scholarly journals A Survey and Analysis of the American Public's Perceptions and Knowledge About Antibiotic Resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca R. Carter ◽  
Jiayang Sun ◽  
Robin L. P. Jump
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
The Body ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Bacterial Adaptation ◽  
Antibiotic Overuse

Abstract Background.  Little is known about the American public's perceptions or knowledge about antibiotic-resistant bacteria or antibiotic misuse. We hypothesized that although many people recognize antibiotic resistance as a problem, they may not understand the relationship between antibiotic consumption and selection of resistant bacteria. Methods.  We developed and tested a survey asking respondents about their perceptions and knowledge regarding appropriate antibiotic use. Respondents were recruited with the Amazon Mechanical Turk crowdsourcing platform. The survey, carefully designed to assess a crowd-sourced population, asked respondents to explain “antibiotic resistance” in their own words. Subsequent questions were multiple choice. Results.  Of 215 respondents, the vast majority agreed that inappropriate antibiotic use contributes to antibiotic resistance (92%), whereas a notable proportion (70%) responded neutrally or disagreed with the statement that antibiotic resistance is a problem. Over 40% of respondents indicated that antibiotics were the best choice to treat a fever or a runny nose and sore throat. Major themes from the free-text responses included that antibiotic resistance develops by bacteria, or by the infection, or the body (ie, an immune response). Minor themes included antibiotic overuse and antibiotic resistance caused by bacterial adaptation or an immune response. Conclusions.  Our findings indicate that the public is aware that antibiotic misuse contributes to antibiotic resistance, but many do not consider it to be an important problem. The free-text responses suggest specific educational targets, including the difference between an immune response and bacterial adaptation, to increase awareness and understanding of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Antibody-mediated cross-linking of gut bacteria hinders the spread of antibiotic resistance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Bansept ◽  
Loïc Marrec ◽  
Bitbol Anne-Florence ◽  
Claude Loverdo
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Multiscale Model ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cost Of Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacterial Strain

AbstractThe body is home to a diverse microbiota, mainly in the gut. Resistant bacteria are selected for by antibiotic treatments, and once resistance becomes widespread in a population of hosts, antibiotics become useless. Here, we develop a multiscale model of the interaction between antibiotic use and resistance spread in a host population, focusing on an important aspect of within-host immunity. Antibodies secreted in the gut enchain bacteria upon division, yielding clonal clusters of bacteria. We demonstrate that immunity-driven bacteria clustering can hinder the spread of a novel resistant bacterial strain in a host population. We quantify this effect both in the case where resistance pre-exists and in the case where acquiring a new resistance mutation is necessary for the bacteria to spread. We further show that the reduction of spread by clustering can be countered when immune hosts are silent carriers, and are less likely to get treated, and/or have more contacts. We demonstrate the robustness of our findings to including stochastic within-host bacterial growth, a fitness cost of resistance, and its compensation. Our results highlight the importance of interactions between immunity and the spread of antibiotic resistance, and argue in the favor of vaccine-based strategies to combat antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Antibiotics stewardship in Ghana: a cross-sectional study of public knowledge, attitudes, and practices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Jimah ◽  
Ama P. Fenny ◽  
Oladele Ogunseitan
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Individual Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance is a major contributing factor to global morbidity and mortality and is associated with inappropriate medication use. However, the level of antibiotic consumption and knowledge about antibiotic resistance in Ghana is inadequately quantified. Our study identifies strategies for improved stewardship of antibiotics to prevent the proliferation of resistant pathogens by assessing the level of antibiotic knowledge, attitudes, and consumption behaviors by region, gender, age, and education in rural and urban Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 communities in the urban Greater Accra and rural Upper West regions of Ghana. A questionnaire survey was administered to 400 individuals aged 18 years and older in selected locations during September-October 2018 to gather data on individual knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate the association between demographic characteristics and knowledge, attitudes, and related behaviors. Results Over 30% (125/400) had not received a doctor’s prescription during their last illness. Seventy percent (278/400) had taken at least one antibiotic in the year prior to the survey. The top five frequently used antibiotics were Amoxicillin , Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid , Ampicillin , Ciprofloxacin , and Metronidazole . Women and older adults had higher knowledge compared to their respective counterparts (p<0.01). Furthermore, prudent antibiotic use was significantly more prevalent in women than men (p<0.05). Although no regional differences were found in overall knowledge, compared to urban residents, individuals residing in rural settings exhibited higher knowledge about the ineffectiveness of antibiotics for viruses like the cold and HIV/AIDS (p<0.001). Two hundred and fifty-two (63%) respondents were unaware of antibiotic resistance. There was generally a low level of self-efficacy among participants regarding their role in preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics. Conclusion Antibiotic knowledge, attitudes, and use varied significantly across demographics, suggesting a context-specific approach to developing effective community interventions.

