scholarly journals Impairment of innate cellular response to in vitro stimuli in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2497-2503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Ando ◽  
Asuka Shibuya ◽  
Masako Yasuda ◽  
Naoko Azuma ◽  
Ken Tsuchiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Cellular Response

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Staphylococcus Epidermidis Adherence to Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 520-521
Author(s):  
William J. Lamoreaux ◽  
David L. Smalley ◽  
Larry M. Baddour ◽  
Alfred P. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Intravascular Devices ◽  
Capd Patient ◽  
Scanning Electron

Infections associated with the use of intravascular devices have been documented and have been reported to be related to duration of catheter usage. Recently, Eaton et al. reported that Staphylococcus epidermidis may attach to silastic catheters used in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment. The following study presents findings using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of S. epidermidis adherence to silastic catheters in an in vitro model. In addition, sections of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dialysis bags were also evaluated by SEM.The S. epidermidis strain RP62A which had been obtained in a previous outbreak of coagulase-negative staphylococcal sepsis at local hospitals was used in these experiments. The strain produced surface slime on exposure to glucose, whereas a nonadherent variant RP62A-NA, which was also used in these studies, failed to produce slime. Strains were grown overnight on blood agar plates at 37°C, harvested from the surface and resuspended in sterile saline (0.85%), centrifuged (3,000 rpm for 10 minutes) and then washed twice in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline at pH 7.0. Organisms were resuspended at a concentration of ca. 106 CFU/ml in: a) sterile unused dianeal at 4.25% dextrose, b) sterile unused dianeal at 1.5% dextrose, c) sterile used dialysate previously containing 4.25% dextrose taken from a CAPD patient, and d) sterile used dialysate previously containing 1.5% dextrose taken from a CAPD patient.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antistaphylococcal Antibiotics in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Keller
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Antistaphylococcal Activity ◽  
Cure Rates ◽  
Vitro Data ◽  
In Vitro Data

Staphylococci are the leading pathogens In continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)-related peritonitis. Vancomycin appears to be an outstanding antistaphylococcal drug because resistance to It Is nearly absent. The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin and clinical cure rates of peritonitis with different dosing guidelines have been studied extensively. Different dosing guidelines with IP or IV loading doses followed or not followed by IP maintenance doses are used successfully, despite the fact that some of the dosing schemes produce apparently suboptimal drug levels referring to In vitro data like the MIC value (minimum Inhibitory concentration). Alternatively, amlnoglycosldes, cephalosporlns, Isoxazolyl penicillins, and broad-spectrum penicillins combined with betalactamase Inhibitors may be used for the treatment of gram-positive peritonitis. For the above panicillins pharmacokinetic data are scarce, and clinical experience is limited. Rifampin has excellent Intracellular antistaphylococcal activity and should be used In combination with other antibiotics. Although pharmacokinetic data are lacking, rifampin dosages do not require adaptation to renal function or replacement therapy.

Comparison of the in Vitro Activity of Daptomycin and four other Antimicrobial Agents against Staphylococci Associated with CAPD Peritonitis

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-279
Author(s):  
Wendy L. Vaudry ◽  
Claudia Gratton ◽  
Kinga Kowalewska ◽  
Wanda M. Wenman
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of daptomycin was compared with that of four other antimicrobial agents against clinically relevant staphylococci. Sixtyfive isolates were obtained from patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) who contracted peritonitis. These isolates comprised 29 S. Sureus strains (all sensitive to oxacillin); 25 S. epidermidis strains (14 sensitive and 9 resistant to oxacillin); and 11 unspeciated coagulase-negative staphylococci (2 sensitive and 11 resistant to oxacillin). All of the oxacillin susceptible strains were inhibited by ≤2 mg/L of the five antibiotics tested. The oxacillin resistant staphylococci were also resistant to cefuroxime and variably resistant to cefamandole, but were uniformly susceptible to both vancomycin and daptomycin. Daptomycin possesses equivalent in vitro activity to vancomycin against strains of S. Sureus and coagulase negative staphylococci associated with CAPD peritonitis. If vancomycin resistance becomes a significant problem in these patients, and daptomycin is shown to be active against vancomycin resistant organisms, then it would have potential usefulness as an alternative to vancomycin in the treatment of peritonitis caused by multiply -resistant staphylococci.

Cancer Antigen 1251S Locally Produced in the Peritoneal Cavity during Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ger C.M. Koomen ◽  
Michiel G.H. Betjes ◽  
Oésirée Zemel ◽  
Raymond T. Krediet ◽  
Frans J. Hoek
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Mesothelial Cell ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Cancer Antigen ◽  
The Relationship

The local production of cancer antigen (CA) 125 in the peritoneal cavity of 14 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients was studied. In addition, the relationship between the concentration of mesothelial cells and CA 125 in the peritoneal dialysate effluent was examined. The median results and ranges were as follows: plasma CA 125 14 U/mL (range 10 23), dialysate CA 125 18 U/mL (range 5.2 76), dialysate/plasma ratio 1. 9 (range 0.61 -5.4), and number of mesothelial cells 400/mL (range 10 5000). Peritoneal concentrations of mesothelial cellsand CA 125 were positively correlated (r = 0.50, p < 0.01). Using a monoclonal antibody, CA 125-positive cells were found in the cytospin preparations of the cells of dialysis effluents. All these CA 125 positive cells were also positive for cytokeratin used as a mesothelial cell marker. In vitro experiments using mesothelial cells in monolayers showed a linear increase in CA 125 concentration both in time and in relation to the number of mesothelial cells. From these experiments a production rate of 24 U/hour/1 06 cells could be calculated. It is therefore concluded that CA 125 is locally produced in the peritoneal cavity during CAPD and that the mesothelial cells are the major source of this CA 125.

Failure of Demonstrated Clinical Efficacy of Antibiotic-Bonded Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) Catheters

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Z. Trooskin ◽  
Richard A. Harvey ◽  
T. w. J. Lennard ◽  
Ralph S. Greco
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Clinical Report ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
To Receive

Previous in vitro, in vivo, and a preliminary clinical report have demonstrated efficacy of noncovalently bonding antibiotics to the surface of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPO) catheters in decreasing infectious complications. A larger prospective randomized clinical trial was completed. Eighty-six patients with chronic renal failure were enrolled in the study and randomized to receive either a surfactant treated or untreated control catheter. All catheters were soaked in cefoxitin at the time of insertion. Groups were comparable in terms of pre-existing illnesses, age, and gender. No differences were shown in the incidence of cathetertract infections, peritonitis or mechanical complications. There was also no differences in microbiologic culture results. Therefore, it is concluded that this clinical trial did not demonstrate a reduction in catheter-related infectious complications by antibiotic bonding.

In Vitro Formation of Nϵ-(Carboxymethyl)lysine and Imidazolones under Conditions Similar to Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (5) ◽  
pp. 1408-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Tauer ◽  
Thomas Knerr ◽  
Toshimitsu Niwa ◽  
Thomas P. Schaub ◽  
Cristina Lage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Carboxymethyl Lysine
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