scholarly journals Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 alpha variant (B.1.1.7) from a BNT162b2-vaccinated individual

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solen Kernéis ◽  
Delphine Planas ◽  
Sandrine Imbeaud ◽  
Isabelle Staropoli ◽  
Julien Puech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Transmission ◽  
Alpha Variant

Abstract Cases of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition after vaccination with BNT162b2 have been described but the risk of secondary transmission from fully-vaccinated individuals remains ill-defined. Herein we report a confirmed transmission of SARS-CoV-2 alpha variant (B.1.1.7) from a symptomatic immunocompetent woman 4 weeks after her second dose of BNT162b2, despite anti-spike seroconversion.

scholarly journals Secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in educational settings in Northern Italy from September 2020 to April 2021: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivera Djuric ◽  
Elisabetta Larosa ◽  
Mariateresa Cassinadri ◽  
Silvia Cilloni ◽  
Eufemia Bisaccia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attack Rate ◽  
Index Case ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Secondary Case ◽  
Secondary Transmission ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Alpha Variant ◽  
Type Of School

Background: We aimed to quantify the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the school setting by type of school, characteristics of the index case and calendar period in the Reggio Emilia province (RE), Italy, from school reopening in September 2020 until the beginning of April 2021. The secondary aim was to estimate the promptness of contact tracing. Methods: A population-based analysis of surveillance data of all COVID-19 cases occurring in RE, Italy, from September 1, 2020, to April 4th, 2021, for which a school contact and/or exposure was suspected. Indicator of the delay in contact tracing was computed as the time elapsed since positivity of the index case and the date on which the swab for classmates was scheduled (or most were scheduled). Results: Overall, 30,426 and 13,571 contacts among classmates and teachers/staff, respectively, were identified and received recommendation for testing; 43,414 (98.7%) performed the test. Secondary transmission occurred in about 40% of the investigated classes, and the overall secondary case attack rate was 4%, slightly higher when the index case was a teacher, but with almost no differences by type of school and stable during the study period. Promptness of contact tracing increased during the study period, reducing the time from index case identification and testing of contacts from 7 to 3 days, as well the ability to identify possible source of infection in the index case (from 42% in September/October, to 22% in November, to 50% in December-April). Conclusions: Despite the spread of the Alpha variant during the study period in RE, the secondary case attack rate remained stable from school reopening in September 2020 until the beginning of April 2021.

scholarly journals COVID-19—the risk of secondary transmission among households quantified

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (12) ◽  
pp. 839-839
Author(s):  
Seamas C Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Transmission

scholarly journals Use of a Multidisciplinary Incident Command System in Response to Measles Outbreak in Maryland

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s502-s504
Author(s):  
Taylor McIlquham ◽  
Anna Sick-Samuels ◽  
Carrie Billman ◽  
Jennifer Andonian ◽  
Melissa Dudley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Johns Hopkins Hospital ◽  
Occupational Health Services ◽  
Becton Dickinson ◽  
Distributed Resources ◽  
Incident Command System ◽  
Secondary Transmission ◽  
Incident Command ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Triage Algorithm

Background: Measles is a highly contagious virus that reemerged in 2019 with the highest number of reported cases in the United States since 1992. Beginning in March 2019, The Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) responded to an influx of patients with concern for measles as a result of outbreaks in Maryland and the surrounding states. We report the JHH Department of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology (HEIC) response to this measles outbreak using a multidisciplinary measles incident command system (ICS). Methods: The JHH HEIC and the Johns Hopkins Office of Emergency Management established the HEIC Clinical Incident Command Center and coordinated a multipronged response to the measles outbreak with partners from occupational health services, microbiology, the adult and pediatric emergency departments, marketing and communication and local and state public health departments. The multidisciplinary structure rapidly developed, approved, and disseminated tools to improve the ability of frontline providers to quickly identify, isolate, and determine testing needs for patients suspected to have measles infection and reduce the risk of secondary transmission. The tools included a triage algorithm, visitor signage, staff and patient vaccination guidance and clinics, and standard operating procedures for measles evaluation and testing. The triage algorithms were developed for phone or in-person and assessed measles exposure history, immune status, and symptoms, and provided guidance regarding isolation and the need for testing. The algorithms were distributed to frontline providers in clinics and emergency rooms across the Johns Hopkins Health System. The incident command team also distributed resources to community providers to reduce patient influx to JHH and staged an outdoor measles evaluation and testing site in the event of a case influx that would exceed emergency department resources. Results: From March 2019 through June 2019, 37 patients presented with symptoms or concern for measles. Using the ICS tools and algorithms, JHH rapidly identified, isolated, and tested 11 patients with high suspicion for measles, 4 of whom were confirmed positive. Of the other 26 patients not tested, none developed measles infection. Exposures were minimized, and there were no secondary measles transmissions among patients. Conclusions: Using the ICS and development of tools and resources to prevent measles transmission, including a patient triage algorithm, the JHH team successfully identified, isolated, and evaluated patients with high suspicion for measles while minimizing exposures and secondary transmission. These strategies may be useful to other institutions and locales in the event of an emerging or reemerging infectious disease outbreak.Funding: NoneDisclosures: Aaron Milstone reports consulting for Becton Dickinson.

