scholarly journals Identification of multiple transcription initiation, polyadenylation, and splice sites in the Drosophila melanogaster TART family of telomeric retrotransposons

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (19) ◽  
pp. 5498-5507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick H. Maxwell ◽  
John M. Belote ◽  
Robert W. Levis
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Splice Sites

Nuclear-localized tiny RNAs are associated with transcription initiation and splice sites in metazoans

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1030-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J Taft ◽  
Cas Simons ◽  
Satu Nahkuri ◽  
Harald Oey ◽  
Darren J Korbie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Splice Sites

scholarly journals The Drosophila melanogaster gypsy transposable element encodes putative gene products homologous to retroviral proteins.

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1129-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
R L Marlor ◽  
S M Parkhurst ◽  
V G Corces
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Primer Binding Site ◽  
Long Terminal Repeats ◽  
Gypsy Element ◽  
Amino Acid Homology ◽  
Putative Gene ◽  
Putative Protein ◽  
Terminal Repeats

We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the gypsy element present at the forked locus of Drosophila melanogaster in the f1 allele. The gypsy element shares more homology with vertebrate retroviruses than with the copia element of D. melanogaster or the Ty element of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, both in overall organization and at the DNA sequence level. This transposable element is 7,469 base pairs long and encodes three putative protein products. The long terminal repeats are 482 nucleotides long and contain transcription initiation and termination signals; sequences homologous to the polypurine tract and tRNA primer binding site of retroviruses are located adjacent to the long terminal repeats. The central region of the element contains three different open reading frames. The second one encodes a putative protein which shows extensive amino acid homology to retroviral proteins, including gag-specific protease, reverse transcriptase, and DNA endonuclease.

scholarly journals Tissue-specific expression of the diazepam-binding inhibitor in Drosophila melanogaster: cloning, structure, and localization of the gene.

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 6983-6995 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kolmer ◽  
C Roos ◽  
M Tirronen ◽  
S Myöhänen ◽  
H Alho
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Cpg Island ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Rnase Protection ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Receptor Modulation ◽  
Acyl Coenzyme A

The diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI; also called acyl coenzyme A-binding protein or endozepine) is a 10-kDa polypeptide found in organisms ranging from yeasts to mammals. It has been shown that DBI and its processing products are involved in various specific biological processes such as GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor modulation, acyl coenzyme A metabolism, steroidogenesis, and insulin secretion. We have cloned and sequenced the Drosophila melanogaster gene and cDNA encoding DBI. The Drosophila DBI gene encodes a protein of 86 amino acids that shows 51 to 56% identity with previously known DBI proteins. The gene is composed of one noncoding 5' and two coding exons and is localized on the chromosomal map at position 65E. Several transcription initiation sites were detected by RNase protection and primer extension experiments. Computer analysis of the promoter region revealed features typical of housekeeping genes, such as the lack of TATA and CCAAT elements. However, in its low GC content and lack of a CpG island, the region resembles promoters of tissue-specific genes. Northern (RNA) analysis revealed that the expression of the DBI gene occurred from the larval stage onwards throughout the adult stage. In adult flies, DBI mRNA and immunoreactivity were detected in the cardia, part of the Malpighian tubules, the fat body, and gametes of both sexes. Developmentally regulated expression, disappearing during metamorphosis, was detected in the larval and pupal brains. No expression was detected in the adult nervous system. On the basis of the expression of DBI in some but not all tissues with high energy consumption, we propose that in D. melanogaster, DBI is involved in energy metabolism in a manner that depends on the substrate used for energy production.

scholarly journals Formation of an active transcription complex in the Drosophila melanogaster 5S RNA gene is dependent on an upstream region.

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2046-2051 ◽  
Author(s):  
A D Garcia ◽  
A M O'Connell ◽  
S J Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Rna Polymerase Iii ◽  
In Vitro Transcription ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Nucleotide Position ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
5S Rna ◽  
Cell Extracts

We constructed deletion-substitution and linker-scanning mutations in the 5'-flanking region of the Drosophila melanogaster 5S RNA gene. In vitro transcription of these templates in Drosophila and HeLa cell extracts revealed the presence of an essential control region (-30 region) located between nucleotides -39 and -26 upstream of the transcription initiation site: deletion of sequences upstream of nucleotide position -39 had no detectable effect on the wild-type level of in vitro transcription, whereas mutations extending between positions -39 and 1 resulted in templates with decreased transcriptional levels; specifically, deletion and linker-scanning mutations in the -34 to -26 region (-30 region) resulted in loss of transcription. The -30 region is essential for transcription and therefore forms part of the Drosophila 5S RNA gene transcription promoter. Compared with the activity of the wild-type gene, mutant 5S DNAs exhibited no impairment in the ability to sequester limiting transcription factors in a template exclusion competition assay. While we do not know which transcription factor(s) interacts with the -30 region, the possible involvement of RNA polymerase III at this region is discussed.

scholarly journals Structure and tissue-specific expression of the Drosophila melanogaster organellar-type Ca2+-ATPase gene

1995 ◽  
Vol 310 (3) ◽  
pp. 757-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Magyar ◽  
E Bakos ◽  
A Váradi
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Initiation Site ◽  
Drosophila Genome ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
S1 Nuclease ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Atpase Gene ◽  
High Level

