scholarly journals COVID-19-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: Experiences of three centres in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Salman ◽  
Nagehan Aslan ◽  
Mustafa Akçam ◽  
Müjgan Arslan ◽  
Emine Akkuzu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Fatal Course ◽  
Paediatric Practice ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

ABSTRACT Background The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has not yet been fully elucidated and there is no clear consensus on its treatment yet. Objectives To evaluate our patients diagnosed with MIS-C and present them to the literature in order to contribute to the better understanding of this new disease, which entered paediatric practice with the SARS-CoV-2 peak. Methods In this study, 17 MIS-C cases diagnosed according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria were included. Results Of the patients, 7 (41.2%) had a comorbidity. Gastrointestinal system involvement was the most prominent in the patients (70.6%). Laparotomy was performed in 3 patients due to acute abdomen. Two patients had neurological involvement. Of the patients, 15 (88.2%) received intravenous immunoglobulin and 13 (76.5%) received both intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone. Two patients received invasive mechanical ventilation and 4 patients received high flow rate nasal cannula oxygen therapy. One of our patients who needed invasive mechanical ventilation and high vasoactive-inotrope support died despite all supportive treatments including plasmapheresis and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Conclusions MIS-C picture can have a fatal course and may present with severe gastrointestinal and neurological signs. Unnecessary laparotomy should be avoided.

scholarly journals Timely Recognition and Early Multi-Step Antinflammatory Therapy May Prevent ICU Admission of Patients With MIS-C: Proposal for a Severity Score

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Brisca ◽  
Alessandro Consolaro ◽  
Roberta Caorsi ◽  
Daniela Pirlo ◽  
Giulia Tuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Inotropic Drugs ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
Treatment Escalation ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

In this observational study, we report the clinical, therapeutics and outcome features of 23 patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) who have been treated in Gaslini Children Hospital (Genoa, Italy) with a multistep antinflammatory treatment protocol, based on disease severity at admission. Patients were initially assigned to four severity classes on admission and treated accordingly. The therapeutic options ranged from IV immunoglobulin alone to a combination of IVIG plus pulses of methylprednisolone plus anakinra for patients with marked cardiac function impairment or signs of macrophage activation syndrome, with rapid treatment escalation in case of inadequate therapeutic response. With the application of this therapeutic strategy, no patient required admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or invasive mechanical ventilation, and no inotropic drugs administration was required. Early aggressive treatment of MIS-C, with therapeutic interventions modulated based on the severity of clinical manifestations may help to prevent the progression of the inflammatory process and to avoid the need of admission to the ICU. A timely intervention with anti-IL-1 blockers can play a pivotal role in very severe patients that are at risk to have an incomplete response to immunoglobulins and steroids.

scholarly journals Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of severe pneumonia caused by Chlamydia psittaci

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan-huan Wu ◽  
Lan-fang Feng ◽  
Shuang-yan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract Purpose Psittacosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the transmission of the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) from birds to humans. Infections in humans mainly present as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, most cases are treated without diagnostic testing, and the importance of Chlamydia psittaci infection as a cause of CAP is therefore unclear. Diagnostic tools, including culture, serologic test, and PCR-based methods, are available but prone to false negative results. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has been increasingly used in the diagnosis of infectious diseases, particularly when conventional diagnostic approaches have limitation. Detection of nucleic acid sequence of C. psittaci in respiratory tract samples by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is effective for early diagnosis of severe C. psittaci pneumonia. Timely treatment based on tetracycline can reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics and improve prognosis of patients with severe C. psittaci pneumonia. Methods Clinical data of thirteen patients with severe C. psittaci pneumonia diagnosed by mNGS were collected. Clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis of patients were summarized. Results The typical symptoms of pneumonia caused by C. psittaci include fever, headache, myalgia, cough, and dyspnea. In the current study, all patients met the criteria for severe C. psittaci pneumonia and received mechanical ventilation, including noninvasive mechanical ventilation (five/thirteen) and invasive mechanical ventilation (eight/thirteen). The findings showed that patients with C. psittaci pneumonia presented with normal or slightly increased leucocytes and procalcitonin, and high C-reactive protein levels. Computed tomography manifestations included consolidation of lung parenchyma, with air bronchogram and pleural effusion in some patients. mNGS analysis results were obtained within 48–72 h. Eleven patients fully recovered after targeted treatment, however, two patients died from secondary multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Conclusions The findings of the current study show that mNGS is effective in diagnosis of C. psittaci pneumonia, and has significant diagnosis value in patients with severe infection. Patients responds well to the timely use of appropriate antibiotics.

