scholarly journals Ethanolic extract of Casearia sylvestris and its clerodane diterpen (caseargrewiin F) protect against DNA damage at low concentrations and cause DNA damage at high concentrations in mice's blood cells

Mutagenesis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. de Oliveira ◽  
A. G. dos Santos ◽  
R. A. dos Santos ◽  
A. R. Csipak ◽  
C. Olivato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Casearia Sylvestris ◽  
High Concentrations

scholarly journals Stress response and toxicity studies on zebrafish exposed to endosulfan and imidacloprid present in water

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 718-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barzah Muazzam ◽  
Kashif Munawar ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmad Khan ◽  
Sarwat Jahan ◽  
Mazhar Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Combined Exposures ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Fish and other aquatic biota are hampered by mixtures of pesticides which pollute natural water through agricultural runoff and other sources. Toxicity of combined exposures of endosulfan and imidacloprid on zebrafish in terms of oxidative stress and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in liver and histological alterations in gills and muscles was investigated. Zebrafish were exposed to three different sub-lethal concentrations of endosulfan and imidacloprid along with control selected for each treatment for 21 days: control treatment (CT), treatment 1 (T1), treatment 2 (T2) and treatment 3 (T3). T1, T2 and T3 groups were exposed to 0.1, 0.5 and 1 μg/L of endosulfan, respectively, while imidacloprid concentration was maintained at 1 ppm in all three treatments. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Comet assay was applied to measure degree of DNA damage. Dose- and time-dependent decrease in SOD and CAT activity was observed after 21 days of exposure while low concentrations of pesticides induced SOD and CAT activities after early exposure to reduce the oxidative stress. MDA content was found to be increased in T3 having high concentrations of pesticides. Substantial increase in DNA damage was noticed after 21 days' exposure to pesticides. Significant morphological changes were observed in gills relative to muscles.

Observed differences in dextran and polyvinylpyrrolidone as rouleaux-inducing agents

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel S. Sewchand ◽  
Dieter Bruckschwaiger
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Rbc Membrane ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Do So

The effectiveness of dextran fractions (Dx-500, Dx-100, Dx-70) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-360, PVP-40) in inducing aggregation of red blood cells (RBC) was studied in a nonflowing environment. The Dx fractions, at low concentrations, induced aggregation of human RBC but failed to do so at high concentrations (concentrations greater than 70 g/L). The effect was different on RBC from animal species (cat and rabbit); aggregation increased steadily with the Dx concentration and there was no critical concentration beyond which Dx failed to induce aggregation. The PVP was found to be very effective, at all concentrations, in inducing aggregation of RBC from both human and the animal species. These results have a twofold significance: (1) they suggest that Dx and PVP, both neutral polymers, interact differently with the human RBC membrane; and (2) the association of Dx with the human RBC membrane is different from that with cat and rabbit RBC membranes.

scholarly journals Detection of acyl-CoA-binding protein in human red blood cells and investigation of its role in membrane phospholipid renewal

1995 ◽  
Vol 306 (3) ◽  
pp. 793-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Fyrst ◽  
J Knudsen ◽  
M A Schott ◽  
B H Lubin ◽  
F A Kuypers
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
High Concentrations

Acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) has been identified in a number of tissues and shown to affect the intracellular distribution and utilization of acyl-CoA. We have detected ACBP in the cytosol but not the membrane of human red blood cells and, using an e.l.i.s.a. with antibodies prepared against human liver ACBP, found that its concentration was 0.5 microM. To investigate the role of ACBP in human red blood cells, we added purified human liver ACBP and radiolabelled acyl-CoA to isolated membranes from these cells. ACBP prevented high concentrations of acyl-CoA from binding to the membrane but could not keep the acyl-CoA in the aqueous phase at low concentrations. This suggested the presence of a pool in the membrane with a binding affinity for acyl-CoA that was greater than that of ACBP for acyl-CoA. In the presence of lysophospholipid, this membrane-bound pool of acyl-CoA was rapidly used as a substrate by acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferase (LAT) to generate phospholipid from lysophospholipid. We also found that ACBP-bound acyl-CoA was preferred over free acyl-CoA as a substrate by LAT. These results are the first documentation that human red blood cells contain ACBP and that this protein can affect the utilization of acyl-CoA in plasma membranes of these cells. The interactions between acyl-CoA, ACBP and the membrane suggest that there are several pools of acyl-CoA in the human red blood cell and that ACBP may have a role in regulating their distribution and fate.

