The Cigarette Smoking Initiation and Continuation in Adolescents Undergoing a Long-Term Behavioral Intervention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasti Masihay-Akbar ◽  
Parisa Amiri ◽  
Leila Cheraghi ◽  
Amir Abbas Momenan ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Abstract Introduction Targeting adolescents’ smoking reduces its burden on health systems. We investigated the effects of the first multidisciplinary community-based lifestyle intervention in the Eastern Mediterranean region, on smoking initiation, continuation, and risk of current smoking in Iranian adolescents. Methods The current analyses were conducted on 945 nonsmoker adolescents (12–18 years) who participated in Phase II of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) and were examined four times in 12 years. The lifestyle intervention including school-based and public programs was implemented, focusing on all components of healthy lifestyle. Using a two-step cluster analysis, families were classified as high and low risk, based on parental risk factors of adolescents’ smoking. Participants who failed to complete all the follow-ups (n = 99) and those with missing smoking data were excluded. Subsequently, 872 adolescents (538 control, 334 intervention) were included in the Cox model on smoking initiation, and 674 adolescents (414 control, 260 intervention) were included in the logistic regression on smoking status. Results Mean age of adolescents was 15.08 ± 1.94 years at baseline. The hazard of the smoking initiation was significantly lower in the intervention (hazard ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.51–0.99; p = .044) compared with control group. At the end of the fourth follow-up, intervention reduced the odds of current cigarette smoking by 29%. Within the intervention group, the high-risk cluster was at a 35% lower risk of initiating smoking and had 37% lower odds of becoming a current smoker. However, the intervention could not make a difference in preventing those who initiated smoking from maintaining it during the follow-ups. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that lifestyle modification programs targeting at-risk populations could reduce risk of smoking initiation and current smoking in adolescents in long term. Implications Experiencing cigarette smoking at the critical period of adolescence could result in adulthood habitual smoking. Therefore, identifying adolescents who are more at risk of smoking initiation and implementing targeted interventions are of great importance in public health. Our findings highlight the long-term effectiveness of a multidisciplinary community-based behavioral intervention on forming smoking behaviors in adolescents. The current intervention was successful in reducing smoking uptake in adolescents living in high-risk families.

scholarly journals Long-term effectiveness of a community-based lifestyle intervention on smoking behaviors in adults: novel findings from Middle-East

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasti Masihay-Akbar ◽  
Parisa Amiri ◽  
Leila Cheraghi ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Hookah Smoking

Abstract Introductionwe investigated the long-term effects of a community-based lifestyle intervention on cigarette smoking and intensity, hookah, and passive smoking in a Middle-Eastern population.MethodsWe used data of adult participans of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), (10368 individuals). After excluding those with missings and lost-to-follow-ups, 4915 individials underwent triennial follow-ups for 15.8 years and 1322 received intervention. The smoking status (cigarette, hookah, passive and cigarette intensity) were compared between control and intervention using the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE).ResultsIntervention reduced the odds of cigarette smoking in men by 27% (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.56–0.96; P = 0.03). Estimated mean cigarettes/day was 1.58 lower in men in intervention group. The intervention had short-term positive effects on mens’ hookah smoking at 2nd follow up (coefficient = -0.54, 95% CI= -0.94,-0.14; P = 0.008). The effect was not significant at long-term (P > 0.05). women in intervention group were 38% less likely to smoke cigarette or hookah (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.42–0.91; P = 0.016) and had 33% lower odds of secondhand-smoke exposure (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.54–0.84; P = 0.001).ConclusionsA community-based lifestyle intervention have long-term effects in reducing cigarette smoking and intensity in men, along with tobacco and passive smoking in women. It could affect mens’ hookah smoking only in short-term.

scholarly journals The Long-term Effectiveness of a Community-based Lifestyle Intervention on Tobacco-related Habits in Adolescent Boys and Girls: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasti Masihay-Akbar ◽  
Parisa Amiri ◽  
Marjan Rezaei ◽  
Sara Jalali-Farahani ◽  
Leila Cheraghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Intervention Area ◽  
Parental Data ◽  
Hookah Smoking

