scholarly journals Incidence of Medically Attended Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Influenza Illnesses in Children 6–59 Months Old During Four Seasons

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa D. Simpson ◽  
Burney A. Kieke ◽  
Maria E. Sundaram ◽  
David L. McClure ◽  
Jennifer K. Meece ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Virus Incidence ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background.  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza are significant causes of seasonal respiratory illness in children. The incidence of influenza and RSV hospitalization is well documented, but the incidence of medically attended, laboratory-confirmed illness has not been assessed in a well defined community cohort. Methods.  Children aged 6–59 months with medically attended acute respiratory illness were prospectively enrolled during the 2006–2007 through 2009–2010 influenza seasons in a Wisconsin community cohort. Nasal swabs were tested for RSV and influenza by multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The population incidence of medically attended RSV and influenza was estimated separately and standardized to weeks 40 through 18 of each season. Results.  The cohort included 2800–3073 children each season. There were 2384 children enrolled with acute respiratory illness; 627 (26%) were positive for RSV and 314 (13%) for influenza. The mean age was 28 months (standard deviation [SD] = 15) for RSV-positive and 38 months (SD = 16) for influenza-positive children. Seasonal incidence (cases per 10 000) was 1718 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1602–1843) for RSV and 768 (95% CI, 696–848) for influenza. Respiratory syncytial virus incidence was highest among children 6–11 (2927) and 12–23 months old (2377). Influenza incidence was highest (850) in children 24–59 months old. The incidence of RSV was higher than influenza across all seasons and age groups. Conclusions.  The incidence of medically attended RSV was highest in children 6–23 months old, and it was consistently higher than influenza. The burden of RSV remains high throughout the first 2 years of life.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of an ON1 Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Strain Isolated in Lebanon in 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. e00316-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amani Ezzeddine ◽  
Nadia Soudani ◽  
Chun Kiat Lee ◽  
Ghassan Dbaibo ◽  
Husni Elbahesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACT We report here the complete genome sequence of a human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) strain obtained from an infant who presented to the emergency room with an acute respiratory illness during the 2014/2015 HRSV season in Lebanon. Analysis revealed that this virus belongs to the ON1 genotype that has recently emerged worldwide.

scholarly journals Accuracy of diagnostic tests for respiratory syncytial virus infection within a paediatric hospital population in Kilifi County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Marshal M. Mweu ◽  
Nickson Murunga ◽  
Juliet W. Otieno ◽  
D. James Nokes
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Hospital Population ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced lower respiratory tract disease is a prominent cause of hospitalisation among children aged <5 years in developing countries. Accurate and rapid diagnostic tests are central to informing effective patient management and surveillance efforts geared towards quantifying RSV disease burden. This study sought to estimate the sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) (along with the associated factors) and predictive values of a direct immunofluorescence test (IFAT), and two real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assays for RSV infection within a paediatric hospital population: a multiplex rRT-PCR (MPX) and Fast-Track Diagnostics® (FTD) Respiratory Pathogens 33 (Resp-33) rRT-PCR. Methods: The study enlisted 1458 paediatrics aged ≤59 months admitted with acute respiratory illness at the Kilifi County Hospital between August 2011 and December 2013. A Bayesian latent class modelling framework was employed to infer the tests’ estimates based on the patients’ diagnostic data from the three tests. Results: The tests posted statistically similar Se estimates: IFAT (93.7%, [90.7; 95.0]), FTD (97.8%, [94.6; 99.4]) and MPX (97.5%, [94.2; 99.3]). As for Sp, FTD registered a lower estimate (97.4%, [96.2; 98.2]) than MPX (99.7%, [99.0; 100.0]) but similar to IFAT (99.0%, [98.2; 99.6]). The negative and positive predictive values were strong (>91%) and closely mimicked the pattern given by the Se and Sp values respectively. None of the examined covariates (age, sex and pneumonia status) significantly influenced the accuracy of the tests. Conclusions: The evaluation found little to choose between the three diagnostic tests. Nonetheless, with its relative affordability, the conventional IFAT continues to hold promise for use in patient care and surveillance activities for RSV infection within settings where children are hospitalised with severe acute respiratory illness.

scholarly journals Integrating epidemiological and genetic data with different sampling intensities into a dynamic model of respiratory syncytial virus transmission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivy K. Kombe ◽  
Charles N. Agoti ◽  
Patrick K. Munywoki ◽  
D. James Nokes ◽  
Graham F. Medley
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing Data ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Individual

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for a significant burden of acute respiratory illness in children under 5 years old. Prior to rolling out any vaccination program, identification of the source of infant infections could further guide vaccination strategies.MethodsWe extended a dynamic model calibrated at the individual host level initially fit to social-temporal data on shedding patterns to include whole genome sequencing data available at a lower sampling intensity.ResultsIn this study population of 493 individuals with 55 infants under the age of 1 year distributed across 47 households, we found that 52% of RSV-B and 60% of RSV-A cases arose from infection within the household. Forty-five percent of infant infections appeared to occur in the household, of which 68% were a result of transmission from a child aged between 2 and 13 years living in the same household as the infant.ConclusionThese results further highlight the importance of pre-school and school-aged children in RSV transmission, particularly the role they play in directly infecting the household infant. These age groups are a potential RSV vaccination target group.

Epidemiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Across Five Influenza Seasons Among Adults and Children One Year of Age and Older—Washington State, 2011/2012–2015/2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Michael L Jackson ◽  
Emily Scott ◽  
Jane Kuypers ◽  
Arun K Nalla ◽  
Pavitra Roychoudury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Kaiser Permanente ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Virus Subtype

Abstract Background Vaccines and novel prophylactics against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are in development. To provide a baseline for evaluating these interventions, we characterized the incidence and molecular epidemiology of RSV in persons aged ≥1 year. Methods We identified patients with medically attended acute respiratory illness (MAARI) from the 2011/2012 through 2015/2016 influenza seasons among members of Kaiser Permanente Washington. We estimated the cumulative incidence of MAARI for laboratory-confirmed RSV or influenza infection. Results Annual cohorts ranged from 82 266 to 162 633 individuals, 14% of whom were children aged 1 to 17 years. Cumulative incidence of RSV each season ranged from 14 per 1000 population (95% confidence interval [CI], 12–16) to 22 per 1000 (95% CI, 19–25). Incidence of RSV was greater than influenza in children aged 12–23 months and 2–4 years; incidence of influenza was greater in other age groups. Respiratory syncytial virus subtype A dominated in 2011/2012, 2012/2013, and 2015/2016, with ON1 being the most common genotype. Respiratory syncytial virus subtype B dominated in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015, primarily of the BA genotype. Conclusions The burden of RSV is comparable to that of influenza across the life course. These results provide a baseline for evaluating the impact of new RSV interventions on the epidemiology of RSV.

scholarly journals Burden and epidemiology of influenza- and respiratory syncytial virus-associated severe acute respiratory illness hospitalization in Madagascar, 2011-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelinotahina H. Rabarison ◽  
Stefano Tempia ◽  
Aina Harimanana ◽  
Julia Guillebaud ◽  
Norosoa H. Razanajatovo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Illness
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