scholarly journals Nut consumption and incidence of cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular disease mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 691-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nerea Becerra-Tomás ◽  
Indira Paz-Graniel ◽  
Cyril W.C. Kendall ◽  
Hana Kahleova ◽  
Dario Rahelić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Grade System ◽  
Pool Data ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Stroke Incidence

Abstract Context Previous meta-analyses evaluating the association between nut consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) had substantial methodological limitations and lacked recently published large prospective studies; hence, making an updated meta-analysis highly desirable. Objective To update the clinical guidelines for nutrition therapy in relation to the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies was conducted using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to summarize the evidence of the association between total nuts, specific types of nuts, and the incidence of, and mortality from, CVD outcomes. Data sources Relevant articles were identified by searching the PubMed and Cochrane databases. Data extraction Two independent researchers screened the articles to identify those that met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis The inverse variance method with fixed-effect or random-effects models was used to pool data across studies (expressed as risk ratio [RR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Heterogeneity was tested and quantified using the Cochrane Q test and I2-statistic, respectively. The GRADE system was used to assess the quality of the evidence. Results Nineteen studies were included in the analyses. The results revealed an inverse association between total nut consumption (comparing highest vs lowest categories) and CVD incidence (RR, 0.85; 95%CI, 0.800.91; I2, 0%), CVD mortality (RR, 0.77; 95%CI, 0.72–0.82; I2, 3%), coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence (RR, 0.82; 95%CI, 0.69–0.96; I2, 74%), CHD mortality (RR, 0.76; 95%CI, 0.67–0.86; I2, 46%), stroke mortality (RR, 0.83; 95%CI, 0.75–0.93; I2, 0%), and atrial fibrillation (RR, 0.85; 95%CI, 0.73–0.99; I2, 0%). No association was observed with stroke incidence and heart failure. The certainty of the evidence ranged from moderate to very low. Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a beneficial role of nut consumption in reducing the incidence of, and mortality from, different CVD outcomes.

Abstract P264: Circulating and Dietary Magnesium and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana C Del Gobbo ◽  
Fumiaki Imamura ◽  
Jason H Wu ◽  
Marcia C de Oliviera Otto ◽  
Stephanie E Chiuve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Dietary Magnesium ◽  
Non Linear

Background: Clinical hypomagnesemia and experimental dietary magnesium (Mg) restriction diets are associated with cardiac arrhythmias. Relationships between circulating or dietary Mg at usual concentrations or intakes and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including fatal coronary heart disease (CHD), are not well established. Objective: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize all available evidence from prospective studies on the associations between circulating and dietary Mg intake with incidence of total CVD, total CHD, and fatal CHD. Methods: Multiple literature databases and grey literature were systematically searched without language restriction from the earliest online index date to May 2012 for all prospective cohort or nested case-control studies examining the association of circulating or dietary Mg intake with incident total CVD, total CHD and fatal CHD. Two investigators evaluated full text articles for inclusion/exclusion and extracted data, independently and in duplicate. Linear dose-response relationships were assessed using generalized least-squares trend estimation, with pooled RR’s determined using fixed-effects or random-effects in the presence of heterogeneity (I2>30%). Potential non-linear associations were assessed using restricted cubic splines. Prespecified sources of heterogeneity were explored using meta-regression. Publication bias was assessed using formal statistical testing and visual inspection of funnel plots. Results: Of 2,303 abstracts reviewed, 16 studies met eligibility criteria, comprising 761,742 individuals and 11,995 total CVD, 7,534 total CHD, and 2,686 fatal CHD events. In pooled analyses, circulating Mg (per 0.2mmol/L increment) was associated with a 30% lower risk of total CVD (RR=0.70, 95% CI=0.56-0.88; I2=50%) and trends towards lower risk of total CHD (RR=0.83, 95% CI=0.75-1.05; I2=47%) and fatal CHD (RR=0.61, 95% CI=0.37-1.00; I2=80%). Dietary Mg (per 200mg/day increment) was not significantly associated with total CVD (RR=0.89, 95% CI=0.75-1.05; I2=67%), but was associated with a 22% lower risk of total CHD (RR=0.78, 95% CI=0.67-0.92; I2=44%). The association between dietary Mg and fatal CHD was non-linear (p<0.0001), with an inverse association observed up to a threshold of ~250 mg/day (compared to lower intakes, RR=0.73, 95% CI=0.62-0.86). Funnel plot asymmetry was evident for the association between circulating Mg and total CVD, explained by heterogeneity due to stronger associations (p=0.02) in studies including participants with prevalent CVD at baseline and evaluating fatal CHD. Conclusions: Circulating Mg and dietary Mg intake are associated with lower risk of CVD, in particular fatal CHD. These findings support the need for randomized clinical trials and experimental studies to evaluate the possible role of Mg in the prevention of CVD and CHD death.

