scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology on a Public University Campus in Washington State

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana A Weil ◽  
Sarah L Sohlberg ◽  
Jessica A O'Hanlon ◽  
Amanda M Casto ◽  
Anne W Emanuels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Public University ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Comprehensive University ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
The University ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background We aimed to evaluate a testing program to facilitate control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission at a large university and measure spread in the university community using viral genome sequencing. Methods Our prospective longitudinal study used remote contactless enrollment, daily mobile symptom and exposure tracking, and self-swab sample collection. Individuals were tested if the participant was exposed to a known SARS-CoV-2 infected person, developed new symptoms, or reported high-risk behavior (such as attending an indoor gathering without masking or social distancing), a member of a group experiencing an outbreak, or at enrollment. Study participants included students, staff, and faculty at an urban, public university during Autumn quarter of 2020. Results We enrolled 16,476 individuals, performed 29,783 SARS-CoV-2 tests, and detected 236 infections. 75.0% of positive cases reported at least one of the following: symptoms (60.8%), exposure (34.7%), or high-risk behaviors (21.5%). Greek community affiliation was the strongest risk factor for testing positive, and molecular epidemiology results suggest that specific large gatherings were responsible for several outbreaks. Conclusion A testing program focused on individuals with symptoms and unvaccinated persons that participate in large campus gatherings may be effective as part of a comprehensive university-wide mitigation strategy to control the SARS-CoV-2 spread.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology on a Public University Campus in Washington State

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana A. Weil ◽  
Sarah L. Sohlberg ◽  
Jessica A. O’Hanlon ◽  
Amanda M. Casto ◽  
Anne W Emanuels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Public University ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ABSTRACTBackgroundTesting programs have been utilized as part of SARS-CoV-2 mitigation strategies on university campuses, and it is not known which strategies successfully identify cases and contain outbreaks.ObjectiveEvaluation of a testing program to control SARS-CoV-2 transmission at a large university.DesignProspective longitudinal study using remote contactless enrollment, daily mobile symptom and exposure tracking, and self-swab sample collection. Individuals were tested if the participant was (1) exposed to a known case, developed new symptoms, or reported high-risk behavior, (2) a member of a group experiencing an outbreak, or (3) at baseline upon enrollment.SettingAn urban, public university during Autumn quarter of 2020ParticipantsStudents, staff, and faculty.MeasurementsSARS-CoV-2 PCR testing was conducted, and viral genome sequencing was performed.ResultsWe enrolled 16,476 individuals, performed 29,783 SARS-CoV-2 tests, and detected 236 infections. Greek community affiliation was the strongest risk factor for testing positive. 75.0% of positive cases reported at least one of the following: symptoms (60.8%), exposure (34.7%), or high-risk behaviors (21.5%). 88.1% of viral genomes (52/59) sequenced from Greek-affiliated students were genetically identical to at least one other genome detected, indicative of rapid SARS-CoV-2 spread within this group, compared to 37.9% (11/29) of genomes from non-Greek students and employees.LimitationsObservational study.ConclusionIn a setting of limited resources during a pandemic, we prioritized testing of individuals with symptoms and high-risk exposure during outbreaks. Rapid spread of SARS- CoV-2 occurred within outbreaks without evidence of further spread to the surrounding community. A testing program focused on high-risk populations may be effective as part of a comprehensive university-wide mitigation strategy to control the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

scholarly journals Use of Longitudinal EEG Measures in Estimating Language Development in Infants With and Without Familial Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol L. Wilkinson ◽  
Laurel J. Gabard-Durnam ◽  
Kush Kapur ◽  
Helen Tager-Flusberg ◽  
April R. Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Risk Status ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Language development in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) varies greatly among affected individuals and is a strong predictor of later outcomes. Younger siblings of children with ASD have increased risk of ASD, but also language delay. Identifying neural markers of language outcomes in infant siblings could facilitate earlier intervention and improved outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether electroencephalography (EEG) measures from the first 2 years of life can explain heterogeneity in language development in children at low and high risk for ASD, and whether associations between EEG measures and language development are different depending on ASD risk status or later ASD diagnosis. In this prospective longitudinal study, EEG measures collected between 3 and 24 months were used in a multivariate linear regression model to estimate participants’ 24-month language development. Individual baseline longitudinal EEG measures included (1) the slope of EEG power across 3 to 12 months or 3 to 24 months of life for six canonical frequency bands, (2) the estimated EEG power at 6 months of age for the same frequency bands, and (3) terms representing the interaction between ASD risk status and EEG power measures. Modeled 24-month language scores using EEG data from either the first 2 years (Pearson p = 0.70, 95% CI [0.595, 0.783], p = 1 × 10−18) or the first year of life (Pearson p = 0.66, 95% CI [0.540, 0.761], p = 2.5 × 10−14) were highly correlated with observed scores. All models included significant interaction effects of risk on EEG measures, suggesting that EEG-language associations are different depending on risk status, and that different brain mechanisms affect language development in low- versus high-risk infants.

