scholarly journals Muscle mass and plasma myostatin after exercise training: a substudy of Renal Exercise (RENEXC)—a randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunan Zhou ◽  
Matthias Hellberg ◽  
Thomas Hellmark ◽  
Peter Höglund ◽  
Naomi Clyne
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Strength Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Sarcopenia increases as renal function declines and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle growth. Its expression in response to exercise is unclear. In this prespecified substudy of the Renal Exercise (RENEXC) trial, we investigated the effects of 12 months of exercise training on sarcopenia, muscle mass and plasma myostatin and the relationships between physical performance, muscle mass and plasma myostatin. Methods A total of 151 non-dialysis-dependent patients (average measured glomerular filtration rate 23 ± 8 mL/min/1.73 m2), irrespective of age or comorbidity, were randomly assigned to either strength or balance in combination with endurance training. Body composition was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Plasma myostatin was analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results After 12 months, the prevalence of sarcopenia was unchanged, leg and whole-body lean mass increased significantly in the balance group and was unchanged in the strength group. Whole fat mass decreased significantly in both groups. There were no significant between-group differences in sarcopenia or body composition. Plasma myostatin levels increased significantly in both groups, with a significant difference in favour of the strength group. Plasma myostatin was significantly positively related to muscle mass and physical performance at baseline, but these relationships were attenuated after 12 months. Conclusions Exercise training seems to be effective in preventing sarcopenia and maintaining muscle mass in non-dialysis-dependent patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the role of plasma myostatin on muscle mass and physical performance in patients with CKD warrants further study.

scholarly journals Extended Ketogenic Diet and Physical Training Intervention in Military Personnel

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (9-10) ◽  
pp. e538-e547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A LaFountain ◽  
Vincent J Miller ◽  
Emily C Barnhart ◽  
Parker N Hyde ◽  
Christopher D Crabtree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ketogenic Diets

AbstractIntroductionKetogenic diets (KDs) that elevate ketones into a range referred to as nutritional ketosis represent a possible nutrition approach to address the emerging physical readiness and obesity challenge in the military. An emerging body of evidence demonstrates broad-spectrum health benefits attributed to being in nutritional ketosis, but no studies have specifically explored the use of a KD in a military population using daily ketone monitoring to personalize the diet prescription.Materials and MethodsTo evaluate the feasibility, metabolic, and performance responses of an extended duration KD, healthy adults (n = 29) from various military branches participated in a supervised 12-wk exercise training program. Fifteen participants self-selected to an ad libitum KD guided by daily measures of capillary blood ketones and 14 continued their normal mixed diet (MD). A battery of tests were performed before and after the intervention to assess changes in body mass, body composition, visceral fat, liver fat, insulin sensitivity, resting energy metabolism, and physical performance.ResultsAll KD subjects were in nutritional ketosis during the intervention as assessed by daily capillary beta-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) (mean βHB 1.2 mM reported 97% of all days) and showed higher rates of fat oxidation indicative of keto-adaptation. Despite no instruction regarding caloric intake, the KD group lost 7.7 kg body mass (range −3.5 to −13.6 kg), 5.1% whole-body percent fat (range −0.5 to −9.6%), 43.7% visceral fat (range 3.0 to −66.3%) (all p < 0.001), and had a 48% improvement in insulin sensitivity; there were no changes in the MD group. Adaptations in aerobic capacity, maximal strength, power, and military-specific obstacle course were similar between groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsUS military personnel demonstrated high adherence to a KD and showed remarkable weight loss and improvements in body composition, including loss of visceral fat, without compromising physical performance adaptations to exercise training. Implementation of a KD represents a credible strategy to enhance overall health and readiness of military service members who could benefit from weight loss and improved body composition.

scholarly journals Tail suspension is useful as a sarcopenia model in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Nemoto ◽  
Toru Goyagi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Simple Method

