scholarly journals COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults With HIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Stoeckle ◽  
Carrie D Johnston ◽  
Deanna P Jannat-Khah ◽  
Samuel C Williams ◽  
Tanya M Ellman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electronic Health Record Data ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background The spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic have caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection remain uncertain. Methods We conducted a matched retrospective cohort study of adults hospitalized with a COVID-19 illness in New York City between March 3, 2020, and May 15, 2020. We matched 30 people with HIV (PWH) with 90 control group patients without HIV based on age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Using electronic health record data, we compared demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and clinical outcomes between PWH and control patients. Results In our study, the median age (interquartile range) was 60.5 (56.6–70.0) years, 20% were female, 30% were black, 27% were white, and 24% were of Hispanic/Latino/ethnicity. There were no significant differences between PWH and control patients in presenting symptoms, duration of symptoms before hospitalization, laboratory markers, or radiographic findings on chest x-ray. More patients without HIV required a higher level of supplemental oxygen on presentation than PWH. There were no differences in the need for invasive mechanical ventilation during hospitalization, length of stay, or in-hospital mortality. Conclusions The clinical manifestations and outcomes of COVID-19 among patients with SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection were not significantly different than patients without HIV co-infection. However, PWH were hospitalized with less severe hypoxemia, a finding that warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Preliminary Efficacy of Tocilizumab Treatment in The Patients With COVID-19.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Xijing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
White Cell Count ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Clinical Trail ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was considered to be with the severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, which implies a potential therapeutic target for treatment. We aimed to evaluate the safety and initial efficacy of Tocilizumab treatment for COVID-19 patients.Methods: In the retrospective study, sixty-one patients with COVID-19 with the mean age of 69 were enrolled from Feb 27 to Mar 14, 2020 in Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital. Twenty-nine of them received one dose (400 mg) of add-on Tocilizumab treatment as the treated group and remaining 32 cases served as control group. The clinical manifestations and laboratory examinations were compared between the two groups.Results: The average duration of symptoms to admission was 28.2 days. Compared with the cases in control group, the treated cases exhibited a significant increase of serum IL-6 on the seventh day since Tocilizumab injection, however, there were no differences in whole blood white cell count, circulating lymphocyte count, serum C-reactive protein, and respiratory parameters or other clinical manifestations between the treated and control groups. There were no adverse events associated with Tocilizumab treatment in the treated COVID-19 patients.Conclusions: In the elder moderate and severe patients with COVID-19, one dose of Tocilizumab treatment was safe but no clinical benefit was observed on the seventh day in this study.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trail Registry, ChiCTR2000033705. Registered June 10, 2020 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=54989.

scholarly journals Efeito de imunodulador glutamina e probiótico pool de Lactobacillus na atenuação dos sintomas e crises de asma em crianças

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-354
Author(s):  
Michele Honicky ◽  
João Paulo Zattar ◽  
Mariana Saciloto ◽  
Mariana Abe Vicente Cavagnari ◽  
Claudia Nodari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
Asthma Attack ◽  
Asthma In Children ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Immunomodulator glutamine and probiotic Lactobacillus at certain doses have beneficial effects by modulation of the immune system and may assist in the integrity of therespiratory system. However, studies about the effects of glutamine or Lactobacillus pool on the prevention and control of asthma in children are still scarce. The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of the use of glutamine and Lactobacillus pool on the attenuation of clinical asthma symptoms in children. Methods: Longitudinal study, 45 children with medical diagnosis of asthma distributed in three groups: control group (C), glutamine group (G), Lactobacillus group (L). Group G was supplemented with L-glutamine powder (0.3 g/kg/day). Group L used a pool of Lactoba- cillus (Lactobacillus casei, paracasei, rhamnosus, acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis) (2 g/day). Group C received no glutamine or Lactobacillus pool. Clinical characteristics and symptoms of respiratory diseases were assessed by study-specific anamnesis and ISSAC Questionnaire (to obtain diagnostic scores and asthma symptoms) for 4 months. To test for differences between groups, the ANOVA test with Tukey post-hoc test was used. It was considered significant p <0.05. Results: Initial ISSAC score was (C=8.67±1.77, L=7.80±1.52 and G=8.00 ± 1.46, p=0.31). At the first follow-up, the ISSAC score indicated that group G had improvement in the clinical characteristics of asthma (C=6.47±2.29, L = 5.07±2.28, G = 4.00±1.73, p <0.05), as also occurred in the following months until the last follow-up (C=5.93±2.28, L=5.13±2.13, G=4.00±1.96, p<0.05). After supplementation, group G presented lower mean duration of asthma attack (p=0.01), lower number of asthma attack (p<0.05), lower prevalence of typical asthma symptoms, as cough and wheezing (p<0.05). Conclusion: Glutamine supplementation attenuated the typical asthma symptoms, while the use of Lactobacillus pool did not attenuate the symptoms. Glutamine may be a new strategy for prevention and control of asthma in children.

