Urinary biomarkers of dietary intake: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 364-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin D Clarke ◽  
Megan E Rollo ◽  
Kristine Pezdirc ◽  
Clare E Collins ◽  
Rebecca L Haslam
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Urinary Biomarkers ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Dietary Biomarkers ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Food Components

AbstractDietary intakes are commonly assessed by established methods including food frequency questionnaires, food records, or recalls. These self-report methods have limitations impacting validity and reliability. Dietary biomarkers provide objective verification of self-reported food intakes, and represent a rapidly evolving area. This review aims to summarize the urinary biomarkers of individual foods, food groups, dietary patterns, or nutritional supplements that have been evaluated to date. Six electronic databases were searched. Included studies involved healthy populations, were published from 2000, and compared measured dietary intake with urinary markers. The initial search identified 9985 studies; of these, 616 full texts were retrieved and 109 full texts were included. Of the included studies, 67 foods and food components were studied, and 347 unique urinary biomarkers were identified. The most reliable biomarkers identified were whole grains (alkylresorcinols), soy (isoflavones), and sugar (sucrose and fructose). While numerous novel urinary biomarkers have been identified, further validation studies are warranted to verify the accuracy of self-reported intakes and utility within practice.

scholarly journals Comparison of children's dietary intake patterns with US dietary guidelines

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Brady ◽  
Christine H. Lindquist ◽  
Sara L. Herd ◽  
Michael I. Goran
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
American Children

Monitoring dietary intake patterns among children is important in order to explore and prevent the onset of adult health problems. The aim of the present study was to compare children's dietary intakes with national recommendations and to determine whether sex or ethnic differences were evident. This was done using a methodology that allows assessment of intake from the major components of the Food Guide Pyramid developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA: ). The sample studied included 110 African-American and Caucasian males and females (mean age 9·9 years, BMI 20·1 kg/m2) from Birmingham, AL, USA, who were participating in a study investigating the development of obesity. Dietary data were based on three 24 h recalls and food group intake was determined using the USDA Pyramid Servicing Database. The results indicated that a high percentage of subjects failed to meet the recommended number of servings from each of the food groups. For example, only 5 % and 9 % met fruit and dietary group recommendations respectively. Consumption of foods from the Pyramid ‘tip’ (including discretionary fat and added sugar) contributed almost 50 % of the diet. African-Americans were more likely to meet requirements for the meat group, with a higher proportion of Caucasians meeting dietary recommendations. Males were more likely to meet the vegetable group guidelines although females consumed more energy per day from discretionary fat. In conclusion, these results suggest that implementation of nutrition education programmes may be important for promoting healthy nutrition among American children.

scholarly journals “I feel like eating rice 24 hours per day, 7 days a week”: A Study of Dietary Diversity Among Asylum Seekers in Norway (OR21-06-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrun Henjum ◽  
Laura Terragni
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Adequate Food

Abstract Objectives Poor nutrition and food insecurity is highly prevalent among asylum seekers residing in western countries. Lack of economic resources, unfamiliarity with new foods, and language barriers are some challenges that asylum seekers encounter upon resettlement. Despite the importance of an adequate diet for good health, limited knowledge, exist on food intake and dietary quality among asylum seekers. We described dietary intake and assessed dietary quality among asylum seekers at Norwegian reception centers. Methods In 2017, a cross-sectional study in eight ordinary asylum reception centers in the South Eastern part of Norway were performed and 205 asylum seekers (131 men and 74 women) were included. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-hour dietary recall and dietary diversity score (DDS) calculated according to FAO and FANTA, 2014. In addition, field notes of the asylum seekers thoughts on dietary intake and living condition provided contextual aspects of their nutritional situation. Results Two-third of the asylum seekers had dietary intakes with low quality; they ate from less than five food groups (low DDS). The asylum seekers ate in average two meals per day and one-third ate their first meal after noon. Meals tend to consist of food that was familiar in their country of origin. Women had significantly higher DDS than men with a higher consumption of vegetables and fruits. Asylum seekers residing in Norway for a longer time had a higher dietary diversity, than asylum seekers with a shorter stay. Most asylum seekers told about a reduced dietary intake, few meals and by the end of the month, hunger. They chose the cheapest food, food on sale or food that had expired and chose quantity over quality. The kitchen facilities at the reception centers were inadequate with limited storage place, low quality of the cooking equipment and crowded kitchen. Conclusions The asylum seekers had a monotonous diet with few meals, in contrast to the food abundance that most Norwegian are accustomed to, revealing, the emergence of new groups and new forms of poverty and social exclusion also in rich countries with otherwise good welfare state systems. The situation appear particularly critical given Norway's commitment through the United Nations (UN) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights to ensure human rights such as the right to adequate food and health. Funding Sources The study was funded by Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway.

