scholarly journals Operational evaluation of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets effectiveness on human-vector contact in African urban malaria context

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipomin F Traoré ◽  
André B Sagna ◽  
Serge B Assi ◽  
Bertin N’Cho Tchiekoi ◽  
Akré M Adja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Salivary Peptide ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets

Abstract Background Malaria is still a major public health concern in Côte d’Ivoire despite mass distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) as a key preventive strategy. This study intended to evaluate the operational effectiveness of LLINs on the level of human-vector contact using one antibody-based biomarker of exposure to Anopheles in urban areas. Methods A cross-sectional study collected socio-demographic data and use of LLINs from 9 neighborhoods of the city of Bouaké (Côte d’Ivoire). Dry blood spots performed in children over 6 months and adults were used to evaluate immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to the Anopheles gSG6-P1 salivary peptide. Result IgG response levels to the salivary peptide were significantly lower in individuals who declared having “always, n = 270” slept under a LLIN compared to those who had “often, n = 2087” and “never, n = 88” slept under a LLIN (P < 0.0001). IgG response levels to gSG6-P1 between those who declared having “always” and “not always” slept under a LLIN use varied according to the neighborhood, the socio-professional category and the age groups studied. Conclusion The human IgG level to this gSG6-P1 salivary peptide could be a useful tool to evaluate the actual effectiveness of LLINs and help design behavioural change interventions that are crucial for sustaining universal coverage.

scholarly journals Hypertension in the Adult Population in Côte d’Ivoire: Prevalence and Associated Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Ekra Kouadio Daniel ◽  
Okoubo Guillaume ◽  
Orsot Tetchi ◽  
Ekou Kokora Franck
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Objectives: To estimate the current national prevalence of hypertension and to identify associated factors, in a context of increasing cardiovascular diseases and rampant urbanization in Côte d'Ivoire. Methodology: This was a secondary analysis of data from the survey on the prevalence and characteristics of diabetes in Côte d'Ivoire. The cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was conducted among 3198 adults aged 20 to 79 years, in the twenty health regions of Côte d'Ivoire from 23 November to 22 December 2017. Risk factors were identified by binary stepwise logistic regression using Stata version 15 software. Results: The survey population was predominantly female (55%) and lived in urban areas (55.38%). The prevalence of hypertension in Côte d'Ivoire was 39.92% [95% CI : 37.28 - 42.62]. Independent of other factors, hypertension in adults is associated with age, place of residence, education level, marital status, income and nutritional status. However, the consumption of fruits and vegetables is protective of hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension in Côte d'Ivoire is very high with a greater burden in the older populations. Interventions targeting the associated modifiable risk factors are needed to correct this alarming epidemiological situation.

scholarly journals PM<sub>2.5</sub> surface concentrations in southern West African urban areas based on sun photometer and satellite observations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Léon ◽  
Aristide Barthélémy Akpo ◽  
Mouhamadou Bedou ◽  
Julien Djossou ◽  
Marleine Bodjrenou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Sun Photometer ◽  
Aerosol Emissions

Abstract. Southern West Africa (sWA) is influenced by large amounts of aerosol particles of both anthropogenic and natural origins. Anthropogenic aerosol emissions are expected to increase in the future due to the economical growth of African megacities. In this paper, we investigate the aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the coastal area of the Gulf of Guinea using sun photometer and MODIS satellite observations. We use a lightweight handheld sun photometer measuring the solar irradiance at 465, 540 and 619 nm operated manually every day from December 2014 to April 2017 at 5 different locations in Côte d'Ivoire and Bénin. Handheld sun photometer observations are complemented by available AERONET sun photometer observations and MODIS level 3 time series between 2003 and 2018. MODIS daily level 3 AOD agrees well with sun photometer observations in Abdidjan and Cotonou (correlation coefficient R = 0.89 and RMSE = 0.19). A classification based on the Angstrom Exponent is used to separate the influence of coarse mineral dust and urban-like aerosols. The AOD seasonal pattern is similar for all the sites and is clearly influenced by the mineral dust advection from December to May. AODs are analyzed in coincidence with surface PM2.5 concentrations to infer trends in the particulate pollution levels over conurbation of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) and Cotonou (Bénin). PM2.5 to AOD conversion factors are evaluated as a function of the season and the aerosol type identified in the AE classification. Highest PM2.5 concentrations (up to 300 μg/m3) are associated to the advection of mineral dust in the heart of the dry season (December–February). From December to March the median concentration above Abidjan and Cotonou is around 40 μg/m3, while it is around 20 μg/m3 during the rest of the year. Considering only the days during which the AOD belongs to the urban-like aerosol category, we observe a significant trend S = 0.32 μg/m3/year in the PM2.5 concentrations over the period 2003–2017. This trend leads to an increase of 5 ± 3 μg/m3 over 15 years and is coherent with the expected increase in combustion aerosol emissions in sWA.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Yahe® and Panda® 2.0 long-lasting insecticidal nets against wild pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.l. from Côte d’Ivoire: an experimental hut trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyntia-Muriel Y. Clegban ◽  
Soromane Camara ◽  
A. Alphonsine Koffi ◽  
Ludovic P. Ahoua Alou ◽  
Jean-Paul Kabran Kouame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Experimental Hut ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.L ◽  
Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets

Abstract Background Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have played an important role in reducing the global malaria burden since 2000. They are a core prevention tool used widely by people at risk of malaria. The Vector Control Prequalification mechanism of the Word Health Organization (WHO-Vector Control PQ) established the testing and evaluation guidelines for LLINs before registration for public use. In the present study, two new brands of deltamethrin-impregnated nets (Yahe® LN and Panda® Net 2.0) were evaluated in an experimental hut against wild pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.l. in M’Bé nearby Bouaké, central Côte d’Ivoire. Methods The performance of Yahe® LN and Panda® Net 2.0 was compared with that of PermaNet 2.0, conventionally treated nets (CTN), and untreated net to assess the blood-feeding inhibition, deterrence, induced exophily, and mortality. Results Cone bioassay results showed that Panda® Net 2.0, PermaNet 2.0 and Yahe® LN (both unwashed and washed 20 times) induced > 95% knockdown or > 80% mortality of the susceptible Anopheles gambiae Kisumu strain. With the pyrethroid-resistant M’Bé strain, mortality rate for all treated nets did not exceed 70%. There was a significant reduction in entry and blood feeding (p < 0.05) and an increase in exophily and mortality rates (p < 0.05) with all treatments compared to untreated nets, except the CTNs. However, the personal protection induced by these treated nets decreased significantly after 20 washes. The performance of Panda® Net 2.0 was equal to PermaNet® 2.0 in terms of inhibiting blood feeding, but better than PermaNet® 2.0 in terms of mortality. Conclusion This study showed that Yahe® LN and Panda® Net 2.0 met the WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) criteria to undergo phase III trial at the community level. Due to an increasing spread and development of pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors, control of malaria transmission must evolve into an integrated vector management relying on a large variety of efficient control tools. Graphical Abstract

Vectorial Transmission of Malaria in Major Districts of Côte d’Ivoire

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 908-914
Author(s):  
Konan F Assouho ◽  
Akré M Adja ◽  
Négnorogo Guindo-Coulibaly ◽  
Emmanuel Tia ◽  
Affoué M N Kouadio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Abstract To better understand the influence of periodic mass distribution of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) on malaria transmission, a 1-yr entomological survey was conducted in three major districts of Côte d’Ivoire. Mosquitoes were sampled by Human Landing Catches (HLC) in urban and rural areas of San Pedro and Abidjan (coastal), and in Yamoussoukro (central). Mosquitoes were identified morphologically and by molecular methods. The Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (CSP) indices were measured by ELISA, and the Entomological Inoculation Rates (EIR) were calculated for each species and area. Anopheles gambiae s.l. Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) and Anopheles nili Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) were identified in coastal districts, while An. gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) were reported in the central district. In urban areas, malaria vectors showed a low aggressiveness (&lt;10 bites per person per night), except in Yamoussoukro, where up to 18.9 b/p/n were recorded. The annual EIR was higher in the central urban area (138.7 infected bites per person per year) than in coastal ones (10–62 ib/p/n). In rural areas, malaria vectors were highly aggressive with an average 13 b/p/n for An. gambiae s.l, 21.2 b/p/n for An. nili and 12 b/p/n for An. funestus. The annual EIR ranged between 94.9 and 193.4 infected bites per person per year. This work indicates that, despite repeated mass distribution of LLINs, malaria transmission remains high and heterogeneous across Côte d’Ivoire. Malaria transmission was lower in coastal urban areas than in the central one, and remains high rural areas where two additional Anopheles vectors are involved in malaria transmission.

scholarly journals La Cohésion Sociale En Côte d'Ivoire: Analyse De La Situation Et Facteurs Selon Les Ivoiriens

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Sali Lokotianwa Yeo Kone
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Rural And Urban

This study proposes to examine the situation of social cohesion in Côte d'Ivoire. To do this a survey is conducted on a sample of 1536 Ivoirians in the four major regions of Côte d’Ivoire in both rural and urban areas. This sample is composed of 60 ethnic groups grouped into four (04) groups. The size of the sample obtained by the quota method (region, sex, agglomeration, age (18 years and over) socio-professional situation) is calculated taking into account the data of the last General Census of Population and Housing (RGPH., 2014). The results reveal that the Ivorian aware of his role also relies on public authorities to reduce disparities and polarizations. This will give people the impression that they are involved in a common enterprise, that they face the same challenges and are part of the same community.