Abstract Background: To assess the long-term effectiveness of a community-based intervention on cigarette, passive, and hookah smoking in adolescent boys and girls. Methods: 1159 adolescents who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) between 2001 and 2004 were followed for 12 years (every-three-year follow-ups). Participants in the intervention area received lifestyle interventions in the settings of family, schools, and community. After excluding those with missing baseline parental data (n=66), complete parental data of 1093 adolescents was used for cluster analysis, and families were classified as low- and high-risk. Afterward, 296 individuals who did not complete intervention/follow-ups were excluded. The GEE analysis was performed on 797 adolescents (369 boys) to assess the intervention effect on tobacco-related habits; 605 and 192 resided in the control and intervention area, respectively.Results: Mean age of adolescents was 15.21±1.95 years at baseline. Adolescents living in high-risk families were more at risk of cigarette, passive, and hookah smoking. The intervention decreased the odds of cigarette and passive smoking by 38% and 57%, respectively. The intervention was not successful in reducing the risk of hookah smoking in adolescents. After sex-specific analysis, the intervention reduced the risk of current cigarette smoking by 40% only in boys and passive smoking in both sexes.Conclusions: Targeting lifestyle behaviors in adolescents and their families in a community setting reduces cigarette smoking in school-aged boys and protects both sexes from secondhand smoke; findings that could be valuable for designing future health promotion interventions focusing on adolescents smoking.Trial registration: This study is registered at Iran Registry for Clinical Trials (IRCT), a WHO primary registry (http://irct.ir). The registry date is 29/10/2008; (IRCTID: IRCT138705301058N1).

Long-Term Lifestyle Intervention in Elderly With Metabolic Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 658-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Hung Chang ◽  
Nai-Hui Chien ◽  
Ching-Yi Yu
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Community Based

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a long-term community-based lifestyle intervention on the biochemical indicators and prevalence of metabolic syndrome among elderly adults. This was a randomized controlled trial in northern Taiwan from August 2013 to February 2015. Sixty-nine elderly adults participated in this study. There were three measurements. The experimental group participated in exercise and diet interventions. The control group participated in the exercise intervention. Repeated measurement and ANCOVA were performed to evaluate the effectiveness. After 18 months, body weight (1.06 kg), body mass index (1.21 kg/m2), waist circumference (3.32 cm), blood pressure, and prevalence (30.4%) of metabolic syndrome were significantly reduced in all subjects. There were significant differences in waist circumference and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol between the two groups. This intervention can lower the indicators and prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Exercise and diet interventions could promote further metabolic changes.

Adolescents at ultra-high risk for psychosis: Long-term outcome of individuals who recover from their at-risk state

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. de Wit ◽  
P.F. Schothorst ◽  
B. Oranje ◽  
T.B. Ziermans ◽  
S. Durston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Ultra High Risk

scholarly journals Associations between social network properties and metabolic syndrome and the mediating effect of physical activity: findings from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001272
Author(s):  
Kwanghyun Kim ◽  
Sun Jae Jung ◽  
Jong Min Baek ◽  
Hyeon Woo Yim ◽  
Hyunsuk Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Network Properties

IntroductionSocial isolation and loneliness are positively associated with metabolic syndrome. However, the mechanisms by which social isolation affects metabolic syndrome are not well understood.Research design and methodsThis study was designed as a cross-sectional study of baseline results from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) Cohort. We included 10 103 participants (8097 community-based low-risk participants, 2006 hospital-based high-risk participants) from the CMERC Cohort. Participants aged 65 years or older were excluded. Multiple imputation by chained equations was applied to impute missing variables. The quantitative properties of social networks were assessed by measuring the ‘size of social networks’; qualitative properties were assessed by measuring the ‘social network closeness’. Metabolic syndrome was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess association between social network properties and metabolic syndrome. The mediating effects of physical inactiveness, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms were estimated. Age-specific effect sizes were estimated for each subgroup.ResultsA smaller social network was positively associated with higher prevalences of metabolic syndrome in all subgroups, except the high-risk male subgroup. There was no clear association between social network closeness and metabolic syndrome. In community-based participants, an indirect effect through physical activity was detected in both sexes; however, in hospital-based participants, no indirect effects were detected. Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and depression did not mediate the association. Age-specific estimates showed that the indirect effect through physical activity had a greater impact in older participants.ConclusionsA smaller social network is positively associated with metabolic syndrome. This trend could be partially explained by physical inactivity, especially in older individuals.