Abstract Background Sarcopenia promotes skeletal muscle atrophy and exhibits a high mortality rate. Its elucidation is of the highest clinical importance, but an animal experimental model remains controversial. In this study, we investigated a simple method for studying sarcopenia in rats. Results Muscle atrophy was investigated in 24-week-old, male, tail-suspended (TS), Sprague Dawley and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Age-matched SD rats were used as a control group. The skeletal muscle mass weight, muscle contraction, whole body tension (WBT), cross-sectional area (CSA), and Muscle RING finger-1 (MuRF-1) were assessed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate the MuRF-1 levels. Two muscles, the extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles, were selected for representing fast and slow muscles, respectively. All data, except CSA, were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance, whereas CSA was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Muscle mass weight, muscle contraction, WBT, and CSA were significantly lower in the SHR (n = 7) and TS (n = 7) groups than in the control group, whereas MuRF-1 expression was dominant. Conclusions TS and SHR presented sarcopenic phenotypes in terms of muscle mass, muscle contraction and CSA. TS is a useful technique for providing muscle mass atrophy and weakness in an experimental model of sarcopenia in rats.

Core and Whole-Body Vibration Exercise Improve Military Foot March Performance in Novice Trainees: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin D Lyons ◽  
Aaron G Parks ◽  
Oluwagbemiga D Dadematthews ◽  
Nilophar L Zandieh ◽  
Paige A McHenry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Introduction The purpose of the present study was to investigate core exercise training and whole-body vibration (WBV) as a training method to improve performance and recovery from an 8-km military foot march in novice trainees. Materials and Methods A 3 × 5 repeated measures randomized control trial was used to evaluate the effects of core exercise training and WBV on performance and recovery from an 8-km foot march. Thirty-nine participants were randomized into three groups: core exercise (Ex), WBV with core exercise (WBVEx), and control. Each participant completed two 8-km foot marches (FM1 and FM2) with a 35 pound rucksack, separated by 4 weeks. Participants in the Ex and WBVEx groups completed 3 weeks of core exercise training, three times per week in between FM1 and FM2. Performance time, creatine kinase (CK), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured. The Auburn University Institutional Review Board approved all aspects of this study (protocol number: 19-211 MR 1907). Results Performance time (P < .001) and CK (P = .005) were significantly improved during FM2 as compared to FM1. The Ex (d = −0.295) and WBVEx (d = −0.645) treatments had a large effect on performance time. CK (P < .001) and IL-6 (P < .001) were significantly elevated at the completion of the foot march regardless of group. Only CK remained elevated for 2 days (P < .001) following the foot march. Conclusions Core exercise training with or without WBV improved 8-km foot march performance time by 5-6 minutes. The improvements are likely because of an increase in trunk stability. Additionally, this study showed that completing two identical foot marches a month apart increases performance and improves recovery.

scholarly journals A Soluble Activin Receptor Type IIB Prevents the Effects of Androgen Deprivation on Body Composition and Bone Health

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (9) ◽  
pp. 4289-4300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Koncarevic ◽  
Milton Cornwall-Brady ◽  
Abigail Pullen ◽  
Monique Davies ◽  
Dianne Sako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
Receptor Type ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Activin Receptor

Androgen deprivation, a consequence of hypogonadism, certain cancer treatments, or normal aging in men, leads to loss of muscle mass, increased adiposity, and osteoporosis. In the present study, using a soluble chimeric form of activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB) we sought to offset the adverse effects of androgen deprivation on muscle, adipose tissue, and bone. Castrated (ORX) or sham-operated (SHAM) mice received either TBS [vehicle-treated (VEH)] or systemic administration of ActRIIB-mFc, a soluble fusion protein comprised of a form of the extracellular domain of ActRIIB fused to a murine IgG2aFc subunit. In vivo body composition imaging demonstrated that ActRIIB-mFc treatment results in increased lean tissue mass of 23% in SHAM mice [19.02 ± 0.42 g (VEH) versus 23.43 ± 0.35 g (ActRIIB-mFc), P < 0.00001] and 26% in ORX mice [15.59 ± 0.26 g (VEH) versus 19.78 ± 0.26 g (ActRIIB-mFc), P < 0.00001]. Treatment also caused a decrease in adiposity of 30% in SHAM mice [5.03 ± 0.48 g (VEH) versus 3.53 ± 0.19 g (ActRIIB-mFc), NS] and 36% in ORX mice [7.12 ± 0.53 g (VEH) versus 4.57 ± 0.28 g (ActRIIB-mFc), P < 0.001]. These changes were also accompanied by altered serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, and insulin, as well as by prevention of steatosis (fatty liver) in ActRIIB-mFc-treated ORX mice. Finally, ActRIIB-mFc prevented loss of bone mass in ORX mice as assessed by whole body dual x-ray absorptiometry and micro-computed tomography of proximal tibias. The data demonstrate that treatment with ActRIIB-mFc restored muscle mass, adiposity, and bone quality to normal levels in a mouse model of androgen deprivation, thereby alleviating multiple adverse consequences of such therapy.