scholarly journals Transmission of malaria in relation to distribution and coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets in central Côte d’Ivoire

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allassane F Ouattara ◽  
Mamadou Dagnogo ◽  
Edi AV Constant ◽  
Moussa Koné ◽  
Giovanna Raso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets

scholarly journals First Detection of Mycobacterium sp. in Wastewater in Abidjan (Yopougon) Cote d’Ivoire

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Vakou N’dri Sabine ◽  
Coulibaly-Kalpy Julien ◽  
Amon Lydie Nina ◽  
Bernaud Nicolas ◽  
Dosso Mireille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in the environment and worldwide, under certain environmental conditions, they could be responsible for skin diseases or pulmonary lesions. In Ivory Coast, Buruli ulcers endemic country, very little information concerning the epidemiology of NTM in Cote d'Ivoire is known, this ignorance has led to an underestimation of its prevalence in the environment. Aims: The objective of this study was to characterize strains of environmental mycobacteria in wastewater located in urban areas in Abidjan (Yopougon) Côte d'Ivoire. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Yopougon (Selmer). This site is considered to be Buruli ulcer non-endemic zone according to the national program on fight against Buruli ulcer in Côte d’Ivoire. However, all biological aspect of this work was carried out at the Pastor Institute of Côte d’Ivoire. Methodology: Wastewater samples were collected at the surfaces at Yopougon using the technique described by Britton and Gresson. In the laboratory, these collected samples were treated according to the method described by Stinear et al. and Kankya et al. consisting of decontamination, neutralization followed by culture. Classification of species was done according to the method described by Runyon and collaborators. Biochemical identification of mycobacteria was done according to the method described by Metchock. Results: A total of 32 samples were collected, 8 water samples at each sampling site. After decontamination and culture, specimens grew on Lowenstein-Jensen medium after 7 days (at 37°C and 32°C) and revealed small, smooth, nonpigmented colonies. Smears confirmed the presence of variably acid-fast organisms. Biochemical traits of the isolates revealed, colony grown on Middlebrook agar 7H11 (at 37°C and 32°C); catalase (+); agar (+) (at 37°C and 32°C ); citrate  (-); mannitol  (-). Conclusion: This work is one of the first study focusing on Mycobacteria in wastewater in Abidjan. The isolation of Mycobacterium sp., an environmental pathogenic organism, supports the hypothesis of possible colonization of urban wastewater by pathogenic mycobacteria. Further studies are needed to verify the involvement of this specie in mycobacterial infections in Côte d'Ivoire.

scholarly journals Urbanisation is a main driver for Aedes aegypti dynamics and arboviral risk in Côte d’Ivoire

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Zahouli ◽  
B Koudou ◽  
P Müller ◽  
J Utzinger
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Biting Rate

Abstract Background Aedes mosquito-borne arboviruses have (re-)emerged and caused considerable public health concerns in major sub-Saharan African cities subjected to rapid urbanisation. We assessed the effects of urbanisation on Aedes aegypti dynamics and biting pattern, and the risk of transmission of yellow fever (YF) and dengue (DEN) viruses along urban-rural gradient in Côte d'Ivoire. Methods We collected Aedes mosquitoes as eggs, larvae/pupae, and adults seasonally in urban, suburban and rural areas using ovitrap, larval survey and human-baited double net trap methods from January 2015 to December 2016. We sampled household data and characterised Aedes larval breeding sites. Ae. aegypti indices and biting rates were compared by area. Results Ae. aegypti was the most abundant species in all areas. It showed higher abundance in urban areas (n = 26,072; 99.4%). Larval indices were associated with human activities, including waste and water management. Tires and discarded containers were the most productive breeding sites in all areas. Household water receptacles displayed high Aedes-positive rate (23.6%) in urban areas. Positive ovitrap index was higher in urban (53.5%) compared to suburban (43.1%) and rural (29.7%). Stegomyia indices were highest in urban followed by suburban and rural areas, with respective house index of 67.2, 51.4 and 27.8, container index of 57.1, 43.5 and 19.7, and Breteau index of 95.2, 78.9 and 8.8. Biting rate was 4.3 and 2.7-fold higher in urban (83.5 bite/person/day) and suburban (52.1 bite/person/day) compared to rural (19.4 bite/person/day), respectively. Ae. aegypti indices were higher during rainy seasons. Conclusions In Côte d'Ivoire, urbanisation raised Ae. aegypti abundance and biting rate. As a result, YF and DEN risk indices were above WHO-established epidemic thresholds in urban area thus exposing local communities to high risk of getting diseases. Integrated community-based vector control programs should be applied to reduce arboviral risk. Key messages Urbanisation raises Aedes aegypti abundance and arboviral disease risk in Côte d’Ivoire. Integrated community clean-up actions are required to control Aedes vectors.

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