scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Cholkit Rapid Diagnostic Test for Vibrio Cholerae O1 During a Cholera Outbreak in Malawi, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent Chibwe ◽  
Watipaso Kasambara ◽  
Mathews Kagoli ◽  
Harry Milala ◽  
Charity Gondwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1

Abstract Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for cholera are an important emerging tool for surveillance, yet the currently available tests have several limitations. We assess the performance of a new RDT, Cholkit, during a cholera outbreak in Malawi compared with culture and find a sensitivity of 93.0% (95% CI, 83.0%–98.1%) and a specificity of 95.7% (95% CI, 78.1%–100.0%).

scholarly journals Clinical overlap between malaria and pneumonia: can malaria rapid diagnostic test play a role?

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja ◽  
Olufemi B Aina ◽  
Ademola A Talabi
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Symptom Overlap

Introduction: Malaria and pneumonia account for 40% of mortality among children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to lack of diagnostic facilities, their management is based on the integrated management of childhood illnesses (IMCI) strategy. Symptoms of malaria and pneumonia overlap in African children, necessitating dual IMCI classifications at health centres and treatment with both antibiotics and antimalarials. This study determined the prevalence of malaria-pneumonia symptom overlap and confirmed the diagnosis of malaria in these cases using a rapid diagnostic test. Methodology: Consecutive consultations of 1,216 children (two months to five years old) were documented over a three-month period in a comprehensive health centre. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests were conducted only for children who had symptom overlap. Results: Of the 1,216 children enrolled, 1,090 (90%) reported cough or fever. Among the children fulfilling the malaria case definition, 284 (30%) also met the pneumonia case definition. Twenty-three percent (284) of all children enrolled met the criteria for both malaria and pneumonia. However, only 130 (46%) of them had a positive result for malaria using a malaria rapid diagnostic test. During a malaria-pneumonia overlap, female children (chi-square 5.9, P = 0.01) and children ≥ one year (chi-square 4.8, P = 0.003) were more likely to seek care within two days of fever. Conclusion: Dual treatment with antimalarials and antibiotics in children with malaria-pneumonia overlap may result in unnecessary over-prescription of antimalarial medications. Use of rapid diagnostic tests in their management can potentially avoid over-prescribing of malaria medications.

scholarly journals One-Step Immunochromatographic Dipstick Tests for Rapid Detection of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 in Stool Samples

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nato ◽  
A. Boutonnier ◽  
M. Rajerison ◽  
P. Grosjean ◽  
S. Dartevelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Simple Tool ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
One Step ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
Stool Samples

ABSTRACT We describe the development and evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test for Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 based on lipopolysaccharide detection using gold particles. The specificity ranged between 84 and 100%. The sensitivity of the dipsticks ranged from 94.2 to 100% when evaluated with stool samples obtained in Madagascar and Bangladesh. The dipstick can provide a simple tool for epidemiological surveys.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Pfhrp2 and Pfhrp3 Gene Deletions in Plasmodium Falciparum Isolates and their Performance of Hrp2 Based Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Three Districts of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Aquel Rene Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests

Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (MRDTs) are important for malaria disease management. However, the performance of the RDTs is affected when the targeted antigens in the parasite have a variation or are altogether absent. The most common parasite target antigen in RDTs, Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2), has been reported to be absent in some P. falciparum parasites. 371 patient samples, from Akuapem North (58.5%), Atiwa East (21.3%), and from New Juaben (20.2%), were used in the study. PCR provided the highest number, 14.8% (55/371), of positive detections for falciparum infections. Microscopy detected parasites in 20/261 (7.7%) samples, and the minimum parasite density by microscopy was 430 parasites/µL. Out of the 371 samples, 27 (7.3%) were positive by RDT. The highest RDT positivity rate, 13.3% (10/75), was observed at New Juaben. False-negative RDT results were obtained in 43/55 (78.2%) of the negative branded RDT kits. Only two microscopies positive sample were RDT positive. Using 18SrDNA PCR, 55 (14.8%) samples were positive for P. falciparum. In Akuapem North, 79.2 % (19/24) of the PCR positive samples had P. falciparum parasites that lacked exon 2 of PFHRP2. An overall RDT positivity rate of 7.3% (27/371) and false-negative rate of 78.2% (43/55) were observed for the study sites. Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations with deletions of the PFHRP2 and PFHRP3 genes are present in Ghana. There is an urgent need to investigate the prevalence and geographic distribution of these parasites. Keywords: Histidine Rich Protien (HRP), Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (MRDT), Malaria, Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT).