Basic Clinical Syndromes and Definitions

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Aparna Pendurthi ◽  
Maxim Mokin
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Transient Ischemic Attacks ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Clinical Syndromes

The goal for neurological evaluation in the Emergency Department is to appropriately route potential acute stroke patients toward medical or surgical interventions in the most expedient manner possible. This chapter focuses on familiarizing the reader with main stroke subtypes and clinical manifestations associated with specific syndromes. Acute neurologic episodes being evaluated in the emergent setting for stroke workup can be divided into broad categories based on duration of symptoms, clinical presentation, and findings from basic imaging. This chapter explores the most common of these stroke syndromes and discusses the classification and clinical characteristics of transient ischemic attacks and ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.

Serum Concentration of Thyroid Hormones Long-Term After Sulfur Mustard Exposure

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakine MOAIEDMOHSENI ◽  
Tooba GHAZANFARI ◽  
Ensie Sadat MIRSHARIF ◽  
Nayere ASKARI ◽  
Zuhair MOHAMMAD HASSAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
And Control

Background: Despite several reports on the clinical manifestations of sulfur mustard (SM) intoxication, there is no study on serum concentrations of thyroid hormones long-term after SM exposure. In this study, the changes in thyroid functioning parameters 20 yr after SM exposure were evaluated. Methods: This study is a part of a larger historical cohort study conducted in 2007 following 20 years of the exposure to SM, called Sardasht–Iran cohort study (SICS). We (SICS) comprised an SM–exposed group from Sardasht City, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran (n=169 as hospitalized group and n=203 as non-hospitalized exposed group); and control participants were selected from Rabat, a town near Sardasht (n=126). Peripheral blood samples were taken in fasting state and then the sera were separated. T4, T3, TSH, antithyroglobulin (anti–Tg), and antithyroid peroxidase (anti–TPO) concentrations in the sera were measured by the ELISA method. Results: The mean of T3 concentration was significantly higher in the exposed than control group (0.88 ± 0.26 nmol/L vs 0.8 ± 0.25 nmol/L, P<0.001). The levels of TSH, T4, and T3up were not significantly different between the exposed and control groups. Thyroglobulin level was significantly higher in the exposed non-hospitalized group (56.07 ± 140.22 µg/L vs 17.66 ± 41.49 µg/L, P=0.004), but the level of anti–Tg and anti–TPO showed no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: More studies are needed on the alterations in thyroid hormones, their gene expressions, and mechanisms involved in SM exposure to clarify the causes of these alterations.

scholarly journals The Effect of Follicular-fluid Exposure of Endometriosis Cyst Patients toward the Levels of Bcl-2 and Cytochrome-C in Mice Oocyte

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 567-570
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Putra Adnyana ◽  
I Made Jawi ◽  
Ketut Suwiyoga ◽  
I Made Bakta ◽  
I Nyoman Mantik Astawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Apoptosis ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
And Control

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis cysts adversely affect a woman’s quality of life, which causes pain and reduces fertility. The World Health Organization found that the incidence of endometriosis with infertility clinical manifestations is around 10%. AIM: The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of mice oocytes mitochondrial apoptosis exposed with endometriosis cysts follicular fluid through Bcl-2 and cytochrome C analysis. METHODS: This study was a randomized post-test only control group design conducted at Sanglah Hospital, Bali Royal Hospital in Denpasar, and the Medical Faculty Udayana University from June 2018 to April 2019. A total of 120 mice oocytes were distributed randomly into three groups, i.e., treatment Groups 1 and 2 that added by 15% endometriosis cysts follicular fluid and control group. Bcl-2 and Cytochrome C analyzed with ELISA Technique. Comparability was tested with one-way ANOVA with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS: Eighteen mice oocyte replicates were normally distributed and homogeneous. The Bcl-2 levels in the treatment Groups 1, and 2 and control were 627.83 ± 146.42, 634.50 ± 140.62, and 678.83 ± 152.71, respectively; p = 0.838 (not significantly different). Cytochrome C levels in the treatment Groups 1, and 2, and control, respectively, were 3147.75 ± 228.50, 3104.45 ± 211.29, and 2738.28 ± 227.45; p = 0.021 (significantly different). CONCLUSION: The effect of endometriosis cysts follicular fluid exposure on mitochondrial apoptosis is proven through Cytochrome C, whereas Bcl-2 is not proven.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of patients under 40 years old with early-onset hyperuricaemia: a retrospective monocentric study in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e025528
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
Leixi Xue ◽  
Jian Wen ◽  
Lin Bo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
And Control ◽  
Onset Group ◽  
Early Onset Group