scholarly journals Lipid peroxidation and haemoglobin degradation in red blood cells exposed to t-butyl hydroperoxide. Effects of the hexose monophosphate shunt as mediated by glutathione and ascorbate

1982 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Trotta ◽  
S G Sullivan ◽  
A Stern
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate ◽  
Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate Shunt ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Exact Position ◽  
High Concentrations

Lipid peroxidation and haemoglobin degradation were the two extremes of a spectrum of oxidative damage in red cells exposed to t-butyl hydroperoxide. The exact position in this spectrum depended on the availability of glucose and the ligand state of haemoglobin. In red cells containing oxy- or carbonmono-oxy-haemoglobin, hexose monophosphate-shunt activity was mainly responsible for metabolism of t-butyl hydroperoxide; haem groups were the main scavengers in red cells containing methaemoglobin. Glutathione, via glutathione peroxidase, accounted for nearly all of the hydroperoxide metabolizing activity of the hexose monophosphate shunt. Glucose protection against lipid peroxidation was almost entirely mediated by glutathione, whereas glucose protection of haemoglobin was only partly mediated by glutathione. Physiological concentrations of intracellular or extracellular ascorbate had no effect on consumption of t-butyl hydroperoxide or oxidation of haemoglobin. Ascorbate was mainly involved in scavenging chain-propagating species involved in lipid peroxidation. The protective effect of intracellular ascorbate against lipid peroxidation was about 100% glucose-dependent and about 50% glutathione-dependent. Extracellular ascorbate functioned largely without a requirement for glucose metabolism, although some synergistic effects between extracellular ascorbate and glutathione were observed. Lipid peroxidation was not dependent on the rate or completion of t-butyl hydroperoxide consumption but rather on the route of consumption. Lipid peroxidation appears to depend on the balance between the presence of initiators of lipid peroxidation (oxyhaemoglobin and low concentrations of methaemoglobin) and terminators of lipid peroxidation (glutathione, ascorbate, high concentrations of methaemoglobin).

Low concentrations of isothiocyanates protect mesenchymal stem cells from oxidative injuries, while high concentrations exacerbate DNA damage

APOPTOSIS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 964-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulvia Zanichelli ◽  
Stefania Capasso ◽  
Giovanni Di Bernardo ◽  
Marilena Cipollaro ◽  
Eleonora Pagnotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Oxidants and regulation of K+-Cl−cotransport in equine red blood cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (4) ◽  
pp. C981-C989 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Muzyamba ◽  
P. F. Speake ◽  
J. S. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

The effect of oxidants on K+-Cl−cotransport (KCC) was investigated in equine red blood cells. Carbon monoxide mimicked O2. The substituted benzaldehyde, 12C79 (5 mM), markedly increased O2affinity. In N2, however, O2saturation was low (<10%) but KCC remained active. Nitrite (NO2−) oxidized heme to methemoglobin (metHb). High concentrations of NO2−(1 and 5 mM vs. 0.5 mM) increased KCC activity above control levels; it became O2independent but remained sensitive to other stimuli. 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (1–3 mM) depleted reduced glutathione (GSH). Prolonged exposure (60–120 min, 1 mM) or high concentrations (3 mM) stimulated an O2-independent KCC activity; short exposures and low concentrations (30 min, 0.5 or 1 mM) did not. The effect of these manipulations was correlated with changes in GSH and metHb concentrations. An oxy conformation of Hb was necessary for KCC activation. An increase in its activity over the level found in oxygenated control cells required both accumulation of metHb and depletion of GSH. Findings are relevant to understanding the physiology and pathology of regulation of KCC.

Activation by N-ethylmaleimide of a latent K+-Cl- flux in human red blood cells

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (5) ◽  
pp. C385-C390 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Lauf ◽  
N. C. Adragna ◽  
R. P. Garay
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Sulfhydryl Group ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Coupled Transport ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Reactive Groups ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
K Transport

