scholarly journals Electronic Consults for Infectious Diseases in a United States Multisite Academic Health System

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R Wood ◽  
Jessica A Bender ◽  
Sara Jackson ◽  
Leah Rosengaus ◽  
Paul S Pottinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
United States ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Academic Health ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Primary Care Practitioners

Abstract We launched Infectious Disease electronic consultations (eConsults) in 2018. During the first 15.5 months, primary care practitioners submitted 328 eConsults; the most frequent reasons were a positive culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result, syphilis, and latent tuberculosis. Practitioners commonly requested advice on antimicrobial choice, clinical evaluation, and indications for treatment. Internal phone consultations decreased after eConsult implementation.

scholarly journals Transmission of the Citrus Variegated Chlorosis Bacterium Xylella fastidiosa with the Sharpshooter Oncometopia nigricans

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 1237-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Brlansky ◽  
V. D. Damsteegt ◽  
J. S. Hartung
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reliable Indicator ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Citrus Variegated Chlorosis ◽  
Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) is an economically important, destructive disease in Brazil and is caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells. The bacterium has been found to be transmitted in Brazil by sharpshooter leafhoppers (Cicadellidae). Sharpshooters are present in most citrus growing areas of the United States. The sharpshooter leafhopper, Oncometopia nigricans Walker, frequently is found feeding on citrus in Florida. This sharpshooter transmits the X. fastidiosa strains that cause Pierce's disease of grape and ragweed stunt. Research was initiated to determine if O. nigricans was capable of vectoring the X. fastidiosa that causes CVC. In 59 different transmission tests, using 1 to 57 insects per test, transmission of the bacterium was observed 12 times (20.3%). Symptom development in the greenhouse was not a reliable indicator of transmission. Transmission was verified by specific polymerase chain reaction-based assays. Individual insects were able to transmit the bacterium. This information on sharpshooter transmission of CVC is needed to assess the threat posed by the CVC disease to the citrus industries in the United States.

scholarly journals Two Distinct Genotypes of Spissistilus festinus (Say, 1830) (Hemiptera, Membracidae) in the United States Revealed by Phylogenetic and Morphological Analyses

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Cieniewicz ◽  
Victoria Poplaski ◽  
Melina Brunelli ◽  
Jason Dombroskie ◽  
Marc Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Spissistilus Festinus

Spissistilus festinus (Say, 1830) (Hemiptera: Membracidae) is a frequent pest of leguminous crops in the Southern United States, and a vector of grapevine red blotch virus. There is currently no information on the genetic diversity of S. festinus. In this study, populations of S. festinus were collected in 2015–2017 from various crops and geographic locations in the United States, and fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase 1 (mt-COI) gene and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region were characterized by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses of the mt-COI and ITS2 sequences yielded similar phylogenetic tree topologies, revealing two distinct genetic S. festinus lineages with all of the specimens from California comprising one phylogenetic clade, alongside a single GenBank entry from Arizona, and all specimens from the Southeastern United States comprising a statistically-supported distinct clade, regardless of host and year of collection. The mt-COI gene fragment showed up to 10.8% genetic distance between the two phylogenetic clades. These results suggest the existence of two genotypes within S. festinus in the United States. The only distinct morphological trait between the two genotypes was a less elevated pronotum in the representative specimens from California, compared to the representative specimens from the Southeastern United States. Since this phenotypic feature is inconspicuous, a diagnostic polymerase chain reaction targeting a variable region of the mt-COI fragment was developed to reliably distinguish between the specimens of the two genotypes of S. festinus and to facilitate their specific identification.

scholarly journals Portable sequencer in the fight against infectious disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Elia Mongan ◽  
Josef Sem Berth Tuda ◽  
Lucky Ronald Runtuwene
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Infectious disease is still a major threat in the world today. Five decades ago, it was considered soon to be eradicated, but the adaptation of pathogens to environmental pressure, such as antimicrobials, encouraged the emergence and reemergence of infectious disease. The fight with infectious disease starts with prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Diagnosis can be upheld by observing the cause of disease under the microscope or detecting the presence of nucleic acid and proteins of the pathogens. The molecular techniques span from classical polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to sequencing the nucleic acid composition. Here, we are reviewing the works have been undertaken to utilize a portable sequencer, MinION, in various aspects of infectious disease management.

scholarly journals Nonpneumococcal Streptococci Confounding Polymerase Chain Reaction Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae in United States Colonized Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda C. Lessa ◽  
Jennifer Milucky ◽  
Nadine Rouphael ◽  
Nancy M. Bennett ◽  
H. Keipp Talbot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Filling the gaps in the characterization of the clinical management of COVID-19: 30-day hospital admission and fatality rates in a cohort of 118 150 cases diagnosed in outpatient settings in Spain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Prieto-Alhambra ◽  
Elisabet Balló ◽  
Ermengol Coma ◽  
Núria Mora ◽  
María Aragón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Outcome Studies ◽  
Day Hospital ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Outpatient Settings

Abstract Background Currently, there is a missing link in the natural history of COVID-19, from first (usually milder) symptoms to hospitalization and/or death. To fill in this gap, we characterized COVID-19 patients at the time at which they were diagnosed in outpatient settings and estimated 30-day hospital admission and fatality rates. Methods This was a population-based cohort study.   Data were obtained from Information System for Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP)—a primary-care records database covering >6 million people (>80% of the population of Catalonia), linked to COVID-19 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests and hospital emergency, inpatient and mortality registers. We included all patients in the database who were ≥15 years old and diagnosed with COVID-19 in outpatient settings between 15 March and 24 April 2020 (10 April for outcome studies). Baseline characteristics included socio-demographics, co-morbidity and previous drug use at the time of diagnosis, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and results.   Study outcomes included 30-day hospitalization for COVID-19 and all-cause fatality. Results We identified 118 150 and 95 467 COVID-19 patients for characterization and outcome studies, respectively. Most were women (58.7%) and young-to-middle-aged (e.g. 21.1% were 45–54 years old). Of the 44 575 who were tested with PCR, 32 723 (73.4%) tested positive. In the month after diagnosis, 14.8% (14.6–15.0) were hospitalized, with a greater proportion of men and older people, peaking at age 75–84 years. Thirty-day fatality was 3.5% (95% confidence interval: 3.4% to 3.6%), higher in men, increasing with age and highest in those residing in nursing homes [24.5% (23.4% to 25.6%)]. Conclusion COVID-19 infections were widespread in the community, including all age–sex strata. However, severe forms of the disease clustered in older men and nursing-home residents. Although initially managed in outpatient settings, 15% of cases required hospitalization and 4% died within a month of first symptoms. These data are instrumental for designing deconfinement strategies and will inform healthcare planning and hospital-bed allocation in current and future COVID-19 outbreaks.

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