To Assess and Correlate Resting Heart Rate, Body Composition and Heart Rate Variability in Judo and Wushu Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-421
Author(s):  
Sapna Yadav ◽  
Gaurav Kadyan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Body Density ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: This study aimed to compare and correlate the resting heart rate, body composition and heart rate variability among judo and wushu players. Method: 40 athletes (20 judo and 20 wushu players) were included in the study. Body composition (BMI, subcutaneous body mass, skeletal body mass, body fat %, body density, Visceral fat, Lean body mass) was evaluated with the help of 7 skinfold thickness and body circumferences with the help of Harpenden calliper and measuring tape respectively. HRV (RMSSD, SDNN, LF/HF, LFnu and HFnu) was recorded in resting state (~5min) with the help of Heart wear shimmer ECG device. Result: No significant difference of body composition and HRV variables (p> 0.05) was found between the two groups except Body fat % and body density (p<0.05) which differ significantly among the two groups. In Judo, LF/HF and LFnu showed significant positive correlation with BMI (p<0.05, r=-0.488), subcutaneous whole-body mass (p<0.05, r=-0.464), visceral fat (p<0.05, r =-0.508), and body fat % (p<0.05, r =-0.626. Whereas HFnu showed significant negative correlation with BMI (p<0.05, r=-0.488), subcutaneous whole-body mass (p<0.05, r=-0.464), visceral fat (p<0.05, r=-0.505) and body fat % (p<0.05, r=-0.626). Whereas no correlation was found between HRV and Body composition in wushu players. Conclusion: Reduction in body fat % and visceral fat in judo players indicate improved sympathovagal balance which can be due to the adaptation induced by training loads. Similar results were not seen in wushu players because of high amount of body fat% and visceral fat. Keywords: Body composition, combat sports, heart rate variability, Body fat %, resting heart rate.

Overexpression of Mig-6 in Cartilage Induces an Osteoarthritis-Like Phenotype in Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melina Bellini ◽  
Michael Andrew Pest ◽  
Manuela Miranda Rodrigues ◽  
Ling Qin ◽  
Jae-Wook Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage. Mitogen-inducible gene 6 (Mig-6) has been identified as a negative regulator of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Cartilage-specific Mig-6 knockout (KO) mice display increased EGFR signaling, an anabolic buildup of articular cartilage and formation of chondro-osseous nodules. Since our understanding of the EGFR/Mig-6 network in cartilage remains incomplete, we characterized mice with cartilage-specific overexpression of Mig-6 in this study. Methods: Utilizing knee joints from cartilage-specific Mig-6 overexpressing (Mig-6over/over) mice (at multiple time points), we evaluated the articular cartilage using histology, immunohistochemical staining and semi-quantitative histopathological scoring (OARSI) at multiple ages. MicroCT analysis was employed to examine skeletal morphometry, body composition, and bone mineral density.Results: Our data show that cartilage-specific Mig-6 overexpression did not cause any major developmental abnormalities in articular cartilage, although Mig-6over/over mice have slightly shorter long bones compared to the control group. Moreover, there was no significant difference in bone mineral density and body composition in any of the groups. However, our results indicate that Mig-6over/over male mice show accelerated cartilage degeneration at 12 and 18 months of age. Immunohistochemistry for SOX9 demonstrated that the number of positively stained cells in Mig-6over/over mice was decreased relative to controls. Immunostaining for MMP13 appeared increased in areas of cartilage degeneration in Mig-6over/over mice. Moreover, staining for phospho-EGFR (Tyr-1173) and lubricin (PRG4) was decreased in the articular cartilage of Mig-6over/over mice. Conclusion: Overexpression of Mig-6 in articular cartilage causes no major developmental phenotype; however, these mice develop earlier OA during aging. These data demonstrate that Mig-6/EGFR pathways is critical for joint homeostasis and might present a promising therapeutic target for OA.