scholarly journals The development and evaluation of a novel computer program to assess previous-day dietary and physical activity behaviours in school children: The Synchronised Nutrition and Activity ProgramTM (SNAPTM)

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 1266-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen J. Moore ◽  
Louisa J. Ells ◽  
Sally A. McLure ◽  
Sean Crooks ◽  
David Cumbor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Food Groups

Self-report recall questionnaires used to measure physical activity and dietary intake in children can be labour intensive and monotonous and tend to focus on either dietary intake or physical activity. The web-based software, Synchronised Nutrition and Activity ProgramTM (SNAPTM), was developed to produce a novel, simple, quick and engaging method of assessing energy balance-related behaviours at a population level, combining principles from new and existing 24 h recall methodologies, set within a user-friendly interface. Dietary intake was measured using counts for twenty-one food groups and physical activity levels were measured in min of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). A combination of the mean difference between methods, type II regression and non-parametric limits of agreement techniques were used to examine the accuracy and precision of SNAPTM. Method comparison analyses demonstrated a good agreement for both dietary intake and physical activity behaviours. For dietary variables, accuracy of SNAPTM (mean difference) was within ± 1 count for the majority of food groups. The proportion of the sample with between-method agreement within ± 1 count ranged from 0·40 to 0·99. For min of MVPA, there was no substantial fixed or proportional bias, and a mean difference between methods (SNAPTM – accelerometry) of − 9 min. SNAPTM provides a quick, accurate, low-burden, cost-effective and engaging method of assessing energy balance behaviours at a population level. Tools such as SNAPTM, which exploit the popularity, privacy and engagement of the computer interface, and linkages with other datasets, could make a substantial contribution to future public health monitoring and research.

scholarly journals Whole-grain food consumption in Singaporean children aged 6–12 years

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia En Neo ◽  
Saihah Binte Mohamed Salleh ◽  
Yun Xuan Toh ◽  
Kesslyn Yan Ling How ◽  
Mervin Tee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Whole Grain

AbstractPublic health bodies in many countries are attempting to increase population-wide habitual consumption of whole grains. Limited data on dietary habits exist in Singaporean children. The present study therefore aimed to assess whole grain consumption patterns in Singaporean children and compare these with dietary intake, physical activity and health parameters. Dietary intake (assessed by duplicate, multipass, 24-h food recalls), physical activity (by questionnaire) and anthropometric measurements were collected from a cross-section of 561 Singaporean children aged 6–12 years. Intake of whole grains was evaluated using estimates of portion size and international food composition data. Only 38·3 % of participants reported consuming whole grains during the dietary data collection days. Median intake of whole grains in consumers was 15·3 (interquartile range 5·4–34·8) g/d. The most commonly consumed whole-grain food groups were rice (29·5 %), wholemeal bread (28·9 %) and ready-to-eat breakfast cereals (18·8 %). A significantly lower proportion of Malay children (seven out of fifty-eight; P < 0·0001) consumed whole grains than children of other ethnicities. Only 6 % of all children consumed the amount of whole grains most commonly associated with improved health outcomes (48 g/d). There was no relationship between whole grain consumption patterns and BMI, waist circumference or physical activity but higher whole grain intake was associated with increased fruit, vegetable and dairy product consumption (P < 0·001). These findings demonstrate that consumption of whole grain foods is low at a population level and infrequent in Singaporean children. Future drives to increase whole-grain food consumption in this population are likely to require input from multiple stakeholders.

scholarly journals Canadians’ Dietary Intake from 2007 to 2011 and across Different Sociodemographic/Lifestyle Factors Using the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycles 1 and 2

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Hosseini ◽  
Susan J. Whiting ◽  
Hassan Vatanparast
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Objective Health ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Canadian Health ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Canadian Health Measures Survey

Background. Nutrition is an important factor that impacts health, yet in Canada, there have been only a few surveys reflecting dietary intakes. The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) is a national survey that includes both food intake data as targeted questions and objective health measures. The aim of this research was to determine how food group intake data reported in CHMS is related to food group intakes from Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) (2004). A secondary objective was to examine the dietary status of Canadians across sociodemographic levels. Methods. The CHMS Cycles 1 and 2 food group intake data (meat and alternatives; milk products; grains; vegetables and fruits; dietary fat consumption; and beverages) of Canadians (6–79 years, n=11,387) were descriptively compared to previously reported intake of Canadians from CCHS 2.2 in 2004. Further, Canadians’ food intakes were assessed across sociodemographic characteristics. Results. The CHMS dietary intake data from vegetables and fruits and from milk products groups were similar to the dietary intake reported from CCHS 2.2. For the other food groups, the difference in intakes suggested CHMS data by FFQ were not complete. However, similar patterns in food intakes with regards to age/sex and income were observed in both surveys. Conclusion. Not all food groups measured in CHMS provide complete dietary intake data as compared to CCHS 2.2, yet CHMS food group intakes provide valuable information when it comes to evaluating dietary intake across different population groups.

