scholarly journals Invasive Aspergillus Sinusitis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Case Report and Review of the Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Humphrey ◽  
Thomas J. Walsh ◽  
Roy M. Gulick
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immunologic Factors ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency ◽  
Orbital Invasion ◽  
Overall Mortality

Abstract Invasive Aspergillus (IA) sinusitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals, but it is uncommon in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To gain a better understanding of the characteristics of IA sinusitis in this population, we present a unique case of chronic IA sinusitis in an HIV-infected patient taking antiretroviral therapy and review the literature summarizing published cases of invasive aspergillosis of the paranasal (n = 41) and mastoid (n = 17) sinuses in HIV-infected individuals. Among these cases, only 4 were reported after 1999, and 98% of patients had acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Orbital invasion occurred in 54% of paranasal sinus cases, whereas intracranial invasion was reported in 53% of mastoid sinus cases. The overall mortality was 79%. We also discuss various clinical and immunologic factors that may play a role in the development of IA and consider the changing epidemiology of aspergillosis in the era of effective antiretroviral therapy.

scholarly journals Metabolic abnormalities and overweight in HIV/AIDS persons-treated with antiretroviral therapy

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luísa Helena Maia Leite ◽  
Ana Beatriz de Mattos Marinho Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency

OBJECTIVE: To describe the proportion of overweight among patients with human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and correlate overweight and highly active antiretroviral therapy with metabolic complications. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome outpatients undergoing nutritional therapy from 2000 to 2006 in a University Health Center. The sample consisted of 393 human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome patients. Nutritional and medical records were used as a source of data on personal, clinical and biochemical information. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test. RESULTS: Sixty-nine percent of the patients were males aging from 26 to 49 years. Overweight and obesity were identified in 49% of this population. The most important metabolic complications were low levels of high-density lipoprotein (70%) and high levels of triglycerides (48%) and cholesterol (40%). Higher body mass index was associated with higher lipid levels and more evidence of insulin resistance. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated an important proportion of overweight and obesity among human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome patients. These results suggest that nutritional interventions and lifestyle modifications may be useful strategies to decrease the cardiovascular risk in this population.

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