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with early-onset hyperuricaemia (HUC).MethodsA retrospective study using data from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University was conducted. 623 patients with HUC were divided into early-onset group and late-onset group. Another 201 healthy subjects ≤40 years old were regarded as control group. The data of physical measurements and biochemistry test were collected. Clinical data of early-onset group were compared with late-onset group and control group by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and χ2test. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. Logistic regression was used to identify the clinical factors correlated with patients with early-onset HUC.ResultsThe patients of early-onset group had different body mass index (BMI), serum albumin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatinine (Cr), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), TG/high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, HDL and percentage of males, hypertension (HBP) as well as fatty liver compared with healthy people in the control group. Early-onset group patients had different albumin, ALT, fasting blood glucose, Cr, percentage of males and HBP compared with late-onset group patients. PCA identified four significant patterns including PC1 (labelled ‘TG and HDL’), PC2 (labelled ‘fatty liver and liver enzymes’), PC3 (labelled ‘TC and LDL’) and PC4 (labelled ‘AKP’). The results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI, HBP and albumin were correlative factors for early onset of HUC when the patients with early-onset and late-onset HUC were involved, while gender, BMI, PC1, PC2 and PC4 were correlative factors for early-onset HUC when the early-onset and control groups were involved.ConclusionThis study described a group of patients with early-onset HUC with distinct clinical features. Gender, BMI, ‘TG and HDL’, ‘fatty liver and liver enzymes’ and ‘AKP’ have higher values than HBP, type 2 diabetes mellitus and ‘TC and LDL’ in patients under 40 years old with early-onset HUC.

scholarly journals Preventive Efficacy of Tenofovir/Emtricitabine Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Among Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Users

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Ayerdi ◽  
Teresa Puerta ◽  
Petunia Clavo ◽  
Mar Vera ◽  
Juan Ballesteros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tenofovir Alafenamide ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Background The preventive effect that tenofovir/emtricitabine (FTC) could have against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in human immunodeficiency virus-negative people is unknown. The objective of this study was to analyze the seroprevalence and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 among users of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), disoproxil fumarate/FTC (TDF/FTC), or tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)/FTC and to compare it to that of a control group. Methods An observational descriptive study of the seroprevalence of antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 among men who have sex with men and transgender women without use of PrEP (Group 1; n = 250) and PrEP users with TDF/FTC (n = 409) or TAF/FTC (n = 91) (Group 2; n = 500) was conducted from May11, 2020 to June 27, 2020. All participants were provided with a structured questionnaire that collected information on the variables to be analyzed, and testing for immunoglobulin G antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 (chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay) was then carried out. Results The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was 9.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.9–13.5) in the group without PrEP and 15.0% (95% CI, 12.0–18.4) in the group with PrEP (P = .026). Among users of TDF/FTC it was 14.7% (95% CI, 11.4–18.5), and in users of TAF/FTC it was 16.5% (95% CI, 9.5–25.7) (P = .661). In those who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and receiving PrEP, 57.4% manifested symptoms, compared with 78.3% in the control group (P = .070). In users of TDF/FTC the figure was 53.3% and in users of TAF/FTC the figure was 73.3% (P = .100). The duration of symptoms was 11.5 days in the control group, 9.0 days in PrEP users (P = .116), 7.0 days in users of TDF/FTC, and 13.0 days in users of TAF/FTC (P = .100). Conclusions Users of PrEP, TDF/FTC, or TAF/FTC presented a higher seroprevalence to SARS-CoV-2 than the control group. No statistically significant differences were found in relation to clinical manifestations. The PrEP users should use the same prevention measures as those indicated for the general population.

