scholarly journals Smoking and Quitting Behavior by Sexual Orientation: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Adults in England

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Jackson ◽  
Jamie Brown ◽  
Igor Grabovac ◽  
Hazel Cheeseman ◽  
Ciaran Osborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Bisexual Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
And Bisexual

Abstract Objective To assess associations between sexual orientation and smoking and quitting behavior among adults in England. Methods Data were collected from 112 537 adults (≥16 years) participating in a nationally representative monthly cross-sectional survey between July 2013 and February 2019. Sexual orientation was self-reported as heterosexual, bisexual, lesbian/gay, or prefer-not-to-say. Main outcomes were smoking status, e-cigarette use, cigarettes per day, time to first cigarette, motivation to stop smoking, motives for quitting, use of cessation support, and past-year quit attempts. Associations were analyzed separately for men and women using multivariable regression models adjusted for relevant covariates. Results Smoking prevalence is now similar between gay (21.6%), prefer-not-to-say (20.5%) and heterosexual men (20.0%), and lesbian (18.3%) and heterosexual women (16.9%), but remains higher among bisexual men (28.2%, adjusted odds ratio [ORadj] = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11 to 1.79) and bisexual women (29.8%, ORadj = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.33 to 2.03) and lower among prefer-not-to-say women (14.5%, ORadj = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.72 to 0.99). Among smokers, bisexuals were less addicted than heterosexuals, with bisexual men smoking fewer cigarettes per day (Badj = −2.41, 95% CI = −4.06 to −0.75) and bisexual women less likely to start smoking within 30 min of waking (ORadj = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.45 to 0.95) than heterosexuals. However, motivation to stop smoking and quit attempts did not differ significantly. Conclusions In England, differences in smoking prevalence among people with different sexual orientations have narrowed, primarily driven by a larger decline in smoking rates among sexual minority groups than heterosexuals. Bisexual men and women remain more likely to smoke but have lower levels of addiction while being no less likely to try to quit. Implications This population-based study provides an up-to-date picture of smoking and quitting behavior in relation to sexual orientation among adults in England. Findings suggest that widely documented disparities in smoking prevalence have narrowed over recent years, with gay men and lesbian women no longer significantly more likely to smoke than heterosexuals, although smoking remains more common among bisexual men and women. Insights into differences in level of addiction, use of cessation support, and motives for quitting may help inform the development of targeted interventions to further reduce smoking among sexual minority groups.

The association between sexual orientation and screening of prevalent gender-specific cancers.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 198-198
Author(s):  
Michael Joseph Herriges ◽  
Ruben Pinkhasov ◽  
Keren Lehavot ◽  
Oleg Shapiro ◽  
Joseph M Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Screening And Diagnosis

198 Background: Data on heterogeneity in cancer screening and diagnosis rates among sexual minorities (SMs) is lacking. Recent studies have shown SMs are more likely to engage in risky health behavior and have decreased healthcare utilization. However, few studies have examined how sexual orientation impacts cancer screening and prevalence. We therefore investigated whether sexual orientation affects prevalent gender-specific cancer including prostate (PCa), breast (BC), and cervical cancer (CC). Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey-based US study, including men and women aged 18+ from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) database (part of the National Cancer Institute’s division of cancer control and population sciences) between 2017-2019. The primary endpoint was individual-reported PCa, BC, and CC screening and prevalence rates among heterosexuals and homosexuals/bisexuals. Multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed association of various covariates with undergoing screening and diagnosis of these cancers. Results: Overall, 4,441 and 6,333 heterosexual men and women, respectively, were compared to 225 and 213 homosexual/bisexual men and women, respectively. Homosexuals/bisexuals were younger and less likely to be screened for PCa (34.7% vs 41.3%, p=0.013), BC (54.5% vs 80.7%, p=<0.001), and CC (88.3% vs 95.4%, p=<0.001). While rates of PCa and BC diagnosis were similar, more than twice as many homosexual/bisexual women were diagnosed with CC (4.2% vs 1.9%, p=0.023). Multivariable logistic regression models (Table) showed homosexuals/bisexuals were less likely to be screened for cancer with ORs of 0.61 (95% CI 0.39-0.95) for PCa, 0.52 (95% CI 0.30-0.92) for BC, and 0.21 (95% CI 0.09-0.46) for CC. Homosexuals/bisexuals were more likely to be diagnosed with any cancer with ORs of 1.64 (95% CI 1.06-2.54) in women only and 1.50 (95% CI 1.11-2.03) in men and women combined. Conclusions: Homosexuals/bisexuals in the US may be less likely to undergo screening of gender-specific prevalent malignancies, including PCa, BC, and CC. The implementation of cancer screening among SMs should be improved. [Table: see text]