scholarly journals Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 Alpha Variant B.1.1.7 Tracking in Wastewater by Allele-Specific RT-qPCR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Lin Lee ◽  
Maxim Imakaev ◽  
Federica Armas ◽  
Kyle A. McElroy ◽  
Xiaoqiong Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allele Specific ◽  
Alpha Variant

scholarly journals COVID-19 infection among international travellers: a prospective analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e050667
Author(s):  
Meaghan Lunney ◽  
Paul E Ronksley ◽  
Robert G Weaver ◽  
Lianne Barnieh ◽  
Norman Blue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Prospective Analysis ◽  
Pilot Programme ◽  
Negative Test ◽  
Secondary Transmission ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Test Result

ObjectivesThis report estimates the risk of COVID-19 importation and secondary transmission associated with a modified quarantine programme in Canada.Design and participantsProspective analysis of international asymptomatic travellers entering Alberta, Canada.InterventionsAll participants were required to receive a PCR COVID-19 test on arrival. If negative, participants could leave quarantine but were required to have a second test 6 or 7 days after arrival. If the arrival test was positive, participants were required to remain in quarantine for 14 days.Main outcome measuresProportion and rate of participants testing positive for COVID-19; number of cases of secondary transmission.ResultsThe analysis included 9535 international travellers entering Alberta by air (N=8398) or land (N=1137) that voluntarily enrolled in the Alberta Border Testing Pilot Programme (a subset of all travellers); most (83.1%) were Canadian citizens. Among the 9310 participants who received at least one test, 200 (21.5 per 1000, 95% CI 18.6 to 24.6) tested positive. Sixty-nine per cent (138/200) of positive tests were detected on arrival (14.8 per 1000 travellers, 95% CI 12.5 to 17.5). 62 cases (6.7 per 1000 travellers, 95% CI 5.1 to 8.5; 31.0% of positive cases) were identified among participants that had been released from quarantine following a negative test result on arrival. Of 192 participants who developed symptoms, 51 (26.6%) tested positive after arrival. Among participants with positive tests, four (2.0%) were hospitalised for COVID-19; none required critical care or died. Contact tracing among participants who tested positive identified 200 contacts; of 88 contacts tested, 22 were cases of secondary transmission (14 from those testing positive on arrival and 8 from those testing positive thereafter). SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 lineage was not detected in any of the 200 positive cases.Conclusions21.5 per 1000 international travellers tested positive for COVID-19. Most (69%) tested positive on arrival and 31% tested positive during follow-up. These findings suggest the need for ongoing vigilance in travellers testing negative on arrival and highlight the value of follow-up testing and contact tracing to monitor and limit secondary transmission where possible.

scholarly journals +CLICK: harnessing web-based training to reduce secondary transmission among HIV-positive youth

AIDS Care ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Margaret Markham ◽  
Ross Shegog ◽  
Amy Dolph Leonard ◽  
Thanh C. Bui ◽  
Mary E. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Secondary Transmission

scholarly journals Secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through wastewater: Concerns and tactics for treatment to effectively control the pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 112668
Author(s):  
Amrit Kumar Thakur ◽  
Ravishankar Sathyamurthy ◽  
R. Velraj ◽  
I. Lynch ◽  
R. Saidur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Transmission

scholarly journals Effect of Delta variant on viral burden and vaccine effectiveness against new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the UK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen B. Pouwels ◽  
Emma Pritchard ◽  
Philippa C. Matthews ◽  
Nicole Stoesser ◽  
David W. Eyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Viral Burden ◽  
Alpha Variant ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prior Infection ◽  
Similar Peak

AbstractThe effectiveness of the BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines against new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections requires continuous re-evaluation, given the increasingly dominant B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of these vaccines in a large, community-based survey of randomly selected households across the United Kingdom. We found that the effectiveness of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 against infections (new polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive cases) with symptoms or high viral burden is reduced with the B.1.617.2 variant (absolute difference of 10–13% for BNT162b2 and 16% for ChAdOx1) compared to the B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant. The effectiveness of two doses remains at least as great as protection afforded by prior natural infection. The dynamics of immunity after second doses differed significantly between BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1, with greater initial effectiveness against new PCR-positive cases but faster declines in protection against high viral burden and symptomatic infection with BNT162b2. There was no evidence that effectiveness varied by dosing interval, but protection was higher in vaccinated individuals after a prior infection and in younger adults. With B.1.617.2, infections occurring after two vaccinations had similar peak viral burden as those in unvaccinated individuals. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination still reduces new infections, but effectiveness and attenuation of peak viral burden are reduced with B.1.617.2.

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