The PAI-I Gene 4G/5G Polymorphism and Central Nervous System Bleeding In Factor XIII Deficiency

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 4782-4782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Naderi ◽  
Akbar Dorgalaleh ◽  
Shaban Alizadeh ◽  
Shadi Tabibian ◽  
Bamedi Taregh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Severe Bleeding ◽  
Bleeding Tendency ◽  
Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage ◽  
Factor Xiii Deficiency ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Background FXIII deficiency is one of the rare bleeding disorder (RBD) that has a highest incidence in Sistan and Baluchistan province around the world. This disorder represents with different clinical manifestations ranging from mild to severe bleeding tendency including CNS bleeding. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of PAI-14G/5Gpolymorphism in central nervous bleeding (intra and extracranial hemorrhage) system in factor XIII deficiency. Methods In this case control study was studied 32 FXIII deficient patients with CNS bleeding and also 32 patients with factor XIII deficiency without history of CNS bleeding as control group. Initially both groups were evaluated for the previously reported polymorphism of factor XIII (Trp187Argpolymorphism) in order to confirm their disorder. Then all patients were assessed for PAI-14G/5G polymorphism. Eventually obtained data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results The result of this study revealed that all study patients were homozygote for Trp187Arg polymorphism. We also found that the equal numbers of patients (4 individuals) in case and control groups were heterozygote for PAI-14G/5G polymorphism and none of patients were homozygote for this polymorphism. All heterozygote patients had intracranial hemorrhage and patients with extracranial hemorrhage had no mutation of PAI-14G/5G. Intraparenchymal was the most common site of hemorrhage and was observed in 26 patients (92.8%).We also observed subdural and epidural hemorrhage in two patients (7.1%).Anatomic regions in patients with intraparenchymal hemorrhage, were temporal in nine (32.2%), occipital in eight (28.6%), diffused intraparenchymal hemorrhage in seven (25%), tempro-occipital in two (7.1%) and subdural with temporal in two (7.1%) patients. Conclusion: It seems that PAI-14G/5G polymorphism did not any effect on occurrence of intra and extracranial hemorrhage in patients with factor XIII deficiency. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Absence of Correlation between IL-28B Gene Polymorphisms and the Clinical Presentation of Chronic Hepatitis B in an Amazon Brazilian Population

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Regina Souza da Silva Conde ◽  
Luciana L. Rocha ◽  
Vanessa M. Ferreira ◽  
Julius Caesar Mendes Soares Monteiro ◽  
Nathália Karla Fonseca Filgueiras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control

Objective. The present study investigated the prevalence of the IL-28B polymorphisms rs12979860 and rs8099917 in chronic hepatitis B patients from a case study in Eastern Amazonia.Methods. In total, 65 chronically infected HBV patients and 97 healthy subjects who were anti-HBc and anti-HBs positive (control group) were evaluated between May 2011 and December 2012. The groups of patients were designated as inactive carriers, chronic hepatitis without cirrhosis, and chronic hepatitis with cirrhosis based on clinical, pathological, biochemical, hematological, and virological variables. The patients were genotyped using quantitative real-time PCR.Results. The frequencies of the rs12979860 polymorphism were similar between the infected group (32.3% CC, 41.5% CT, and 26.2 TT) and the control population (35% CC, 47.4% CT, and 17.6% TT), and the frequencies of the rs8099917 polymorphism (7.7% GG, 35.4% GT, and 56.9% TT versus 7.2% GG, 35.1% GT, and 57.7% TT) were also similar in both groups. The associations between the rs12979860 and rs8099917 polymorphisms and the clinical manifestations were not statistically significant.Conclusion. In conclusion, these polymorphisms had a similar distribution between infected and control groups, indicating that they were not associated with susceptibility and the clinical evolution of hepatitis B in the examined population.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Differences between Genders

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Intriago ◽  
G. Maldonado ◽  
J. Cárdenas ◽  
C. Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aggressive Disease ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
The City

Objective. To compare the clinical characteristics of a group of men and women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and determine the differences between genders. Materials and Methods. A descriptive and comparative cross-sectional study was developed with a group of 50 men and a control group of 50 women with RA, from a rheumatology center in the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Data collected included clinical manifestations, comorbidities, treatment, and disease activity. Clinical and activity differences between sexes were analyzed. Results. Women were more devoted to housework (66%), while men consumed more tobacco (34%) and alcohol (38%). Fatigue (60%), loss of appetite (54%), and weight loss (44%) were more common in women. No differences were found in comorbidities or treatment. Women had higher values of DAS-28 (3.4 vs 2.5), HAQ-DI (1.1 vs 0.4), ESR (33.0 vs 23.2), painful joints (8 vs 3), swollen joints (6 vs 2), and overall physician assessment (3 vs 2). Conclusion. The results are similar to other publications that establish that women have a more aggressive disease with greater activity of the disease and disability.

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