scholarly journals Sodium hypochlorite-, chlorine dioxide- and peracetic acid-induced genotoxicity detected by the Comet assay and Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7 tests

Mutagenesis ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Buschini
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Peracetic Acid

scholarly journals Exploring the potential synergistic effects of chemical disinfectants and UV on the inactivation of free-living bacteria and treatment of biofilms in a pilot-scale system

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1247-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vankerckhoven ◽  
B. Verbessem ◽  
S. Crauwels ◽  
P. Declerck ◽  
K. Muylaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Living Bacteria

The main objective of this study is to explore possible synergistic or additive effects of combinations of chemical disinfectants (sodium hypochlorite, peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide) and UV in their efficacy in inactivating free-living bacteria and removing biofilms. In contrast to most studies, this study examines disinfection of municipal water in a pilot-scale system using a mixed bacterial suspension, which enables a better simulation of the conditions encountered in actual industrial environments. It was shown that the combination of either hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, or chlorine dioxide with UV yielded additive effects on the inactivation of free-living bacteria. Actual synergy was observed for the combination of UV and 5 ppm hydrogen peroxide. Regarding biofilm treatment, additive effects were observed using the combination of hydrogen peroxide and UV. The promising results obtained in this study indicate that the combination of UV and chemical disinfectants can considerably reduce the amount of chemicals required for the effective disinfection and treatment of biofilms.

scholarly journals Disinfection chemicals mode of action on the bacterial spore structure and their Raman spectra

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Malyshev ◽  
Tobias Dahlberg ◽  
Krister Wiklund ◽  
Per Ola Andersson ◽  
Sara Henriksson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Laser Tweezers ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics ◽  
Spore Forming Bacteria

AbstractContamination of toxic spore-forming bacteria is problematic since spores can survive a plethora of disinfection chemicals. It is also problematic to rapidly detect if the disinfection chemical was active, leaving spores dead. Robust decontamination strategies, as well as reliable detection methods to identify dead from viable spores, are thus critical. Vibrational detection methods such as Raman spectroscopy has been suggested for rapid diagnostics and differentiation of live and dead spores. We investigate in this work, using laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy, the changes in Raman spectra of Bacillus thuringiensis spores treated with sporicidal agents such as chlorine dioxide, peracetic acid, and sodium hypochlorite. We also imaged treated spores using SEM and TEM to verify if any changes to the spore structure can be correlated to the Raman spectra. We found that chlorine dioxide did not change the Raman spectrum or the spore structure; peracetic acid shows a time-dependent decrease in the characteristic DNA/DPA peaks and ∼20 % of the spores were degraded and collapsed; spores treated with sodium hypochlorite show an abrupt drop in DNA and DPA peaks within 20 minutes all though the spore structure was overall intact, however, the exosporium layer was reduced. Structural changes appeared over several minutes, compared to the inactivation time of the spores, which is less than a minute. We conclude that vibrational spectroscopy provides powerful means to detect changes in spores but it might be problematic to identify if spores are live or dead after a decontamination procedure.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Consumers Washing with Sanitizers to Reduce Human Norovirus on Mixed Salad

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anfruns-Estrada ◽  
Bottaro ◽  
Pintó ◽  
Guix ◽  
Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Propidium Monoazide ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Microbiological Safety ◽  
Fresh Products

Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a foremost cause of domestically acquired foodborne acute gastroenteritis and outbreaks. Despite industrial efforts to control HuNoV contamination of foods, its prevalence in foodstuffs at retail is significant. HuNoV infections are often associated with the consumption of contaminated produce, including ready-to-eat (RTE) salads. Decontamination of produce by washing with disinfectants is a consumer habit which could significantly contribute to mitigate the risk of infection. The aim of our study was to measure the effectiveness of chemical sanitizers in inactivating genogroup I and II HuNoV strains on mixed salads using a propidium monoazide (PMAxx)-viability RTqPCR assay. Addition of sodium hypochlorite, peracetic acid, or chlorine dioxide significantly enhanced viral removal as compared with water alone. Peracetic acid provided the highest effectiveness, with log10 reductions on virus levels of 3.66 ± 0.40 and 3.33 ± 0.19 for genogroup I and II, respectively. Chlorine dioxide showed lower disinfection efficiency. Our results provide information useful to the food industry and final consumers for improving the microbiological safety of fresh products in relation to foodborne viruses.