Treatment protocol and effectiveness of cosmeceuticals in aesthetic practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-153
Author(s):  
Lucy Millar-Hume
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biological Effect ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
The Body ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Aesthetic Practice ◽  
Oral Isotretinoin

Pharmaceuticals are essentially drug products containing active ingredients that prevent, mitigate, treat disease and/or affect the anatomy or physiological functions of the body. Cosmeceuticals is a term blending the meaning and action of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, resulting in a product that cannot exert a biological effect on cells, but can nonetheless improve the quality and condition of the skin. Traditional medical methods of treating acne centre around antibiotic use and oral isotretinoin. Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem, and it means aesthetic practitioners must find alternatives. Attention is turning to cosmeceuticals as a solution, but this raises the question of the level of evidence for their growing use.

scholarly journals 2049. Trends in Antibiotic Use and Antibiotic Resistance among Veterans Affairs Community Living Centers from 2011 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S690-S691
Author(s):  
Haley Appaneal ◽  
Aisling Caffrey ◽  
Stephanie Hughes ◽  
Vrishali Lopes ◽  
Robin L Jump ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Overuse ◽  
Community Living Centers ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance is a global public health crisis, with antibiotic overuse contributing to selection pressure, and thus driving antibiotic resistance. Strategies to reduce antibiotic overuse may slow the development of resistance, but large-scale studies assessing trends in antibiotic use and resistance among nursing homes at the national level are limited. We describe trends in antibiotic use and resistance nationally among Veterans Affairs (VA) Community Living Centers (CLCs). Methods We assessed antibiotic use and microbiological cultures among VA CLC residents from 2011 to 2017. Antibiotics were grouped into eight drug classes and annual days of antibiotic therapy per 1,000 bed-days were calculated. Facility-weighted annual antibiotic resistance rates were calculated. Joinpoint Software was used for regression analyses of trends over time and to estimate annual average percent changes (AAPC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Over 7 years and among 146 CLCs, several significant trends in decreasing antibiotic use and corresponding reductions in resistance were identified. Fluoroquinolone use decreased by 9.9% annually (95% CI −11.6 to −8.2%) and fluoroquinolone resistance decreased by 2.3% per year for Escherichia coli, 5.1% for Klebsiella spp., 1.8% for Proteus mirabilis, 4.9% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 12.6% for Enterobacter spp., and 3.2% for Enterococcus spp. Anti-pseudomonal penicillin use decreased by 6.6% annually (95% CI −10.6 to −2.4%) and anti-pseudomonal penicillin resistance rates decreased each year by 7.9% for Escherichia coli, 8.9% for Klebsiella spp., 15.2% for Proteus mirabilis and 4.2% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Anti-staphylococcal penicillin use decreased by 5.4% annually (95% CI −10.0 to −0.5%) and resistance in Staphylococcus aureus decreased 1.7% per year. Conclusion Nationally among VA CLCs, we observed significant reductions in the use of several classes of antibiotics with corresponding reductions in antibiotic resistance, including an impressive decline in fluoroquinolone use and corresponding decreases in fluoroquinolone resistance among six organisms. Future research should assess whether reductions in antibiotic use predict later reductions in antibiotic resistance and improvements in resident outcomes. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antibiotic usage in swine reproduction farms in Umbria region based on the quantitative analysis of antimicrobial consumption