scholarly journals Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective multi-center study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Liu ◽  
Yizhu Chen ◽  
Ranran Li ◽  
Xuan Dong ◽  
Yizhong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Ivig Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Immunoglobulin Treatment ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Center Study

Abstract Background: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is commonly used to treat severe COVID-19, although the clinical outcomes remain unclear. This study evaluated the effectiveness of IVIG treatment for severe COVID-19.Methods: This retrospective multi-center study evaluated 28-day mortality and time for SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance in severe COVID-19 patients with or without IVIG treatment. Propensity score matching was used to control confounding factors. Logistic regression and competing risk analyses were performed.Results: The study included 850 patients (421 patients received IVIG). No significant differences in 28-day mortality or time for SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance were observed (p=0.357 and p=0.123, respectively). High-dose of IVIG treatment (>10 g/day) (n=27) was associated with decreased 28-day mortality (OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14–0.77; p=0.011). The IVIG group had prolonged median hospitalization, less shock, and higher incidences of acute respiratory distress syndrome, myocardial injury. Furthermore, IVIG-treated patients were more likely to require non-invasive mechanical ventilation and less likely to require invasive mechanical ventilation.Conclusions: IVIG treatment for severe COVID-19 patients was not associated with significant improvements in 28-day mortality or time for SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance. However, some improvements in 28-day survival were observed for high-dose IVIG treatment (>10 g/day).

scholarly journals COVID-19 related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C): a hospital-based prospective cohort study from Kerala, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e001195
Author(s):  
Arun Tiwari ◽  
Suma Balan ◽  
Abdul Rauf ◽  
Mahesh Kappanayil ◽  
Sajith Kesavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

ObjectivesTo study (1) epidemiological factors, clinical profile and outcomes of COVID-19 related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), (2) clinical profile across age groups, (3) medium-term outcomes and (4) parameters associated with disease severity.DesignHospital-based prospective cohort study.SettingTwo tertiary care centres in Kerala, India.ParticipantsDiagnosed patients of MIS-C using the case definition of Centres for Disease Control and Prevention.Statistical analysisPearson χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the categorical variables and independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the continuous variables between the subgroups categorised by the requirement of mechanical ventilation. Bonferroni’s correction was used for multiple comparisons.ResultsWe report 41 patients with MIS-C, mean age was 6.2 (4.0) years, and 33 (80%) were previously healthy. Echocardiogram was abnormal in 23 (56%), and coronary abnormalities were noted in 15 (37%) patients. Immunomodulatory therapy was administered to 39 (95%), steroids and IVIg both were used in 35 (85%) and only steroids in 3 (7%) patients. Intensive care was required in 36 (88%), mechanical ventilation in 8 (20%), inotropic support in 21 (51%), and 2 (5%) patients died. Mechanical ventilation requirement in MIS-C was associated with hyperferritinaemia (p=0.001). Thirty-seven patients completed 3 months follow-up by April 2021, of whom 6 (16%) patients had some residual echocardiographic changes.ConclusionsPatients with MIS-C in our cohort had varied clinical manifestations ranging from fever with mild gastrointestinal and mucocutaneous involvement to fatal multiorgan dysfunction. Immediate and medium-term outcomes remain largely excellent except for the echocardiographic sequelae in a few patients which are also showing a resolving trend. Hyperferritinaemia was associated with the requirement of mechanical ventilation.