scholarly journals Metabolically healthy obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e032742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simiao Tian ◽  
Yazhuo Liu ◽  
Ao Feng ◽  
Keli Lou ◽  
Huimin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Total Cancer ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

IntroductionMetabolically healthy obese phenotype (MHO) refers to obese individuals with an adequate metabolic profile and absence of metabolic syndrome. Many prospective studies have reported the benign condition relating the MHO phenotype and its potential role in reducing risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. However, inconsistent results were found and the question remains controversial. We aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the associations these associations from relevant prospective studies.Methods and analysisThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols 2015 statement was used to prepare this protocol. MEDLINE, Web of Science databases, EMBASE and Cochrane Database will be used for literature search from their inception up to December 2019 with restriction of published studies in English. Published prospective studies reporting adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates for the association between MHO phenotype and cardiovascular disease, total cancer, all-cause or cause-specific mortality will be included. The process of study screening, selection and data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers, and the risk of bias for the studies included will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. HRs or RRs for disease events and mortality with 95% CIs will be considered as primary outcomes, and summary HRs/RRs will be pooled using random-effects models. The Cochrane’s Q and the I2statistics will be used to assess and quantify heterogeneity, respectively. Subgroup analysis will also be carried out according to study characteristics to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity.Ethics and disseminationAs this meta-analysis is performed based on the published studies, no ethical approval and patient safety considerations are required. The findings of the study will be reported and submitted to a peer-reviewed journals for publication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019121766.

scholarly journals Biomarkers of Vascular Injury and Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study, Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pletsch-Borba ◽  
Cora Watzinger ◽  
Renée Turzanski Fortner ◽  
Verena Katzke ◽  
Lukas Schwingshackl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vascular Injury ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
A Prospective Study

Data on biomarkers of vascular injury and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk from prospective studies are lacking. We evaluated seven biomarkers of vascular injury in relation to T2D. Additionally, a meta-analysis was performed. From the EPIC–Heidelberg cohort, 2224 participants were followed-up from baseline for 16 (median) years. E-Selectin, P-Selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM3), thrombomodulin, thrombopoietin, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and fibrinogen levels were measured in baseline blood samples. The systematic review and meta-analysis included prospective studies identified through MEDLINE and Web of Science that investigated the association between mentioned biomarkers and T2D. The study population included 55% women, median age was 50 years, and 163 developed T2D. ICAM3 was associated with lower T2D risk (fully adjusted HRhighest vs. lowest tertile 0.62 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.91)), but no other studies on ICAM3 were identified. Overall, fifteen studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis (6,171 cases). E-Selectin was associated with higher T2D risk HRper SD: 1.34 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.54; I2 = 63%, n = 9 studies), while thrombomodulin was associated with lower risk HRper SD: 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.95; I2 = 0%, n = 2 studies). In the EPIC–Heidelberg, ICAM3 was associated with lower T2D risk. The meta-analysis showed a consistent positive association between E-Selectin and T2D. It was also suggestive of an inverse association between thrombomodulin and T2D, although further studies are needed to corroborate this finding.