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausto Scoppetta ◽  
Marco Sensi ◽  
Maria Pia Franciosini ◽  
Marinella Capuccella
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Defined Daily Doses ◽  
Umbria Region ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Critical Aspects

Antibiotic use in food-producing animals has considerable impact on public health, especially with respect to the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. Pigs represent one of the main species in which antibiotics are frequently used for different purposes. Surveillance of antibiotic consumption and dose appropriateness, through novel approaches based on defined daily doses, is strongly needed to assess farms’ antibiotic risk, in terms of spread of antibiotic resistance and possibile presence of residues in meat. In this study, antibiotic consumption was monitored in 14 swine reproduction farms, together with managerial, structural, and health aspects. Most of the controlled farms (65%) were classified as at medium antibiotic risk, 21% at high antibiotic risk, and 14% at low antibiotic risk. Critical aspects of antibiotic administration concerned treatments for suckling and weaner piglets, oral antibiotic administration, treatment and diagnosis of gastroenteric infections, and use of critically important antimicrobials for human medicine, especially colistin. These aspects could be considered critical aspects of antibiotic use in from-farrow-to-wean/finish swine farms in the Umbria region and must be controlled to minimize risks. Even though a small number of farms in Umbria region are at high antibiotic risk, the risk of antibiotic resistance should be minimized, and management and biosecurity of the farms should be improved by extending the use of antimicrobial susceptibility tests and optimizing the diagnostic methods for infectious diseases. Furthermore, farmers’ and veterinarians’ knowledge of antibiotic resistance should be improved and the prudent use of antibiotics encouraged to prevent the development and spread of resistant microorganisms.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic Activities and the Problem of Antibiotic Resistance in Latin America: A Water Issue

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2693
Author(s):  
Delfina C. Domínguez ◽  
Luz María Chacón ◽  
D’Janique Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Water Ecosystems

Antibiotics revolutionized modern medicine and have been an excellent tool to fight infections. However, their overuse and misuse in different human activities such as health care, food production and agriculture has resulted in a global antimicrobial resistance crisis. Some regions such as Latin America present a more complex scenario because of the lack of resources, systematic studies and legislation to control the use of antimicrobials, thus increasing the spread of antibiotic resistance. This review aims to summarize the state of environmental antibiotic resistance in Latin America, focusing on water resources. Three databases were searched to identify publications on antimicrobial resistance and anthropogenic activities in relation to natural and artificial water ecosystems. We found that antibiotic resistant bacteria, mainly against beta lactam antibiotics, have been reported in several Latin American countries, and that resistant bacteria as well as resistant genes can be isolated from a wide variety of aquatic environments, including drinking, surface, irrigation, sea and wastewater. It is urgent to establish policies and regulations for antibiotic use to prevent the increase of multi-drug resistant microorganisms in the environment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Knowledge and Risk Perception about Antibiotic Resistance in Biology and Mathematics Young Students in Nîmes University in France

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9692
Author(s):  
Valentin Duvauchelle ◽  
Elsa Causse ◽  
Julien Michon ◽  
Patrick Rateau ◽  
Karine Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Resistance Risk ◽  
Similar Survey ◽  
Young Students ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Health Organization

In response to the antimicrobial resistance issue, the World Health Organization developed and conducted a survey in 2015 dealing with habits, antibiotic use, awareness of appropriate use and sensitization to the issue of antibacterial resistance. In France, we conducted a similar survey to investigate the use of antibiotics and students’ perceptions of the antibiotic resistance risk. Our results indicated that antibiotics are moderately taken (42% in the last six months), but mistakes remain in appropriate practices and knowledge. Many people still believe that the body develops resistance to antibiotics and 24% responded that antibiotics can be stopped before the end of the treatment if they feel better. Furthermore, only 14% said antibiotics could be used to treat gonorrhea while 57% indicated that influenza could be treated with antibiotics. We looked at risk perception as well, and noticed that students in biology were more aware of risk (mean score = 48.87) and health consequences (mean score = 40.33) than mathematics students (mean score = 44.11 and 37.44). They were more aware of the threat, had a better understanding of antibiotic resistance and their denial of this risk was less significant (mean score = 27.04 against 23.81). However, the importance of providing a minimum level of knowledge to young students has been emphasized, regardless of the field of expertise.