Long-term effects of a community-based lifestyle intervention to prevent type 2 diabetes: the DEPLOY extension pilot study

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald T Ackermann ◽  
Emily A Finch ◽  
Helena M Caffrey ◽  
Elaine R Lipscomb ◽  
Laura M Hays ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Community Based

scholarly journals Long-Term Recidivism of Mentally Disordered Offenders Considered “Dangerous to the Public” in Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Schaffner ◽  
Michael Weber ◽  
Tanya Kochuparackal ◽  
Marc Graf ◽  
Henning Hachtel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Recidivism Rate ◽  
Criminal Records ◽  
Recidivism Rates ◽  
The Public ◽  
Treatment Status ◽  
High Risk Cohort

Objectives: The commissions for risk assessment of offenders dangerous to the public were established in 1995 in Switzerland. The main goal was to reduce recidivism of offenders released into the community by means of identifying high-risk offenders and recommending measures for offender management. This study investigates long-term recidivism data of this high-risk cohort of offenders.Methods: Baseline data included risk assessment of one of the commissions, the type of index offense, and psychiatric disorders according to ICD-10 for the total cohort of offenders examined by the commissions between 1995 and 2009. Criminal records were drawn in 2019 for all offenders from the Swiss Federal Office of Justice.Results: From a total of 147 offenders 35 recidivated within a median time at risk of 9.1 years (31.8%), of which 10 (9.1%) recommitted a severe offense. Within the treatment status, sentences (imprisonment and preventive detention) were compared to court-ordered measures (in- or outpatient court ordered treatment, civil court mandated treatment, vocational training facility). There were no significant differences comparing treatment status, different diagnostic groups, type of index offense and other risk factors. Except of age at release (or relapse), which predicted recidivism with younger subjects showing higher recidivism rates (p = 0.014).Conclusion: Our study showed that over a long-term time at risk this high-risk cohort showed a similar recidivism rate as many other studies with different cohorts. With appropriate management recidivism rates in high-risk offenders can be lowered allowing them being consecutively reintegrated into society. The finding that younger subjects have higher recidivism rate was reproduced in this population.

scholarly journals A Tool to Identify Adolescents at Risk of Cigarette Smoking Initiation

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. e20173701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pierre Sylvestre ◽  
Nancy Hanusaik ◽  
David Berger ◽  
Erika Dugas ◽  
Lori Pbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Initiation

scholarly journals Vulnerability to psychosocial disability in psychosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Griffiths ◽  
S. J. Wood ◽  
M. Birchwood
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Young People ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Psychosocial Disability ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractPsychosocial disability affects a number of individuals with psychosis and often begins years before the formal onset of disorder. This suggests that for many, their psychosocial disability is enduring, and targeted interventions are therefore needed earlier in their developmental trajectories to ensure that psychosocial disability does not become entrenched. Poor psychosocial functioning also affects individuals with a range of different emerging mental health problems, putting these young people at risk of long-term social marginalisation and economic disadvantage; all of which are known risk factors for the development of psychosis. Identification of the markers of poor psychosocial functioning will help to inform effective treatments. This editorial will discern the early trajectories and markers of poor psychosocial outcome in psychosis, and highlight which individuals are most at risk of having a poor outcome. This editorial will also discuss whether early interventions are currently being targeted appropriately and will propose how intervention and preventative strategies can be implemented, to restore psychosocial trajectories in a way that enables young people to maximise their life chances.

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