Pre-morbid Psychopathology in Schizophrenia Spectrum

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (05) ◽  
pp. 623-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Parnas ◽  
Aage Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

In a prospective, longitudinal study of high-risk offspring of schizophrenic mothers, of several dimensions of pre-morbid behaviour ‘peculiarity’ predicted subsequent schizophrenia or schizotypy. Peculiarity/eccentricity may represent a subtle marker of the schizophrenic genotype. ‘Pre-schizophrenics', as compared with ‘pre-schizotypes', were characterised by affective dyscontrol, reflected in less introverted and more disturbed behaviour.

scholarly journals Thiamin status of premature infants assessed by measurement of thiamin diphosphate in whole blood

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (12) ◽  
pp. 2182-2189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Körner ◽  
Carsten Müller ◽  
Bernhard Roth ◽  
Anne Vierzig
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Thiamin Diphosphate ◽  
Thiamin Deficiency ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Demographical Data ◽  
The University ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Premature infants constitute a risk group for thiamin deficiency but only little is known about their thiamin status. The aim of the present study was to investigate the thiamin status of premature infants by determination of thiamin diphosphate (TDP) and to identify risk factors for low TDP concentrations. In a prospective, longitudinal study TDP was determined by HPLC in whole blood in the first days of life and approximately every 2 weeks. Demographical data, weight gain, type of nutrition and thiamin intake were recorded. A total of 111 premature infants were included at the Children's Hospital of the University of Cologne, Germany from May 2009 until December 2010 and 222 blood samples were analysed. TDP concentrations showed an age-dependent decline (age 0–10 d, mean TDP = 110·6 ng/ml; age 11–20 d, mean TDP = 95·4 ng/ml; age 21–103 d, mean TDP = 33·6 ng/ml). There was no significant difference between males and females. Young gestational age and low birth weight were associated with low TDP concentrations. No infant was diagnosed with thiamin deficiency. The current nutritional regimen in our hospital did not lead to thiamin deficiency in the study cohort. Further research is required to evaluate how TDP concentrations are regulated in premature infants.

scholarly journals Adolescent High-Risk Behaviors and Orofacial Trauma

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Adriana Modesto ◽  
Kristen Pelczar ◽  
Deborah Studen-Pavlovich ◽  
Aaron M. Valasek ◽  
Zachary Mills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
University Of Pittsburgh ◽  
The University ◽  
Physical Altercations

Aim: The objective of the study was to investigate if there was a relationship between high risk behaviors among adolescents and orofacial trauma. Material and Methods: The study used a cross-sectional retrospective design with data collected from electronic health records of over 4,000 patients treated in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine from May 2009 through September 2013. This study was approved by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board. Risk factors for trauma were obtained from each patient’s medical and social history and included tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug use, tattoos, piercings, and mouthguard use during sports. Outcome measures used were history of broken bones or orofacial trauma. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of each risk factor in increasing risk for trauma outcomes were calculated. Chi-square tests were also performed with an alpha of 0.05. Results and Conclusions: A total of 2,609 patients were included in this study. Males (N=1,340) had statistically more often orofacial trauma than females, and were statistically more often exposed to all risk factors (tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug use, tattoos, and physical altercations) than females with the exception of using piercings in body parts other than the ears and not wearing mouthguard for sports. Wearing mouthguard for sports decreased in 50% the risk of orofacial trauma (OR=0.53; 95% CI 0.42-0.68; p=0.00000001). Tobacco use and physical altercations increased the chance of broken bone, fractured tooth, and orofacial trauma in 2-fold (smoking, OR=1.85-2.28, 95% CI 1.3-2.96; physical altercations, OR=1.9-2.34; p=0.0005). Drinking and using illicit drugs increased the risk of broken bone (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.37- 2.64; p=0.0001). Use of mouthguards for sports dramatically reduced the risk of orofacial trauma. Tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug use, and getting into physical altercations increased the risk of orofacial trauma.