Comparative evaluation of disinfection mechanism of sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide and electroactivated water on Enterococcus faecalis

LWT ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Girgin Ersoy ◽  
Ozge Dinc ◽  
Buse Cinar ◽  
Sedef Tunca Gedik ◽  
Anatoli Dimoglo
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Comparative Evaluation

scholarly journals Oxidation of Citalopram with Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorine Dioxide: Influencing Factors and NDMA Formation Kinetics

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 3065
Author(s):  
Juan Lv ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Na Li
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
Formation Kinetics ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Two Stages

The highly prescribed antidepressant, citalopram, as one of newly emerging pollutants, has been frequently detected in the aquatic environment. Citalopram oxidation was examined during sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) chlorination processes since conventional wastewater treatment plants cannot remove citalopram effectively. Citalopram has been demonstrated to form N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) during chlorination in our previous study. Further investigation on NDMA formation kinetics was conducted in the present study. Influences of operational variables (disinfectant dose, pH value) and water matrix on citalopram degradation, as well as NDMA generation, were evaluated. The results indicated high reactivity of citalopram with NaOCl and ClO2. NDMA formation included two stages during CIT oxidation, which were linear related with reaction time. NaOCl was more beneficial to remove CIT, but it caused more NDMA formation. Increasing disinfectant dosage promoted citalopram removal and NDMA formation. However, no consistent correlation was found between citalopram removal and pH. Contrary to the situation of citalopram removal, NDMA generation was enhanced when citalopram was present in actual water matrices, especially in secondary effluent. DMA, as an intermediate of citalopram chlorination, contributed to NDMA formation, but not the only way.

Antimicrobial activity of Chlorhexidine, Peracetic acid and Sodium hypochlorite/etidronate irrigant solutions againstEnterococcus faecalisbiofilms

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1188-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Arias-Moliz ◽  
R. Ordinola-Zapata ◽  
P. Baca ◽  
M. Ruiz-Linares ◽  
E. García García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Peracetic Acid

Leakage of Endotoxins through the Endotoxin Retentive Filter: An in vitro Study

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Nozaki ◽  
Yoshihiro Tange ◽  
Yoji Inada ◽  
Takashi Uchino ◽  
Nakanobu Azuma
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Membrane Pores ◽  
Polyether Sulfone ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
High Concentrations

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Ultrapurification of dialysis fluid has enabled highly efficient dialysis treatments. Online hemodiafiltration is one such treatment that uses a purified dialysis fluid as a supplemental fluid. In this method, an endotoxin retentive filter (ETRF) is used in the final step of dialysis fluid purification, with the aim of preventing leakage of endotoxins. Sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid are used as disinfecting agents for the dialysis fluid pipes containing the ETRF; however, the effects of these agents on ETRF membrane pores have not been fully clarified. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Water permeability (flux) and endotoxin permeability were assessed in 3 types of ETRFs made with different membrane materials: polyester polymer alloy (PEPA), polyether sulfone (PES), and polysulfone (PS). High-concentration sodium hypochlorite and 2 types of peracetic acid were used as disinfecting agents, and the changes in flux and the endotoxin sieving coefficient (SC) were measured. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After repeated use of high concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid, the PEPA and PES ETRFs did not permit passage of endotoxins, regardless of their flux. However, in the PS ETRF, the flux and endotoxin SC increased with the number of cleaning cycles. No differences were observed according to the concentration of peracetic acid disinfecting agents. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> PEPA and PES ETRFs completely prevent endotoxin leakage and can be disinfected at concentrations higher than the conventionally recommended concentration without affecting pore expansion. Even new PS ETRFs have low levels of endotoxin leakage, which increase after disinfection cycles using sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid.

Comparative Evaluation of the Sterilization Effect of Six Kinds of Commercial Disinfectants against Four Pathogenic Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxia Wang ◽  
Xiaoting Liang ◽  
Junxia Zheng ◽  
Qi He
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Absolute Ethanol ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Clostridium Sporogenes ◽  
Sterilization Effect

Abstract In this work, we systematically investigate the sterilization effect of six kinds of commonly used commercial disinfectants, including the DuPont Virkon disinfectant, peracetic acid disinfectant, sodium hypochlorite, bromogeramine disinfectant, water-soluble allicin, and absolute ethanol, against the Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Monilia albican and Clostridium sporogenes. The inhibition zone was used to qualitatively determine the antibacterial effects of the six disinfectants, and then the minimum two-fold dilution method was used to quantitatively determine the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the six disinfectants on the four pathogens. The result illustrated that the antibacterial effect of peracetic acid disinfectant is the best, and clostridium sporogenes is the most sensitive to it, followed by bromogermine disinfectant, which can inhibit the four pathogenic bacteria at the concentration recommended by the manufacturer. The antibacterial effect of DuPont Virkon disinfectant, sodium hypochlorite, water-soluble allicin and absolute ethanol is not as good as expected, and cannot inhibit the four kinds of pathogenic bacteria at the recommended concentration. In summary, the antibacterial effect of peracetic acid disinfectant is the strongest, followed by the bromogermine disinfectant, DuPont Virkon disinfectant, sodium hypochlorite and water-soluble allicin. The absolute ethanol exhibits the worst antibacterial properties.

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