The association of sexual orientation with cancer screening and diagnosis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6506-6506
Author(s):  
Michael Joseph Herriges ◽  
Ruben Pinkhasov ◽  
Keren Lehavot ◽  
Oleg Shapiro ◽  
Joseph M Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
Screening And Diagnosis

6506 Background: Data on heterogeneity in cancer screening and diagnosis rates among sexual minorities (SMs) is lacking. Recent studies have shown SMs are more likely to engage in risky health behavior and have decreased healthcare utilization compared to heterosexual counterparts. However, few studies have examined how sexual orientation (SO) impacts cancer screening and prevalence. We therefore investigated whether SO affects prevalent gender-specific cancer screening and prevalence, including prostate (PCa), breast (BC), and cervical cancer (CC). Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey-based US study, including men and women aged 18+ from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) database (part of the National Cancer Institute’s division of cancer control and population sciences) between 2017-2019. The primary endpoint was individual-reported PCa, BC, and CC screening and prevalence rates among heterosexual and SM men and women. Multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed association of various covariates with undergoing screening and diagnosis of these cancers. Results: Overall, 4,441 (95.18%) men and 6,333 (96.75%) women reported a SO of heterosexual whereas 167 (3.6%) and 58 (1.2%) men and 105 (1.6%) and 108 (1.6%) women reported a SO of gay and bisexual, respectively. Mean age was higher in the heterosexual group compared to the gay and bisexual groups in both men (57.7 [±16.0] vs. 52.4 [±14.5] and 51.9 [±18.0] years, p = < 0.001) and women (56.2 [±16.7] vs. 49.0 [±17.1] and 40.0 [±14.8] years, p = < 0.001). Homosexuals and bisexuals were less likely to be screened for PCa (30.53% and 27.58% vs 41.27%, p = < 0.001), BC (63.81% and 45.37% vs 80.74%, p = < 0.001), and CC (90.48% and 86.11% vs 95.36%, p = < 0.001) than their heterosexual counterparts. While rates of PCa and BC diagnoses were similar across SO, more homosexual and bisexual women were diagnosed with CC compared to their heterosexual counterparts (4.76% and 3.70% vs 1.85%, p = 0.039). Multivariable logistic regression models showed that SMs were less likely to be screened for cancer with ORs of 0.61 (95% CI 0.39-0.95, p = 0.030) for PCa, 0.52 (95% CI 0.30-0.92, p = 0.025) for BC, and 0.21 (95% CI 0.09-0.46, p = < 0.001) for CC. Although multivariable models did not show that SMs were more likely to be diagnosed with PC, BC, or CC, SMs were more likely to be diagnosed with any cancer with ORs of 1.64 (95% CI 1.06-2.54, p = 0.026) in women only and 1.50 (95% CI 1.11-2.03, p = 0.009) in men and women combined. Conclusions: These data suggest that in addition to other established and known specific socio-economic risk factors, SMs may be less likely to undergo screening of prevalent malignancies such as PCa, BC, and CC. This provides more evidence of ongoing healthcare inequality, urging our healthcare system to invest more in cancer screening of this vulnerable population.

Association Between Overt and Subtle Experiences of Discrimination and Violence and Mental Health in Homosexual and Bisexual Men in Mexico

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626051989842
Author(s):  
Juan C. Mendoza-Perez ◽  
Luis Ortiz-Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Gender Nonconformity ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Bisexual

The aim of this study was to determine whether the experiences of direct or subtle forms of discrimination and violence are associated with mental health in Mexican gay, homosexual, and bisexual (GHB) men. A cross-sectional survey was conducted online; the sample consisted of 4,827 GHB men. Ten forms of overt and subtle sexual orientation–based discrimination and violence (SO-DV) were assessed. Linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between SO-DV experiences and mental health outcomes. Physical violence was reported less frequently than the other forms of SO-DV. As the number of settings in which SO-DV were experienced increased, a stronger association with negative mental health outcomes was observed. Experiences of subtle SO-DV were associated with increased distress, lower vitality, and increased risk of suicidal ideation. Disapproval of gender nonconformity was associated with negative mental health outcomes independently of violence based on sexual orientation. Subtle forms of SO-DV are more common than direct and overt forms. Both types of SO-DV could negatively affect mental health. Studies investigating these negative experiences are required to gain an understanding of the health inequalities faced by non-heterosexual populations.

