scholarly journals Alarming tuberculosis rate among people who inject drugs in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Nagot ◽  
Vinh Vu Hai ◽  
Thuy Thi Thu Dong ◽  
Oanh Khuat Thi Hai ◽  
Delphine Rapoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is not homogeneous in the general population but presents high-risk groups. People who inject drugs (PWID) are such a group. However, TB among PWID remains largely undocumented. Our goal was to assess the prevalence of TB and the risk factors associated with TB among PWID in Vietnam. Methods We implemented a cross-sectional survey among two community-based cohorts of HIV-positive and HIV-negative PWID in Hai Phong. Participants were screened for TB using questions on TB symptoms. Those who reported any symptom were accompanied by peers to the TB clinic for chest X-Ray. If the latter was abnormal, a sputum was collected to perform an Xpert® MTB/RIF test. Results 885 PWID were screened for TB. For both cohorts, most PWID were male (>90.0%), with a median age of 42 years. Beside heroin injection, 52.5% of participants reported smoking methamphetamine, and 63.2% were on methadone. Among HIV-positive PWID (N=451), 90.4% were on antiretroviral therapy and 81.6% had a viral load <1,000 copies/mL. Using a complete-case analysis, the estimated TB prevalence was 2.3% (95%CI: 1.0-4.5) and 2.1% (95%CI: 0.8-4.2) among HIV-positives and HIV-negatives, respectively. Living in couple, arrest over the past six months, homelessness and smoking methamphetamine were independently associated with TB but not HIV infection. Conclusions In a context of very large antiretroviral therapy coverage, this extremely high rate of TB among PWID requires urgent actions.

Perceptions of people who inject drugs towards HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Australia

Sexual Health ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Phillip Read ◽  
Karen J. Chronister ◽  
Catherine Kostovski ◽  
Mary Ellen Harrod ◽  
Allison Salmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background People who inject drugs (PWID) are a priority for HIV prevention. This study aimed to determine perceptions, potential eligibility and willingness to use PrEP among PWID in Sydney. Methods: Clients completed a cross-sectional survey to collect data on demographics, perceived risk of HIV and willingness to use PrEP, which were then analysed. Results: Twelve (7%) of 172 HIV-negative participants were eligible for PrEP under current guidelines for injecting reasons, of whom three would also be eligible for sexual risk, leaving nine (5%) eligible for injecting reasons alone. Half had heard of PrEP and, of these, 65% would consider taking it. Most (88%) thought they would continue using needle syringe program services. A minority (8%) indicated they may be likely to share needles and syringes or be less concerned about injecting partners’ HIV status (26%). Conclusions: Although PrEP will benefit a small proportion of PWID, this may equate to a significant number nationally. Policy development around PrEP incorporating affected populations will best support the community of people currently injecting to keep rates of HIV low.

scholarly journals Active surveillance of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in endemic areas in rural Bolivia

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Luna Tedesqui ◽  
Guido Noel Chuquimia Calleja ◽  
Rolando Parra ◽  
Javier Palacios Pabón ◽  
Márcio Neves Bóia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis

INTRODUCTION: American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL), including mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) and localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL), is endemic in Bolivia. We describe the results of active surveillance of ATL from 2001 to 2006 and assess demographic data related to ATL epidemiology in the Yungas valleys. METHODS: Community-based active ATL surveillance was performed by the institutions SERVIR, CÁRITAS, and the Health Services Department of La Paz, whose files were reviewed retrospectively. A cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess demographic data in two communities. RESULTS: Two thousand nine hundred nine cases of ATL were detected from 2001 to 2006: 2,488 (85.5%) corresponded to LCL and 421 (14.5%) to MCL. A reduction in the proportion of mucosal cases was observed between 2001 and 2006. The proportion of MCL cases increased with age and was higher among males (15.5% versus 12.1%, p=0.018). The rate of positivity via direct observation of the parasite in dermal scrapings and in parasite cultivation was significantly higher for LCL than for MCL (p<0.001 and p=0.009, respectively). The rate of reactivity in the leishmanin skin test was higher in the group with mucosal lesions (p=0.012). The cross-sectional survey showed that 40% of the families had emigrated from the Altiplano. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to undertake continuous case detection of ATL in the area, where the disease presents a high rate of mucosal cases. Increasing incidence seems to be associated with immigration and continuous deforestation to expand the crop-growing areas.

