scholarly journals Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Syndrome After Nonadherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in a Patient With Chronic HIV Infection: A Case Report

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong K. Choi ◽  
Christopher J. Graber
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Acute Illness ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Acute Retroviral Syndrome ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Chronic Hiv Infection

Abstract We report a rare case of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) syndrome in a patient with chronic HIV infection with acute illness indistinguishable from acute retroviral syndrome. The patient presented with an acute febrile mononucleosis-like illness after increasing nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy. A marked increase in HIV RNA level of 1 220 000 copies/mL from less than 20 copies/mL occurred within 3 weeks. The diagnosis of acute HIV syndrome was made after alternative causes of illness were ruled out.

scholarly journals Immunity to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Children with Chronic HIV Infection Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Weinberg ◽  
Gregory B. Pott
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Chronic Hiv Infection

ABSTRACT Our objective was to describe the CD4-mediated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and its virologic and immunologic correlates in children with chronic HIV infection on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Twelve HIV-infected children on stable antiretroviral therapy with a median level of CD4+ lymphocytes (CD4%) of 25.5% and a median viral load (VL) of 786 HIV RNA copies/ml were enrolled in this study. Nine of these children were also cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositive. Blood mononuclear cells, stimulated with HIV and CMV antigens, were used to measure lymphocyte proliferation and to enumerate gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing CD4+ cells. HIV CMI and CMV CMI were detected in similar proportions of patients and correlated with each other, although the HIV responses were less robust. HIV lymphocyte proliferation significantly increased with lower HIV VL and showed a trend to increase with higher CD4% and longer time on HAART. The in vitro IFN-γ response to HIV or CMV was not affected by CD4%, VL, or HAART. Pediatric patients with established HIV infection on HAART frequently exhibit HIV CMI despite undetectable HIV replication. We concluded that the association between HIV CMI and CMV CMI indicates that the same factors govern responsiveness to either antigen.

scholarly journals Anti-Periodontopathic Antibody Response in Chronic HIV Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SahBandar I ◽  
Terakubo J ◽  
Pattison RJ ◽  
Park E ◽  
Oishi MK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Periodontopathic Bacteria ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Chronic Hiv Infection

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection may alter antibody responses against periodontopathic bacteria, increasing the susceptibility for gingival and periodontal disorders in HIV-infected individuals. We describe the oral health of HIV-infected individuals receiving stable Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and determine their association with serum anti-periodontopathic bacteria antibody level.

Gynaecomastia, hyperprolactinaemia and HIV infection

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sashi Acharya ◽  
J J Rufus Fernando ◽  
Rousseau Gama
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Endocrine Complications

Endocrine complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its treatment are being increasingly recognized. We discuss the diagnosis and management of an HIV seropositive man who presented with bilateral gynaecomastia and 'hyperprolactinaemia' due to macroprolactin within six months of starting antiretroviral therapy. We suggest that the gynaecomastia may be a feature of immune reconstitution disease. Measurement of serum prolactin in the investigation of gynaecomastia should be reserved for those with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Since macroprolactin contributes to circulating prolactin in HIV-seropositive subjects, hyperprolactinaemic samples in these patients should be tested for macroprolactin.

scholarly journals Safety and Efficacy of Starting Antiretroviral Therapy in the First Week of Life

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Maswabi ◽  
Gbolahan Ajibola ◽  
Kara Bennett ◽  
Edmund V Capparelli ◽  
Patrick Jean-Philippe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Trough Concentrations ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for infants with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, few antiretroviral options are available for neonates. Methods The Early Infant Treatment Study in Botswana tested HIV-exposed infants within 96 hours of birth, and HIV-infected infants started nevirapine (NVP) 6 mg/kg twice daily, zidovudine (ZDV), and lamivudine (3TC) at age < 7 days. NVP trough concentrations were tested at 1 and 2 weeks. NVP was switched to ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) at week 2, 3, 4, or 5 according to delivery gestational age. Results Forty HIV-infected infants started ART at median age 2 days (range, 1–5 days). NVP trough concentrations were highly variable and below therapeutic target (3000 ng/mL) for 50% of 2-week measurements; concentrations did not correlate with viral decline at weeks 2, 4, or 12. Two deaths unrelated to ART occurred through 24 weeks. Only 1 unscheduled treatment modification was required. Within 4 weeks of transition to LPV/r, 9 (22.5%) had transient HIV RNA increases, likely due to poor LPV/r palatability. At 12 weeks, 22 (55%) of 40 were <40 copies/mL (93% <400 copies/mL); by 24 weeks, 27 of 38 (71%) were < 40 copies/mL (84% < 400 copies/mL). HIV-1 RNA response at 12 and 24 weeks did not differ by baseline HIV RNA or other factors. Conclusions NVP/ZDV/3TC started in the first week of life was safe and effective, even when trough NVP levels were below target. Transient viral increases occurred following transition to LPV/r, but by 12 and 24 weeks most children achieved and maintained viral suppression. Clinical Trials Registration U01AII4235.