The Nexus of Sexual Orientation and Gender in the Determination of Earnings

ILR Review ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Blandford
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Gay And Bisexual Men ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Bisexual Women ◽  
Unobserved Effects ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
And Gender

This analysis of 1989–96 General Social Survey data reveals how sexual orientation and gender jointly influence earnings outcomes. Gay and bisexual men experienced a 30–32% income disadvantage relative to heterosexual peers, while lesbian and bisexual women enjoyed a wage premium of 17–23%. The disparate earnings effects of sexual orientation across genders suggest that workplace discrimination may be only one factor accounting for measured wage differentials associated with sexual orientation. These findings qualify pioneering work on the subject that indicated that wage differentials were attributable largely to employer bias. A further analysis that distinguishes the separate effects of gender, marital status, and sexual orientation suggests that differentials long attributed to marital status may in part reflect previously unobserved effects of sexual orientation.

scholarly journals Well-Being Among Older Gay and Bisexual Men and Women in England: A Cross-sectional Population Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1080-1085.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Grabovac ◽  
Lee Smith ◽  
Daragh T. McDermott ◽  
Sinisa Stefanac ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gay And Bisexual Men ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Bisexual

scholarly journals The association of sexual orientation with prostate, breast, and cervical cancer screening and diagnosis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (28_suppl) ◽  
pp. 129-129
Author(s):  
Michael Joseph Herriges ◽  
Ruben Pinkhasov ◽  
Keren Lehavot ◽  
Oleg Shapiro ◽  
Joseph M Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Gay And Bisexual Men ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Breast And Cervical Cancer ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
Screening And Diagnosis

129 Background: Data on heterogeneity in cancer screening and diagnosis rates among lesbians/gays and bisexuals is lacking. Recent studies showed that lesbians/gays and bisexuals have decreased healthcare utilization compared to heterosexual counterparts and continue to experience discrimination in healthcare. Few studies have examined how sexual orientation impacts cancer screening and prevalence. We, therefore, investigated the association between sexual orientation and prevalent sex-specific cancer including prostate, breast, and cervical cancer. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey-based US study, including men and women aged 18+ from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) database between 2017-2019. The primary endpoint was individual-reported prostate, breast, and cervical cancer screening and prevalence rates among heterosexual and LGB men and women. Multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed association of various covariates with undergoing screening and diagnosis of these cancers. Results: Overall, 4,441 and 6,333 heterosexual men and women, respectively, were compared to 225 and 213 lesbian/gay and bisexual men and women, respectively. Lesbians/gays and bisexuals were younger and less likely to be screened for prostate, breast, and cervical cancer than heterosexuals. A higher proportion of heterosexual women than lesbian and bisexual women were screened for cervical cancer with pap smears (95.36% vs. 90.48% and 86.11%, p = < 0.001) and breast cancer with mammograms (80.74% vs. 63.81% and 45.37%, p = < 0.001). Similarly, a higher proportion of heterosexual men than gay and bisexual men were screened for prostate cancer with PSA blood tests (41.27% vs. 30.53% and 27.58%, p = < 0.001). Conclusions: Lesbians/gays and bisexuals in the US may be less likely to undergo screening of sex-specific prevalent malignancies, including prostate, breast, and cervical cancer. Healthcare professionals should be encouraged to improve cancer screening among lesbians/gays and bisexuals.

Gender Nonconformity and Minority Stress Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals: A Meta-Analytic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162096876
Author(s):  
Brian C. Thoma ◽  
Kristen L. Eckstrand ◽  
Gerald T. Montano ◽  
Taylor L. Rezeppa ◽  
Michael P. Marshal
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Gay And Bisexual Men ◽  
Gender Nonconformity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Bisexual Women ◽  
Sexual Orientation Identity ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
And Bisexual

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals are less healthy than heterosexual individuals, and minority stress endured by LGB individuals contributes to these health disparities. However, within-groups differences in minority stress experiences among LGB individuals remain underexplored. Individuals are more likely to be categorized as LGB if they exhibit gender nonconformity, so gender nonconformity could influence concealability of sexual orientation among LGB individuals, carrying important implications for the visibility of their stigmatized sexual orientation identity and for how they experience and cope with minority stress. Through a meta-analytic review, we examined how gender nonconformity was associated with minority stress experiences among LGB individuals. Thirty-seven eligible studies were identified and included in analyses. Results indicate gender nonconformity is associated with experiencing more prejudice events, less concealment of sexual orientation, lower internalized homonegativity, and higher expectations of rejection related to sexual orientation among LGB individuals. Gender nonconformity is more strongly associated with experiencing prejudice events among gay and bisexual men than among lesbian and bisexual women. Gender nonconformity is systematically associated with minority stress experiences among LGB individuals, and future research must measure and examine gender nonconformity when investigating the role of minority stress in degraded health outcomes among LGB populations.

scholarly journals Psychological, Normative, and Environmental Barriers to Tobacco Cessation that Disproportionally Impact Sexual Minority Tobacco Users

