Rap Music Therapy in Forensic Psychiatry: Emphasis on the Musical Approach to Rap: Table 1

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurien Hakvoort
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Forensic Psychiatry ◽  
Rap Music

Music Therapy and Forensic Psychiatry — Choice, Denial and the Law

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Loth
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Forensic Psychiatry ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Psychiatric Setting ◽  
Secure Unit ◽  
The Law ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric

This paper looks at aspects of work in the forensic psychiatric setting. It is based on music therapy work in a Medium Secure Unit, situated within a general psychiatric hospital. It was felt that there were several important differences in working in this unit of the hospital which often seemed to question the feasability and existence of a music therapy group. This paper concerns itself with these differences. A brief introduction to forensic psychiatry and secure units is given first. This is followed by a short case study of an eight-week music therapy group from which material is used to look at the themes identified. These are summarized into the headings of choice, denial and the law. Their effect on the patients is discussed and the ways in which the music therapy group can address the issues involved are highlighted.

scholarly journals Rap in Music Therapy with Appalachian Youth with Adverse Childhood Experiences

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica S. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Rap Music ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Music Therapist ◽  
Supervision Process ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Children and adolescents in Appalachia are often exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences and may have higher levels of depression, anxiety, and aggression than youth in other areas of the United States. The unique challenges of working with youth in Appalachia and the unexpected prevalence of rap as a preferred genre are summarized in this article. Rap is a frequently requested genre with youth in Appalachian Ohio and the youth in the area frequently identify with common themes in rap such as social criticism, social empowerment, humanistic values, and negative behavior criticism. Despite success with these methods within music therapy sessions, this Caucasian music therapist has experienced internal conflict due to the potential for cultural appropriation by using rap music in music therapy with clients who are not indigenous to Hip Hop Kulture. Discussion of the implications of therapeutic application, this therapist’s self-reflections and supervision process, potential for appropriation, and personal outcomes are included.

Prenatal Exposure to Classical Music Improves Learning and Memory in Adult Rats

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuantian Zhang ◽  
Morvarid Vatanpour ◽  
Marjan Vatanpour ◽  
Sepideh Tayyebi ◽  
Omid Baghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Rock Music ◽  
Rap Music ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Serum Corticosterone

Abstract. Background: Exposure to music during pregnancy enhances brain development and improves learning in neonatal rats. Methods: In these experiments, we examined the effects of exposure to silence, hard rock, classical, and rap music in utero plus 60 days postpartum on learning and memory in adult Wistar rats. Passive avoidance learning (PAL) was assessed at age 60 days, and a retention test was done 24 hours after training. Elevated plus maze (EPM) was also used as a standard behavioral task for assessing the effects of music therapy on anxiety. Furthermore, we measured serum corticosterone levels and adrenal weight at the end of experiments to show the possible effect of stress on the rats’ behavior. Results: Hard rock music impaired acquisition, increasing the number of trials to acquisition in PAL task. Hard rock music also impaired the retrieval process by decreasing step-through latency and increasing time spent in the dark compartment during the retention trial. Further, in the hard rock group, there were increases in serum corticosterone and adrenal weight of rats. Classical music, in turn, improved acquisition learning and retention memory and decreased serum corticosterone levels compared to the silence group. Rats’ exposure to rap music did not show any significant change in acquisition and retrieval processes compared to the silence group. In the EPM task, classical music exposure had anxiolytic-like effects revealed in an increase in the number of entries into open arms and time spent in the open arms. However, in this task, hard rock music induced an anxiogenic effect. Conclusions: Prenatal and postnatal exposure to music improves PAL and memory in adult rats. The effects of music therapy with classical music might be related to stress reduction by lowering corticosterone as a stress biomarker or anxiolytic effects; this deserves further examination.

The Evolution of Music Therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-221
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Mastnak
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Modern Music ◽  
Guided Imagery And Music ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Evolution Of Music ◽  
Based Medicine

Abstract. Five overlapping eras or stages can be distinguished in the evolution of music therapy. The first one refers to the historical roots and ethnological sources that have influenced modern meta-theoretical perspectives and practices. The next stage marks the heterogeneous origins of modern music therapy in the 20th century that mirror psychological positions and novel clinical ideas about the healing power of music. The subsequent heyday of music therapeutic models and schools of thought yielded an enormous variety of concepts and methods such as Nordoff–Robbins music therapy, Orff music therapy, analytic music therapy, regulatory music therapy, guided imagery and music, sound work, etc. As music therapy gained in international importance, clinical applications required research on its therapeutic efficacy. According to standards of evidence-based medicine and with regard to clearly defined diagnoses, research on music therapeutic practice was the core of the fourth stage of evolution. The current stage is characterized by the emerging epistemological dissatisfaction with the paradigmatic reductionism of evidence-based medicine and by the strong will to discover the true healing nature of music. This trend has given birth to a wide spectrum of interdisciplinary hermeneutics for novel foundations of music therapy. Epigenetics, neuroplasticity, regulatory and chronobiological sciences, quantum physical philosophies, universal harmonies, spiritual and religious views, and the cultural anthropological phenomenon of esthetics and creativity have become guiding principles. This article should not be regarded as a historical treatise but rather as an attempt to identify theoretical landmarks in the evolution of modern music therapy and to elucidate the evolution of its spirit.

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