Exploring the willingness to adopt rapid diagnostic tests to improve antimicrobial medicine use amongst Tanzanian livestock farmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Florida Mkenda ◽  
Henry Buller ◽  
Ann Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Willingness To Adopt

This article deals with the challenge of addressing antimicrobial resistance in resource-poor countries. It explores the possibilities of using rapid diagnostic tests to improve animal health management and treatment, particularly in situations where laboratory veterinary infrastructure is limited. Using data from a survey undertaken in 2018, three composite variables, i.e. perceived usefulness, compatibility with existing practices and ease of use, derived from the Model of Technological Acceptance and Diffusion Innovation Theory are used to analyse the perceived characteristics and values of rapid diagnostic test devices for farmers. Results suggest smallholder farmers’ willingness to adopt and use the tests provided they are affordable, easy to use and suitable to their local conditions – a common referential being mobile phones. While such tests have the potential to improve how antibiotics are used in smallholder farms, they are more likely to instigate more general improvements in how treatment decisions are made without necessarily reducing unnecessary antimicrobial use. The adoption may also imply a diminishing need for traditional veterinary services, thus making farmers more self-sufficient in animal health care. Farmers also seem to be more concerned by false negatives leading to sick animals missing vital treatment than by false positives where drugs will be administered to healthy animals. Overall promoting rapid diagnostic test technologies inevitably calls for new controls and regulations.

scholarly journals Field evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test to detect antibodies in human toxocariasis

Acta Tropica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.K.C. Lim ◽  
H. Yamasaki ◽  
J.W. Mak ◽  
S.F. Wong ◽  
C.W. Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Field Evaluation

scholarly journals Field evaluation of a Pan-Lassa rapid diagnostic test during the 2018 Nigerian Lassa fever outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Boisen ◽  
Eghosa Uyigue ◽  
John Aiyepada ◽  
Katherine J. Siddle ◽  
Lisa Oestereich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Lassa Fever

Cholera outbreak investigation, Bhadola, Delhi, India, April–May 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (10) ◽  
pp. 762-769
Author(s):  
Akhileshwar Singh ◽  
Rakesh Gupta ◽  
Tanzin Dikid ◽  
Ekta Saroha ◽  
Naresh Chand Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
The North ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Health Action ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
Stool Samples

Abstract Background In the Gangetic plains of India, including Delhi, cholera is endemic. On 10 May 2018, staff at the north Delhi district surveillance unit identified a laboratory-confirmed cholera outbreak when five people tested positive for Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa serotype in Bhadola. We investigated to identify risk factors and recommend prevention measures. Methods We defined a case as ≥3 loose stools within 24 h in a Bhadola resident during 1 April–29 May 2018. We searched for cases house-to-house. In a 1 : 1 unmatched case control study, a control was defined as an absence of loose stools in a Bhadola resident during 1 April–29 May 2018. We selected cases and controls randomly. We tested stool samples for Vibrio cholerae by culture. We tested drinking water for fecal contamination. Using multivariable logistic regression we calculated adjusted ORs (aORs) with 95% CIs. Results We identified 129 cases; the median age was 14.5 y, 52% were females, 27% were hospitalized and there were no deaths. Symptoms were abdominal pain (54%), vomiting (44%) and fever (29%). Among 90 cases and controls, the odds of illness were higher for drinking untreated municipal water (aOR=2.3; 95% CI 1.0 to 6.2) and not knowing about diarrhea transmission (aOR=4.9; 95% CI 1.0 to 21.1). Of 12 stool samples, 6 (50%) tested positive for Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa serotype. Of 15 water samples, 8 (53%) showed growth of fecal coliforms. Conclusions This laboratory-confirmed cholera outbreak associated with drinking untreated municipal water and lack of knowledge of diarrhea transmission triggered public health action in Bhadola, Delhi.

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