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W Wheldon ◽  
Kara P Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Environmental Barriers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexual Minority Men ◽  
Psychosocial Barriers ◽  
And Bisexual

Abstract Introduction Sexual minority populations—particularly gay/lesbian and bisexual women—use tobacco at higher rates than their heterosexual peers. Evidence-based biopsychosocial interventions for tobacco cessation are available; however, research is lacking on the specific barriers to tobacco cessation in these populations. The purpose of this study is to describe the psychological, normative, and environmental barriers to cessation that disproportionally impact sexual minority tobacco users. Methods Data from wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health was used to explore differences by sexual identity across psychosocial barriers and facilitators of tobacco cessation. The analytic sample consisted of current tobacco users (including cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos, pipes, hookah, dissolvable snus, and smokeless products). Psychosocial barriers/facilitators were modeled using logistic regression analyses, controlling for age, race/ethnicity, poverty, education, census region, and urbanicity and were stratified by sex. Models accounted for the complex study design and nonresponse. Results Substance use and internalizing/externalizing behavioral problems were more common among gay/bisexual men. Bisexual, but not gay/lesbian, women also had higher odds of these behavioral problems. Bisexual men and women reported less normative pressure to quit than their heterosexual peers (no differences in gay/lesbian tobacco users). Gay men had more environmental barriers to quit, being more likely to receive tobacco promotion materials and live with another tobacco user. Conclusions Several barriers to tobacco cessation were identified as disproportionally impacting sexual minority groups in this study; however, there were considerable differences between sexual minority men and women, as well as between gay and bisexual participants.

scholarly journals Sexual Fantasies across Gender and Sexual Orientation in Young Adults: A Multiple Correspondence Analysis

Sexes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-533
Author(s):  
Mattia Nese ◽  
Greta Riboli ◽  
Gianni Brighetti ◽  
Raffaele Visciano ◽  
Daniel Giunti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Gay And Bisexual Men ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Bisexual Women ◽  
Sexual Fantasies ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
And Bisexual

Differences in the content of sexual fantasies across gender have been widely documented, while less attention was given to the role of sexual orientation. Previous studies focused on differences in the prevalence of broad themes consisting of sets of contents. The current study aimed to increase the knowledge about sexual fantasies in heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual men and women. A descriptive approach that allows visualizing the patterns of fantasies reported by different groups using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) is presented. A sample of 3136 of young adults, 1754 women (Mage = 22.50, SD = 1.72, range 18–25) and 1382 men (Mage = 22.50, SD = 1.70, range 18–25), completed an online questionnaire assessing the presence of 29 different sexual fantasies. The prevalence of each fantasy among each group is shown. Also, relationships between fantasies and the distribution of groups along the two principal dimensions highlighted by MCA are represented. Heterosexuals women reported fewer fantasies and showed opposite patterns of response compared to heterosexual men. There was a substantial overlapping in the fantasies reported by gay and bisexual men, while responses of lesbian and bisexual women were more differentiated. These results indicate that the content of sexual fantasies varies according to both gender and sexual orientation.

Empirical treatment of asymptomatic contacts of gonorrhoea: patient views

Sexual Health ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Ruthy McIver ◽  
Sheina Low ◽  
Rick Varma ◽  
Tobias Vickers ◽  
Anna McNulty
Keyword(s):  
Gay And Bisexual Men ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Empirical Treatment ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Patient Acceptability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Bisexual

Background The prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhoea) in sexual contacts of gonorrhoea has not been established, but limited data suggest that the majority of contacts are not infected. Contacts of gonorrhoea who receive empirical treatment at the point of testing may receive unnecessary antimicrobial treatment for an infection that is known to have multidrug resistance. This study evaluated patient acceptability of non-empirical treatment.? Methods: We conducted an anonymous cross-sectional survey of patients attending sexual health centres in New South Wales, Australia, on the acceptability of empirical and non-empirical treatment models and patients’ concerns about antimicrobial resistance. Results: Most of the 823 survey participants were willing to wait for treatment until their results were reported; 77% and 53% would agree to wait for treatment if results were available in 2 and 7 days respectively. Participants were less likely to agree to non-empirical treatment if they lived in regional and remote areas compared with those in a major city (odds ratio (OR) 0.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35–0.73). Most participants (70%) were worried about infections becoming resistant to antibiotics, with heterosexual men and women being less likely than gay and bisexual men to be worried (heterosexual men: OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.44–0.94; women: OR 0.64 95%, CI 0.44–0.92). Conclusions: Non-empirical treatment was acceptable to most participants, but patient preference, ability to return for treatment and timeliness of results are factors that should inform individual treatment decisions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document