A 14 kb genomic clone covering the organellar-type Ca(2+)-ATPase gene of Drosophila melanogaster has been isolated and characterized. The sequence of a 7132 bp region extending from 1.1 kb 5′ upstream of the initiation ATG codon over the polyadenylation signal at the 3′ end has been determined. The gene consists of nine exons including one with an exceptional size of 2172 bp representing 72% of the protein coding region. Introns are relatively small (< 100 bp) except for the 3′ intron which has a size of 2239 bp, an exceptionally large size among Drosophila introns. Five of the introns are in the same positions in Drosophila, Artemia and rabbit SERCA1 Ca(2+)-ATPase genes. There is only one organellar-type Ca(2+)-ATPase gene in the Drosophila genome, as was shown by Southern-blot analysis [Váradi, Gilmore-Hebert and Benz (1989) FEBS Lett. 258, 203-207] and by chromosomal localization [Magyar and Váradi (1990) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 173, 872-877]. Primer extension and S1-nuclease assays revealed a potential transcription initiation site 876 bp upstream of the translation initiation ATG with a TATA-box 23 bp upstream of this site. Analysis of the 5′ region of the Drosophila organellar-type Ca(2+)-ATPase gene suggests the presence of potential recognition sequences of various muscle-specific transcription factors and shows a region with remarkable similarity to that in the rabbit SERCA2 gene. The tissue distribution of expression of the organellar-type Ca(2+)-ATPase gene has been studied by in situ RNA-RNA hybridization on microscopic sections. A low mRNA abundance can be detected in each tissue of adult flies, suggesting a housekeeping function for the gene. On the other hand a pronounced tissue specificity of expression has also been found as the organellar-type Ca(2+)-ATPase is expressed at a very high level in cell bodies of the central nervous system and in various muscles.

scholarly journals Functional comparison of short and long isoforms of the TRF2 protein in Drosophila melanogaster

2019 ◽  
Vol 486 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-518
Author(s):  
I. S. Osadchiy ◽  
P. G. Georgiev ◽  
O. G. Maksimenko
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Homologous Chromosome ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Homologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Alternative Transcription ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Tfiid Complex

The TRF2 protein (TBP-related factor 2) can substitute for TBP in the TFIID complex forming alternative transcription initiation complexes for TATA-less promoters, including promoters of histone H1 and required for transposon repression piRNA-clusters. The Drosophila trf2 gene codes for two isoforms: a “short” and a “long” one, in which the same short TRF2 sequence is preceded by a long N-terminal domain. Here, we demonstrated that the long TRF2 isoform has greater functional activity then the short isoform by expressing each of them in reduced rate under the endogenous promoters. Expression of the long isoform alone doesn't affect neither the flies` viability nor the sex ratio. Expression of the short isoform alone leads to the phenotype described for the trf2 gene insufficiency and derepression of transposable elements, that is, decreased viability, violation of homologous chromosome pairing and segregation, and apparent female-biased sex ratio.

Spacer promoters are orientation-dependent activators of pre-rRNA transcription in Drosophila melanogaster

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 4667-4677
Author(s):  
G Grimaldi ◽  
P Fiorentini ◽  
P P Di Nocera
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Stimulatory Action ◽  
Rrna Transcription ◽  
Tandem Arrays

In Drosophila melanogaster, 240-base-pair (bp) repeats, clustered in tandem arrays within the ribosomal DNA nontranscribed spacer region, include sites of RNA polymerase I-dependent transcription initiation and elements that stimulate the rate of transcription from the downstream precursor rRNA (pre-rRNA) promoter. We have analyzed the in vivo transcriptional activity of a large set of recombinant constructs in which tandem arrays of distinct segments derived from a 240-bp repeat were inserted upstream of the pre-rRNA promoter. The results indicate that activating spacer elements are confined to a region of 70 bp. Enhancing units overlap with spacer promoters, since DNA segments that stimulate transcription at the gene promoter also efficiently drive transcription initiation. The finding that artificial spacer arrays invariably stimulate pre-rRNA transcription initiation in an orientation-dependent fashion suggest that spacer-initiated transcription is involved in the enhancement process. The minimal spacer activating segment includes a perfect copy of a core domain of the gene promoter extending from -24 to +10 flanked by poorly homologous upstream DNA sequences. Spacer and gene promoters are functionally interchangeable as activating units. However, the different combination of DNA elements within the two determines a functional hierarchy, as only the pre-rRNA promoter is responsive to the stimulatory action of upstream units.

scholarly journals Identification of Novel Splice Sites and Alternative Splicing Events in <italic>Drosophila melanogaster</italic> Using RNA-seq Data

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1016-1023
Author(s):  
Ying ZHANG ◽  
DuanQing WANG ◽  
Tao HE ◽  
YaOu HU ◽  
YuMin WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Splice Sites ◽  
Alternative Splicing Events

scholarly journals The 5' untranslated region of the I factor, a long interspersed nuclear element-like retrotransposon of Drosophila melanogaster, contains an internal promoter and sequences that regulate expression

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1042-1050
Author(s):  
C McLean ◽  
A Bucheton ◽  
D J Finnegan
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Tissue Culture Cells ◽  
I Factor ◽  
Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase Gene ◽  
Long Interspersed Nuclear Element

The I-R system of hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster is controlled by a long interspersed nuclear element-like retroposon, the I factor. Transposition of the I factor occurs at a high frequency only in the ovaries of females produced by crossing males of inducer strains that contain functional I factors with females of reactive strains that lack them. In this study, the 5' untranslated region of the I factor was joined to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene, and activity was assayed in transfected D. melanogaster tissue culture cells and transformed flies. The results have identified a promoter that lies within the first 186 pb of the I factor. Deletion analysis shows that nucleotides +1 to +40 are sufficient for high promoter activity and accurate transcription initiation. This region contains sequences that are found in a class of RNA polymerase II promoters that lack both a TATA box and CpG-rich motifs. In transformed flies, high levels of expression from nucleotides +1 to +186 are confined to the ovaries of reactive females, suggesting that the promoter is involved in the tissue and cytotype specificity of transposition.

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