Twenty to fifty percent of the ouabain-insensitive Na+ and K+ fluxes in human red blood cells are mediated by Cl(-) -dependent coupled transport (cotransport). In this paper we report on the effect of the sulfhydryl group reagent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) on Cl(-) -dependent ouabain-insensitive Na+ and K+ fluxes in human red blood cells. We found that NEM altered Na+ -K+ cotransport and activated a latent Cl(-) -dependent K+ transport mode normally apparently silent. This conclusion was based on the following observations. 1) At low concentrations (0.25 mM) NEM abolished the bumetanide-sensitive Na+ efflux and had no effect, even at a 10-fold higher concentration, on the bumetanide-sensitive K+ efflux. 2) At concentrations above 0.1 mM, NEM stimulated Cl(-) -dependent K+ efflux that was only partially inhibited by high concentrations of bumetanide or furosemide. In experiments using Rb+ as a K+ analogue, NEM activated Rb+ influx by stimulating the maximum velocity and lowering the apparent external cation affinity. The data suggest the presence of chemically reactive groups in human red blood cells for both Cl(-) -dependent K+ transport activated by NEM and Cl(-) -dependent coupled Na+-K+ movements.

scholarly journals Antigenotoxic and antimutagenic activities of Psittacanthus calyculatus (Loranthaceae) leaves water extract

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Silva ◽  
Carlos Moya ◽  
Juan Landeros-Gutierrez ◽  
Pedro Garcia-López ◽  
Mario Ruiz-López
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Antimutagenic Activity ◽  
Genetic Damage ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations

Mistletoe (<i>Psittacanthus calyculatus</i>) is used for the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases. Samples of leaves from <i>P. calyculatus</i> were collected in April of 2019, and prepared an aqueous extract. The extract was lyophilized, and its polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins content were determined. Then, concentrations of lyophilized extract were prepared (5, 50 and 100 ppm) and assessed their antigenotoxic, antimutagenic and genotoxicity activities in human lymphocytes were evaluated using the comet assay system. The dry aqueous extract contained 73.54 mg of polyphenols AGE per g sample, 39.37 mg of flavonoid CE per g, and 0.1 mg of anthocyanins Cy-3-gluc E per g. No significant genotoxic activity was observed, with the exception of the concentration of 100 ppm at 10 hours of exposure (p <0.05). There was also significant (p <0.05) antigenotoxic and antimutagenic activity (p <0.05). Clearly, low concentrations and short-duration exposures to lyophilized <i>P. calyculatus</i> do not induce genetic damage; however, high concentrations are genotoxic. The antigenotoxic and antimutagenic effects were due to a protective effect not only against induced DNA damage but also against basal genetic damage.

scholarly journals Low Concentrations of Flavonoids Are Protective in Rat H4IIE Cells Whereas High Concentrations Cause DNA Damage and Apoptosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Wätjen ◽  
Gudrun Michels ◽  
Bärbel Steffan ◽  
Petra Niering ◽  
Yvonni Chovolou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
H4iie Cells ◽  
High Concentrations

scholarly journals Usnic Acid and Usnea barbata (L.) F.H. Wigg. Dry Extracts Promote Apoptosis and DNA Damage in Human Blood Cells through Enhancing ROS Levels

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1171
Author(s):  
Violeta Popovici ◽  
Elena Matei ◽  
Georgeta Camelia Cozaru ◽  
Mariana Aschie ◽  
Laura Bucur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Human Blood Cells ◽  
Late Apoptosis ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Nuclear Apoptosis

Nowadays, numerous biomedical studies performed on natural compounds and plant extracts aim to obtain highly selective pharmacological activities without unwanted toxic effects. In the big world of medicinal plants, Usnea barbata (L) F.H. Wigg (U. barbata) and usnic acid (UA) are well-known for their therapeutical properties. One of the most studied properties is their cytotoxicity on various tumor cells. This work aims to evaluate their cytotoxic potential on normal blood cells. Three dry U. barbata extracts in various solvents: ethyl acetate (UBEA), acetone (UBA), and ethanol (UBE) were prepared. From UBEA we isolated usnic acid with high purity by semipreparative chromatography. Then, UA, UBA, and UBE dissolved in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and diluted in four concentrations were tested for their toxicity on human blood cells. The blood samples were collected from a healthy non-smoker donor; the obtained blood cell cultures were treated with the tested samples. After 24 h, the cytotoxic effect was analyzed through the mechanisms that can cause cell death: early and late apoptosis, caspase 3/7 activity, nuclear apoptosis, autophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and DNA damage. Generally, the cytotoxic effect was directly proportional to the increase of concentrations, usnic acid inducing the most significant response. At high concentrations, usnic acid and U. barbata extracts induced apoptosis and DNA damage in human blood cells, increasing ROS levels. Our study reveals the importance of prior natural products toxicity evaluation on normal cells to anticipate their limits and benefits as potential anticancer drugs.

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