scholarly journals Sequence specificity of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in DNA treated with solar (ultraviolet B) radiation

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Mitchell ◽  
Jin Jen ◽  
James E. Cleaver
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Sequence Specificity ◽  
Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers ◽  
Ultraviolet B Radiation ◽  
Pyrimidine Dimers ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet

Desiccation protects two Antarctic mosses from ultraviolet-B induced DNA damage

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna D. Turnbull ◽  
Simon J. Leslie ◽  
Sharon A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Cosmopolitan Species ◽  
Ultraviolet B Radiation ◽  
Pyrimidine Dimers ◽  
Bryum Pseudotriquetrum ◽  
Antarctic Mosses

Antarctic mosses live in a frozen desert, and are characterised by the ability to survive desiccation. They can tolerate multiple desiccation-rehydration events over the summer growing season. As a result of recent ozone depletion, such mosses may also be exposed to ultraviolet-B radiation while desiccated. The ultraviolet-B susceptibility of Antarctic moss species was examined in a laboratory experiment that tested whether desiccated or hydrated mosses accumulated more DNA damage under enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation. Accumulation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and pyrimidine (6–4) pyrimidone dimers was measured in moss samples collected from the field and then exposed to ultraviolet-B radiation in either a desiccated or hydrated state. Two cosmopolitan species, Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. and Bryum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb, were protected from DNA damage when desiccated, with accumulation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers reduced by at least 60% relative to hydrated moss. The endemic Schistidium antarctici (Cardot) L.I. Savicz & Smirnova accumulated more DNA damage than the other species and desiccation was not protective in this species. The cosmopolitan species remarkable ability to tolerate high ultraviolet-B exposure, especially in the desiccated state, suggests they may be better able to tolerate continued elevated ultraviolet-B radiation than the endemic species.

Changes in grapevine DNA methylation and polyphenols content induced by solar ultraviolet-B radiation, water deficit and abscisic acid spray treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Marfil ◽  
Verónica Ibañez ◽  
Rodrigo Alonso ◽  
Anabella Varela ◽  
Rubén Bottini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Ultraviolet B Radiation ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet

Solar ultraviolet-B radiation and aquatic primary production: damage, protection, and recovery

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warwick F. Vincent ◽  
Suzanne Roy
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Ultraviolet B Radiation ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet

The continuing degradation of the Earth's ozone layer by atmospheric pollutants has generated concern about the impact of increased solar ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) on aquatic ecosystems. UV-B is a small (less than 1% of total energy) but highly active component of the solar spectrum that can penetrate to biologically significant depths in lakes and oceans. It has the potential to cause wide-ranging effects, including mutagenesis, chronic depression of key physiological processes, and acute physiological stress that may result in death. There are major uncertainties at present about the appropriate time scales and bioassay protocols for assessing such effects. Algal and cyanobacterial cells have four lines of defence against the toxic effects of UV-B. Some species avoid UV exposure by their choice of habitat or by migration strategies. Many species produce sunscreening pigments that filter out UV wavelengths; mycosporine-like amino acids are an especially important and ubiquitous class of such compounds. Most cells have a variety of defences against the toxic end products of UV radiation, such as radical scavenging by carotenoid pigments and superoxide dismutase. Finally, most cells have at least some ability to identify and repair the UV damage of DNA and other biomolecules. There is a large interspecific variability in the extent of each of these defence strategies. Continuing ozone depletion is not likely to cause an abrupt collapse of photosynthetic production, but may result in subtle, community-level responses that could ultimately impact on higher trophic levels.Key words: Arctic, Antarctic, photosynthesis, UV radiation, UV-B, ozone, atmospheric pollutants.

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