scholarly journals Low dietary intake of magnesium is associated with increased externalising behaviours in adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1824-1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucinda J Black ◽  
Karina L Allen ◽  
Peter Jacoby ◽  
Gina S Trapp ◽  
Caroline M Gallagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behaviour Problems ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Externalising Behaviours

AbstractObjectiveAdequate Zn and Mg intakes may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of mental health problems, such as depression, anxiety and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. We aimed to investigate the prospective association between dietary intakes of Zn and Mg and internalising and externalising behaviour problems in a population-based cohort of adolescents.DesignProspective analysis (general linear mixed models) of dietary intakes of Zn and Mg assessed using a validated FFQ and mental health symptoms assessed using the Youth Self-Report (YSR), adjusting for sex, physical activity, family income, supplement status, dietary misreporting, BMI, family functioning and energy intake.SettingWestern Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study.SubjectsAdolescents (n 684) at the 14- and 17-year follow-ups.ResultsHigher dietary intake of Mg (per sd increase) was significantly associated with reduced externalising behaviours (β=−1·45; 95 % CI −2·40, −0·50; P=0·003). There was a trend towards reduced externalising behaviours with higher Zn intake (per sd increase; β=−0·73; 95 % CI −1·57, 0·10; P=0·085).ConclusionsThe study shows an association between higher dietary Mg intake and reduced externalising behaviour problems in adolescents. We observed a similar trend, although not statistically significant, for Zn intake. Randomised controlled trials are necessary to determine any benefit of micronutrient supplementation in the prevention and treatment of mental health problems in adolescents.

scholarly journals Dietary intakes and iron status of vegetarian and non-vegetarian children in selected communities in Accra and Cape Coast, Ghana

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (49) ◽  
pp. 5822-5842
Author(s):  
K Osei-Boadi ◽  
◽  
A Lartey ◽  
GS Marquis ◽  
EK Colecraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Recall

There is a scarcity of information on dietary intake and iron status of Ghanaian children raised on vegetarian diets. A cross-sectional study design was used to compare the diets and iron status of vegetarian children between the ages of 9 months and 11 years (n= 26) with matched controls, non-vegetarian children (n=26) of similar ages and same sex and living within the same communities in Accra and Cape Coast, Ghana. Dietary information was collected using 24-hr food recall and 12-hr home observation. Haemoglobin, plasma ferritin, C-reactive protein, and Transferrin Receptor (TfR) concentrations were determined on finger prick (haemoglobin) and venous blood samples collected during the study. Based on the 24-hr food recall, vegetarian children’s diets were devoid of vitamin B12whereas non-vegetarian children’s diets were not (0.0 ± 0.0 mg vs. 1.5 ± 1.8 mg, p<0.001). The dietary intake based on 12-hr home observation showed similar results. However, vegetarians had significantly higher intake of dietary fibre (17.1 ± 11.9 g vs. 8.4 ± 6.2 g, p= 0.002), thiamine (1.1 ± 0.8 mg vs. 0.5 ± 0.3 mg, p= 0.001) and vitamin A (1702 ± 1887 Retinol Equivalent (RE)vs. 671 ± 691 RE, p= 0.010) than non-vegetarian children. Dietary diversity based on nine food groups was similar between groups (5.8 ±1.0score). Plasma ferritin was higher for non-vegetarian children compared to the vegetarians (59.2± 48.2 ng/mL vs. 34.1± 25.8ng/ml, p= 0.012) but there was no group difference in plasma TfR. The prevalence of anaemia was about 25% in both groups. Typical diets of Ghanaian children lack variety and both vegetarian and nonvegetarian diets are insufficient to support adequate iron status. Iron-rich foods such as meat or supplements are needed. There is urgent need for immediate vitamin B12 supplementation for all vegetarian children and a general need for nutrition education to diversify all children’s diets.

scholarly journals Dairy food supplementation may reduce malnutrition risk in institutionalised elderly

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Iuliano ◽  
Shirley Poon ◽  
Xiaofang Wang ◽  
Minh Bui ◽  
Ego Seeman
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Robust Regression ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Dairy Foods