scholarly journals Population-Level Sexual Mixing According to HIV Status and Preexposure Prophylaxis Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Montreal, Canada: Implications for HIV Prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linwei Wang ◽  
Nasheed Moqueet ◽  
Gilles Lambert ◽  
Daniel Grace ◽  
Ricky Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preexposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mixing Patterns ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Using cross-sectional survey data (Engage, 2017–2018) from 1,137 men who have sex with men, ≥16 years old, in Montreal, we compared observed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconcordance in previous-6-months’ sexual partnerships with what would have been observed by chance if zero individuals serosorted. Of 5 recent partnerships where both individuals were HIV-negative, we compared observed concordance in preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use with the counterfactual if zero individuals selected partners based on PrEP use. We estimated the concordance by chance using a balancing-partnerships approach assuming proportionate mixing. HIV-positive respondents had a higher proportion of HIV-positive partners (66.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 64.0, 68.6) than by chance (23.9%, 95% CI: 23.1, 24.7). HIV-negative respondents (both on and not on PrEP) had higher proportions of HIV-negative partners (82.9% (95% CI: 81.1, 84.7) and 90.7% (95% CI: 89.6, 91.7), respectively) compared with by chance (76.1%, 95% CI: 75.3, 76.9); however, those on PrEP had a higher proportion of HIV-positive partners than those not on PrEP (17.1% (95% CI: 15.3, 18.9) vs. 9.3% (95% CI: 8.3, 10.4). Those on PrEP also had a higher proportion of partners on PrEP among their HIV-negative partners (50.6%, 95% CI: 42.5, 58.8) than by chance (28.5%, 95% CI: 27.5, 29.4). The relationship between PrEP and sexual-mixing patterns demonstrated by less population-level serosorting among those on PrEP and PrEP-matching warrants consideration during PrEP roll-out.

High-risk behaviours and associated factors among HIV-positive individuals in clinical care in southwest Ethiopia

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kebede Deribe ◽  
Kifle Woldemichael ◽  
Mekitie Wondafrash ◽  
Amaha Haile ◽  
Alemayehu Amberbir
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Safer Sex ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Safer Sex Practices ◽  
Hiv Negative

A hospital-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 705 HIV-positive individuals. The result showed that 24% of the participants reported unprotected intercourse in their most recent sexual episode. Nine percent of these events were with partners perceived to be HIV-negative and 39% with those of unknown HIV status. Protected sex at recent episode was independently associated with knowing a partner's HIV status, disclosing HIV status to a partner, receipt of antiretroviral treatment and perceiving HIV as less stigmatizing. This highlights the need for interventions among HIV-positive individuals that will assist them in attaining and maintaining safer sex practices.

scholarly journals Internet Use among Community-Based Rehabilitation Workers in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euson Yeung ◽  
Robert Balogh ◽  
Donald Cole ◽  
Djenana Jalovcic ◽  
Michel D. Landry
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Based Rehabilitation

scholarly journals Prevalence of Thinness among Santal Preschool Children Using New Body Mass Index Cut-Off Points

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Subal Das ◽  
Kaushik Bose
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Tribal Community ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purulia District

A community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of undernutrition using body mass index (BMI) among 2–6-year Santal preschool children of Purulia District, West Bengal, India. A total of 251 (116 boys and 135 girls) children from 12 villages were measured. Commonly used indicators, that is, weight, height, and BMI, were used to evaluate the nutritional status. More boys (59.5%) than girls (53.3%), based on BMI, were undernourished. Significant age differences in weight (F=44.29∗∗∗; df=3), height (F=58.48∗∗∗; df=3), and BMI (F=3.52∗∗∗; df=3) among boys were observed. Similarly, significant differences between ages in mean weight (F=56.27∗∗∗; df=3), height (F=64.76∗∗∗; df=3), and BMI (F=2.62∗∗∗; df=3) were observed among the girls. The present study revealed that the nutritional status of the preschool children of Santal tribal community of these villages was poor with very high rate of thinness in boys and girls (59.5% and 53.3%, resp.).

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