scholarly journals 1265. Monitoring of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infection Using the Cepheid HIV-1 Qualitative Assay

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S455-S455
Author(s):  
Erin Keizur ◽  
Drew Wood-Palmer ◽  
Maryann Koussa ◽  
Manuel Ocasio ◽  
Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Hiv Dna ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Pcr Test

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 RNA quantification is the primary method of monitoring response to antiretroviral therapy. In the U.S. viral RNA testing is recommended for all HIV-infected patients at entry into care, at initiation or modification of therapy, and on a regular basis thereafter. HIV-1 DNA testing may pose additional advantages. For example, proviral DNA may predict early loss of viral suppression. The Cepheid® (Sunnyvale, CA) HIV-1 Qualitative (HIV Qual) assay detects total nucleic acid for both RNA and DNA and provides a qualitative result (HIV detectable or undetectable). Methods We tested participants aged 14–24 years old from the Adolescent Trials Network (ATN) CARES study with known HIV infection in Los Angeles, California and New Orleans, Louisiana. We tested participants using the Cepheid® HIV Qual assay and the quantitative HIV-1 RNA, real-time PCR test using the COBAS P6800 system (Roche, Branchburg, NJ). We used 100 μL of whole blood for the HIV Qual assay and results were provided in 90 minutes. We sent the remainder of the whole blood from the same visit to a commercial laboratory for HIV-RNA PCR testing and results were reported as “detected,” “detected, <20 copies/mL plasma” or “not detected, <20 copies/mL plasma.” We compared HIV Qual and HIV RNA PCR test results from the same visit for each participant. Results Overall, 57 HIV Qual tests were performed with concurrent HIV RNA PCR tests. Of those, 9/15 tests were concordant with HIV viral RNA suppression while 39/42 tests were concordant with HIV viral RNA detection. In 6 cases, the HIV RNA was not detected at <20 copies/mL by the Roche PCR while the HIV Qual assay detected HIV DNA. Of those 6 cases, 3 had subsequent HIV RNA PCR testing. All 3 cases had detectable HIV RNA at their next testing date (214 copies/mL, detected <20 copies/mL, 2130 copies/mL). Conclusion The HIV Qual test is feasible for the monitoring of HIV-infection. Due to its detection of HIV DNA, it may predict future lack of HIV RNA suppression. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor in a Child with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Rare Association

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Gupta ◽  
Dharmagat Bhattarai ◽  
Bishnu Kumar Thapa ◽  
Mayur Parkhi ◽  
Pandiarajan Vignesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor ◽  
Neuroectodermal Tumor ◽  
Rare Association ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are reported to have various malignancies, most common being Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Despite higher risk of malignancies, brain tumors are infrequently described in these children. We report Primitive Neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) in a young boy with HIV infection. PNET has never been described in association with HIV infection. Though a causative association cannot be established, it does emphasize that with longer survivals on effective antiretroviral therapy, we may see a wide range of malignancies more frequently.

scholarly journals The Need for Pediatric Formulations to Treat Children with HIV

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne F. Schlatter ◽  
Andrew R. Deathe ◽  
Rachel C. Vreeman
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Pill Burden ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Dosing Intervals ◽  
Crucial Part

Over 3.2 million children worldwide are infected with HIV, but only 24% of these children receive antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART adherence among children is a crucial part of managing human-immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and extending the life and health of infected children. Important causes of poor adherence are formulation- and regimen-specific properties, including poor palatability, large pill burden, short dosing intervals, and the complex storage and transportation of drugs. This review aims to summarize the various regimen- and formulation-based barriers to ART adherence among children to support the need for new and innovative pediatric formulations for antiretroviral therapy (ART). Detailing the arguments both for and against investing in the development of pediatric HIV medications, as well as highlighting recent advances in pediatric ART formulation research, provides a synopsis of the current data related to pediatric ART formulations and adherence.

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