1 randomized controlled trial) and ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir/dasabuvir with or without ribavirin (examined in some observational, single-arm studies). These antiviral combinations have provided high safety and efficacy (SVR12 rates >90%) in HCV-infected patients with stage 4–5 CKD. Sofosbuvir, a nucleotide analogue inhibitor of the HCV NS5B polymerase, is the cornerstone of most anti-HCV current regimens but is not currently recommended for patients with severe renal insufficiency (eGFR <30 mL/min per 1.73 m2). However, several small-sized studies have been published on the safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir-based regimens for patients with hepatitis C on maintenance dialysis>; overall, the viral response was satisfactory (SVR12 rates ranging between 58% and 100%) with a few drug-related drop-outs. Studies are in progress to assess whether ribavirin-free antiviral combinations with novel DAAs are a viable option for patients with severe renal impairment and chronic HCV infection.

Hepatitis C virus and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas: an Italian multicenter case-control study

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 996-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Mele ◽  
Alessandro Pulsoni ◽  
Elvira Bianco ◽  
Pellegrino Musto ◽  
Andrè Szklo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Control Study

Abstract The existence of an association between infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) remains controversial, largely because previous studies were based on prevalent case series or comparisons with less than optimal control groups. This hospital-based case-control study was conducted from January 1998 through February 2001 to evaluate the association between HCV infection and B-NHL of different types. Cases were consecutive patients with a new diagnosis of B-NHL; controls were patients from other departments of the same hospitals. Both groups were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. The prevalence of HCV infection was calculated by histologic type of B-NHL and clinical behavior (indolent or aggressive). Adjusted odds ratio (OR) and HCV-attributable risk (AR) were estimated. HCV prevalence was 17.5% among the 400 lymphoma patients and 5.6% among the 396 controls. The OR of B-NHL (patients vs controls), adjusted by age, sex, level of education, and place of birth, was 3.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-5.2); an OR indicative of positive association was found for indolent and aggressive B-NHL. The estimated AR was 4.6%. This study confirms an association between HCV and B-NHL. In Italy, 1 of 20 instances of B-NHL may be attributable to HCV infection and may, thus, benefit from antiviral treatment.

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