scholarly journals Launching a saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 surveillance testing program on a university campus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Ehrenberg ◽  
Erica A. Moehle ◽  
Cara E. Brook ◽  
Andrew H. Doudna Cate ◽  
Lea B. Witkowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Period ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
College And University ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
The University ◽  
Study Participants

SummaryRegular surveillance testing of asymptomatic individuals for SARS-CoV-2 has played a vital role in SARS-CoV-2 outbreak prevention on college and university campuses. Here we describe the voluntary saliva testing program instituted at the University of California, Berkeley during an early period of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2020. The program was administered as a research study ahead of clinical implementation, enabling us to launch surveillance testing while continuing to optimize the assay. Results of both the testing protocol itself and the study participants’ experience show how the program succeeded in providing routine, robust testing capable of contributing to outbreak prevention within a campus community and offer strategies for encouraging participation and a sense of civic responsibility.

Peripartum outcomes of high-risk pregnancies complicated by oligo- and polyhydramnios: A prospective longitudinal study

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everett F. Magann ◽  
Dorota A. Doherty ◽  
Monica A. Lutgendorf ◽  
Marcia I. Magann ◽  
Suneet P. Chauhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Development and the fragmented self: Longitudinal study of dissociative symptomatology in a nonclinical sample

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN R. OGAWA ◽  
L. ALAN SROUFE ◽  
NANCY S. WEINFIELD ◽  
ELIZABETH A. CARLSON ◽  
BYRON EGELAND
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Extreme Deviation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Dissociative behaviors and their relation to both the self and self-organization were examined using the developmental psychopathology perspective in a prospective longitudinal study of high-risk children. Participants were 168 young adults (n = 79 females, n = 89 males, age = 18–19 years) considered high-risk for poor developmental outcomes at birth due to poverty. The present study investigated whether trauma, sense of self, quality of early mother–child relationship, temperament, and intelligence were related to dissociative symptomatology measured at four times across 19 years. Findings were (a) age of onset, chronicity and severity of trauma were highly correlated and predicted level of dissociation; (b) both the avoidant and disorganized patterns of attachment were strong predictors of dissociation; (c) dissociation in childhood may be a more normative response to disruption and stress, while dissociation in adolescence and young adulthood may be more indicative of psychopathology; (d) preliminary support was found for a model proposed by G. Liotti that links disorganized attachment, later trauma, and dissociation in adulthood; and (e) strong support was found for N. Waller, F. W. Putnam, and E. B. Carlson's contention that psychopathological dissociation should not be viewed as the top end of a continuum of dissociative symptomatology, but as a separate taxon that represents an extreme deviation from normal development.

Dysfunction of emotional brain systems in individuals at high risk of mood disorder with depression and predictive features prior to illness

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1207-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Whalley ◽  
J. E. Sussmann ◽  
L. Romaniuk ◽  
T. Stewart ◽  
S. Kielty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Emotional Modulation ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Limbic Regions

Background.Abnormalities of emotion-related brain circuitry, including cortico-thalamic-limbic regions underpin core symptoms of bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). It is unclear whether these abnormalities relate to symptoms of the disorder, are present in unaffected relatives, or whether they can predict future illness.Method.The Bipolar Family Study (BFS) is a prospective longitudinal study that has examined individuals at familial risk of mood disorder and healthy controls on three occasions, 2 years apart. The current study concerns imaging data from the second assessment; 51 controls and 81 high-risk (HR) individuals performing an emotional memory task. The latter group was divided into 61 HR individuals who were well, and 20 who met diagnostic criteria for MDD. At the time of the third assessment a further 11 HR individuals (from the Well group) had developed MDD. The current analyses focused on (i) differences between groups based on diagnostic status at the time of the scan, and (ii) predictors of future illness, comparing the 11 HR individuals who became unwell after the second scanning assessment to those who remained well.Results.All groups demonstrated typical emotional modulation of memory and associated brain activations. For analysis (i) the HR MDD group demonstrated increased thalamic activation v. HR Well. (ii) HR Well individuals who subsequently became ill showed increased activation of thalamus, insula and anterior cingulate compared to those who remained well.Conclusions.These findings suggest evidence for specific changes related to the presence of illness and evidence that changes in brain function in cortico-thalamic-limbic regions precede clinical illness.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document