AbstractMalnutrition in institutionalised elderly increases morbidity and care costs. Meat and dairy foods are high-quality protein sources so adequate intakes may reduce malnutrition risk. We aimed to determine whether inadequate intakes of meat and dairy foods contribute to malnutrition in institutionalised elderly. This cross-sectional study involved 215 elderly residents (70·2 % females, mean age 85·8 years) from twenty-one aged-care facilities in Melbourne, Australia. Dietary intake was assessed using observed plate waste. Food groups and serving sizes were based on the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating. Nutrient content was analysed using a computerised nutrient analysis software (Xyris). Malnutrition risk was assessed using the Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA) tool; a score between 24 and 30 indicates normal nutritional status. Data were analysed using robust regression. Mean MNA score was 21·6 (sd 2·7). In total, 68 % of residents were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition (MNA score≤23·5). Protein intake was 87 (sd 28) % of the Australian recommended dietary intake (RDI). Consumption averaged 1 serving each of dairy foods and meat daily. Number of dairy and meat servings related to proportion of protein RDI (both P<0·001), with the former contributing 13 % and the latter 12 % to protein RDI. Number of dairy servings (P<0·001), but not meat servings increased MNA score; each dairy serving was associated with a 1 point increase in MNA score so based on current intakes, on average if residents consumed the recommend four dairy servings (addition of 3 points to MNA score) they would achieve normal nutrition status (>24 points). Provision of meat and dairy foods did not meet recommended levels. On the basis of current dietary intakes in aged-care residents, increasing consumption of dairy foods to the recommended four servings daily ensures protein adequacy and may reduce malnutrition risk in institutionalised elderly, and so reduce risk of comorbidities and costs associated with malnutrition.

scholarly journals Longitudinal trajectories and prevalence of meeting dietary guidelines during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J Christoph ◽  
Nicole I Larson ◽  
Megan R Winkler ◽  
Melanie M Wall ◽  
Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Adjusted Least Squares

ABSTRACT Background Establishing healthy dietary habits during adolescence and young adulthood is critical for long-term health. Objectives This study assessed the prevalence of meeting US Dietary Guidelines and trajectories in dietary intake for 4 MyPlate food groups during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. Methods Three waves of surveys and food frequency questionnaires were collected as part of Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults), a 15-y longitudinal study. Adolescents (n = 1177, 57% female, mean ± SD age 15.0 ± 1.5 y) were recruited in 1998–1999 in Minneapolis-St Paul, Minnesota public schools and were resurveyed twice in young adulthood at mean ± SD ages 25.3 ± 1.5 and 31.1 ± 1.5 y. The prevalence of meeting guidelines for each MyPlate food group was calculated at each time point. Mean daily servings were compared over 5 y in young adulthood through the use of paired t tests. Adjusted least-squares means were calculated to compare dietary intake in young adulthood across quartiles of adolescent intake. Results Adolescents had the highest prevalence of meeting dietary guidelines for fruit (37% for females and 30% for males) and dairy (53% for females and 61% for males); young adults >30 y had the highest prevalence of meeting dietary guidelines for vegetables (19% for females and 8% for males) and whole grains (23% for females and 17% for males). From the mid-twenties to early thirties, vegetable intake increased, whereas dairy intake decreased. Dietary intake generally tracked over time with individuals in the lower quartiles of intake at adolescence generally continuing to have low intake in young adulthood. Conclusions Although the prevalence of meeting dietary guidelines for whole grains and vegetables, and daily servings of vegetables increased with age, improving intake of whole fruit, whole grains, dairy, and vegetables remains key during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Foods: Human Exposure through the Diet in Catalonia, Spain

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2325-2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEMMA FALCÓ ◽  
JOSE L. DOMINGO ◽  
JUAN M. LLOBET ◽  
ANGEL TEIXIDÓ ◽  
CONRAD CASAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

The dietary intake of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, and indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene) by the general population of Catalonia, Spain, was calculated. Concentrations of PAHs in food samples randomly acquired in seven cities of Catalonia from June to August 2000 were measured. Eleven food groups were included in the study. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze PAHs. The dietary intakes of total and carcinogenic PAHs was calculated for five population groups: children, adolescents, male adults, female adults, and seniors. Among the analyzed PAHs, there was a predominance of phenanthrene (16.7 μg/kg) and pyrene (10.7 μg/kg). By food group, the highest levels of total PAHs were detected in cereals (14.5 μg/kg) and in meat and meat products (13.4 μg/kg). The mean estimated dietary intake of the sum of the 16 PAHs was as follows: male adults, 8.4 μg/day; adolescents, 8.2 μg/day; children, 7.4 μg/day; seniors, 6.3 μg/day; female adults, 6.3 μg/day. The calculated daily intake of PAHs would be associated with a 5/106 increase in the risk for the development of cancer in a male adult with a body weight of 70 kg.

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