Endogenous oestradiol and cardiovascular disease in healthy men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Heart ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 98 (20) ◽  
pp. 1478-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Vandenplas ◽  
Dirk De Bacquer ◽  
Patrick Calders ◽  
Tom Fiers ◽  
Jean-Marc Kaufman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Men

scholarly journals Local anaesthetics combined with vasoconstrictors in patients with cardiovascular disease undergoing dental procedures: systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e014611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio Chaves Guimaraes ◽  
Rogério Heládio Lopes Motta ◽  
Cristiane de Cássia Bergamaschi ◽  
Jimmy de Oliveira Araújo ◽  
Natalia Karol de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Local Anaesthetics ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Registration Number

IntroductionThe use of vasoconstrictors combined with local anaesthetics (LAs) in dentistry for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still controversial in the scientific literature. It raises concerns regarding the possibility of transient episodes, triggering negative cardiovascular outcomes.Method/designTrials eligible for our systematic review will enrol patients with CVD who have undergone dental treatments carried out with the use of LAs by comparing two arms: LAs with vasoconstrictors and LAs without vasoconstrictors. The research will be conducted in the electronic databases, namely Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, Healthstar (via Ovid), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Web of Science, from their inception to December 2017, without any restrictions in terms of language and status of publication. A team of reviewers will independently assess titles, abstracts and complete text to determine eligibility. For eligible studies, the same reviewers will perform data extraction and evaluate the risk of bias in the selected articles. The selected outcomes comprise death, mortality by a specific cause, stroke, acute myocardial infarction, hospitalisation, pain, bleeding, arrhythmias, ischaemic episodes, anxiety, adverse effects, changes in blood pressure, changes in heart rate, anxiety and results obtained via oximetry. Whenever possible, we will conduct a meta-analysis to establish the effects of LAs with and without vasoconstrictors in the patients with CVD, and the overall quality of evidence for each outcome will be determined using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation classification system.Ethics and disseminationEthics committee approval was not necessary because this is a protocol of systematic review. This systematic review will be submitted for presentation at conferences and for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Our review will assess the risks of cardiovascular events when using LAs with and without vasoconstrictors in patients with CVD, focusing on important clinical outcomes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016045421.

Dietary patterns and depression risk in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Yu Wu ◽  
Kuei-Min Chen ◽  
Frank Belcastro
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Depression Risk ◽  
Study Heterogeneity ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Context Diet may be one of the modifiable environmental factors that could reduce depressive symptoms or abate the development of depression without side effects. However, previous reviews mainly focused on general adult populations. Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the association between healthy dietary patterns and depression risk in older adults. Data Sources Eight databases were searched up to September 2019. The inclusion criteria were older adults aged ≥ 65 years, healthy dietary patterns, depression assessed by a physician or by validated screening tools, and quantitative study design. Data Extraction Data were extracted independently by 2 researchers, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guideline was followed. Data Analysis Meta-analysis was conducted by calculating the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% CIs. A total of 18 eligible studies were meta-analyzed. Results showed that a healthy dietary pattern is associated with a reduced risk of depression in older adults (OR, 0.85; 95%CI, 0.78–0.92; P &lt; 0.001). There was high heterogeneity (I2 = 64.9%; P &lt; 0.001) among the studies. Subgroup analyses indicated that sample size and depression screening tools were the main sources of study heterogeneity. Conclusions An inverse association between healthy dietary patterns and depression risk in older adults was found. However, the high heterogeneity among the studies should be considered. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD 42020169195.

Dietary phytoestrogens and biomarkers of their intake in relation to cancer survival and recurrence: a comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Micek ◽  
Justyna Godos ◽  
Tomasz Brzostek ◽  
Agnieszka Gniadek ◽  
Claudia Favari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Blood Biomarkers ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival

Abstract Context Recent studies have outlined the potential role of dietary factors in patients who have survived cancer. Objective The aim of this study was to summarize the evidence of the relation between dietary intake of phytoestrogens and their blood biomarkers and, overall, cancer-specific mortality and recurrence in patients with cancer. Data Sources A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases of studies published up to September 2019 was performed. Databases were searched for prospective and retrospective cohort studies reporting on dietary phytoestrogen intake and/or blood biomarkers and the outcomes investigated. Data extraction Data were extracted from each identified study using a standardized form. Data analysis Twenty-eight articles on breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer, and glioma were included for systematic review. Given the availability of studies, a quantitative meta-analysis was performed solely for breast cancer outcomes. A significant inverse association among higher dietary isoflavone intake, higher serum/plasma enterolactone concentrations, and overall mortality and cancer recurrence was found. Among other cancer types, 2 studies reported that higher serum enterolactone and higher intake of lignans were associated with cancer-specific survival for colorectal cancer and glioma, respectively. Conclusions Dietary phytoestrogens may play a role in survival from breast cancer ; evidence regarding other cancers is too limited to draw any conclusions.

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