scholarly journals Hospital use of antibiotics as the main driver of infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria – a reanalysis of recent data from the European Union

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias M. Fischer ◽  
Matthias Bild
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Hospital Sector ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Resistance Rates

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance in bacteria causes significant morbidity worldwide. The development and acquisition of resistance to antibiotics is believed to primarily develop under the selective pressure of widespread antibiotic use in humans, however antimicrobial usage in livestock has been proposed as additional, if not principal, driver of antibiotic resistance. In this work, we correlate recent data from the European Union on antibiotic resistance rates with data on antibiotic usage in the primary care and hospital sector and data on veterinary antimicrobial consumption across the individual member states. We quantify the strength of these different potential drivers of antimicrobial resistance in order to compare their biological importance. We found that the correlation between antibiotic use in the hospital sector and antibiotic resistance rates is significantly higher than the correlation between resistance rates and any of the other two predictors. This suggests increased antibiotic use in hospitals as the main driver of the development of antibiotic resistances and necessitates further research on and a re-evaluation of the risks associated with antibiotic use in human and veterinary medicine.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Use and Antibiotic Resistance: Public Awareness Survey in the Republic of Cyprus

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
Mikaela Michaelidou ◽  
Spyridon A. Karageorgos ◽  
Constantinos Tsioutis
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Local Evidence

We aimed to assess the knowledge and understanding of antibiotic use and resistance in the general population of Cyprus, in order to inform future antibiotic awareness campaigns with local evidence. Cross-sectional survey following the methodology of the “Antibiotic resistance: Multi-country public awareness survey” of the World Health Organization, during December 2019–January 2020. A total of 614 respondents participated: 64.3% were female and most were aged 35–44 years (33.2%) or 25–34 years (31.8%). One-third had used antibiotics >1 year ago and 91.6% reported receiving advice on appropriate use from a medical professional. Despite high awareness on correct use of antibiotics, lack of knowledge was noted for specific indications, where approximately one-third believed that viral infections respond to antibiotics and 70.7% lack understanding of how antibiotic resistance develops. Higher education graduates exhibited significantly higher knowledge rates. As high as 72.3% were informed about “antibiotic resistant bacteria” from healthcare professionals or social media. Most agreed on the usefulness of most suggested actions to address antibiotic resistance, with higher proportions acknowledging the role of prescribers. Up to 47% could not identify their role in decreasing antibiotic resistance. Our study provides local evidence to inform future efforts in a country characterized by high antibiotic consumption rates.

scholarly journals Knowledge, beliefs and practices on antibiotic use and resistance among a group of trainee nurses in Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathanki Jayaweerasingham ◽  
Sacheera Angulmaduwa ◽  
Veranja Liyanapathirana
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Student Nurses ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objectives Nurses are the main communication link for healthcare messages to hospitalized patients and also play a crucial role in preventing the emergence and spread antibiotic resistant bacteria through antibiotic stewardship and infection control programmes. This requires them to possess correct knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use and resistance. This study was carried out to identify the level of knowledge, attitude and practices on antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance among student nurses. Results A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a pre-validated, self-administered questionnaire with closed and open ended questions, among 199 student nurses at a government nurses training school in Sri Lanka. Scores and proportions were analysed with non-parametric methods and thematic analysis was done for the qualitative data. The study cohort had a mean knowledge score of 71.9% (SD 14). However, close to 40% believed that taking antibiotics will help to prevent cold from worsening and make recovery faster. Infection control was identified as the main method that nurses can engage in preventing antibiotic resistance. While the knowledge among our study cohort appeared to be good, some misbeliefs were present. Our findings can be used in developing the nursing curricula on antibiotic use and resistance.

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