scholarly journals Activin-type II receptor B (ACVR2B) and follistatin haplotype associations with muscle mass and strength in humans

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 2142-2148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Walsh ◽  
E. Jeffrey Metter ◽  
Luigi Ferrucci ◽  
Stephen M. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Haplotype Structure ◽  
Type Ii

Genetic variation in myostatin, a negative regulator of skeletal muscle, in cattle has shown remarkable influence on skeletal muscle, resulting in a double-muscled phenotype in certain breeds; however, DNA sequence variation within this gene in humans has not been consistently associated with skeletal muscle mass or strength. Follistatin and activin-type II receptor B ( ACVR2B) are two myostatin-related genes involved in the regulation and signaling of myostatin. We sought to identify associations between genetic variation and haplotype structure in both follistatin and ACVR2B with skeletal muscle-related phenotypes. Three hundred fifteen men and 278 women aged 19–90 yr from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging were genotyped to determine respective haplotype groupings (Hap Groups) based on HapMap data. Whole body soft tissue composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Quadriceps peak torque (strength) was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Women carriers of ACVR2B Hap Group 1 exhibited significantly less quadriceps muscle strength (shortening phase) than women homozygous for Hap Group 2 (109.2 ± 1.9 vs. 118.6 ± 4.1 N·m, 30°/s, respectively, P = 0.036). No significant association was observed in men. Male carriers of follistatin Hap Group 3 exhibited significantly less total leg fat-free mass than noncarriers (16.6 ± 0.3 vs. 17.5 ± 0.2 kg, respectively, P = 0.012). No significant associations between these haplotype groups were observed in women. These results indicate that haplotype structure at the ACVR2B and follistatin loci may contribute to interindividual variation in skeletal muscle mass and strength, although these data indicate sex-specific relationships.

scholarly journals Association of metabolic syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms amongst South Indian postmenopausal women

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4393
Author(s):  
Jeyasheela Kamaraj ◽  
Vaibhav Londhe ◽  
Sahana Shetty ◽  
Aruna Nitin Kekre ◽  
Thomas V. Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Urinary

Background: Women spend one third of their life in menopause. The age related anatomical and physiological changes predispose them to MetS and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The aim was to study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lower urinary tract symptoms in postmenopausal women attending menopause clinic, to study the correlation of LUTS and body composition among women with MetS.Methods: 154 post-menopausal women who attended menopause clinic at the Christian Medical College Hospital Vellore, were recruited. MetS was diagnosed using IDF criteria. LUTS were assessed BFLUTS questionnaires. Blood was taken to assess serum fasting glucose and lipid profile. DEXA was performed to assess the whole-body composition.Results: Of 154 postmenopausal women, 64% had MetS and 43% of women had a total LUTS score > 5. 90% of women had filling symptoms,57% had incontinence,17% had voiding symptoms,14 % had quality of life issues and 6 % had sexual symptoms. However, there was no statistical significant difference between two groups in correlating the variables of MetS with LUTS (P >0.05). The percentage of total body fat by DEXA scan was significantly greater (P=0.006) in women with MetS (37.32±5.04) when compared to the women without MetS (34.629±3.65).Conclusions: Prevalence of MetS among the study population was 64 %. LUTS were observed in 43% of the patients. There was no significant difference in LUTS in women with MetS and without Mets. However, there was a significant difference in body composition among women with and without MetS.

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