Ambulatory care of non-invasive mechanical ventilation in COPD patients with global decompensated respiratory acidosis

Pneumologie ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S125
Author(s):  
EJ Soto Hurtado ◽  
P Gutiérrez Castaño ◽  
JJ Torres ◽  
MD Jiménez Fernández ◽  
M Pérez Soriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Ambulatory Care ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Copd Patients

scholarly journals Respiratory mechanics and gas exchanges in the early course of COVID-19 ARDS: a hypothesis-generating study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-L. Diehl ◽  
N. Peron ◽  
R. Chocron ◽  
B. Debuc ◽  
E. Guerot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Dead Space ◽  
Respiratory Mechanics ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Circulating Endothelial Cells ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics ◽  
High Peep ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Physiological Dead Space

Abstract Rationale COVID-19 ARDS could differ from typical forms of the syndrome. Objective Pulmonary microvascular injury and thrombosis are increasingly reported as constitutive features of COVID-19 respiratory failure. Our aim was to study pulmonary mechanics and gas exchanges in COVID-2019 ARDS patients studied early after initiating protective invasive mechanical ventilation, seeking after corresponding pathophysiological and biological characteristics. Methods Between March 22 and March 30, 2020 respiratory mechanics, gas exchanges, circulating endothelial cells (CEC) as markers of endothelial damage, and D-dimers were studied in 22 moderate-to-severe COVID-19 ARDS patients, 1 [1–4] day after intubation (median [IQR]). Measurements and main results Thirteen moderate and 9 severe COVID-19 ARDS patients were studied after initiation of high PEEP protective mechanical ventilation. We observed moderately decreased respiratory system compliance: 39.5 [33.1–44.7] mL/cmH2O and end-expiratory lung volume: 2100 [1721–2434] mL. Gas exchanges were characterized by hypercapnia 55 [44–62] mmHg, high physiological dead-space (VD/VT): 75 [69–85.5] % and ventilatory ratio (VR): 2.9 [2.2–3.4]. VD/VT and VR were significantly correlated: r2 = 0.24, p = 0.014. No pulmonary embolism was suspected at the time of measurements. CECs and D-dimers were elevated as compared to normal values: 24 [12–46] cells per mL and 1483 [999–2217] ng/mL, respectively. Conclusions We observed early in the course of COVID-19 ARDS high VD/VT in association with biological markers of endothelial damage and thrombosis. High VD/VT can be explained by high PEEP settings and added instrumental dead space, with a possible associated role of COVID-19-triggered pulmonary microvascular endothelial damage and microthrombotic process.

Combined Renal-Pulmonary Extracorporeal Support with Low Blood Flow Techniques: A Retrospective Observational Study (CICERO Study)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Consales ◽  
Lucia Zamidei ◽  
Franco Turani ◽  
Diego Atzeni ◽  
Paolo Isoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Protective Ventilation ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Organ Support ◽  
Chronic Obstructive

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure frequently present concomitant lung and kidney injury, within a multiorgan failure condition due to local and systemic mediators. To face this issue, extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO<sub>2</sub>R) systems have been integrated into continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) platforms to provide a combined organ support, with efficient clearance of CO<sub>2</sub> with very low extracorporeal blood flows (&#x3c;400 mL/min). <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To evaluate efficacy and safety of combined ECCO<sub>2</sub>R-CRRT support with PrismaLung®-Prismaflex® in patients affected by hypercapnic respiratory acidosis associated with AKI in a second level intensive care unit. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We carried out a retrospective observational study enrolling patients submitted to PrismaLung®-Prismaflex® due to mild to moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aeCOPD). The primary endpoints were the shift to protective ventilation and extubation of mechanically ventilated patients and the shift to invasive mechanical ventilation of patients receiving noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Clinical-laboratoristic data and operational characteristics of ECCO<sub>2</sub>R-CRRT were recorded. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, 12/17 patients on mechanical ventilation shifted to protective ventilation, CO<sub>2</sub> clearance was satisfactorily maintained during the whole observational period, and pH was rapidly corrected. Treatment prevented NIV failure in 4 out of 5 patients. No treatment-related complications were recorded. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> ECCO<sub>2</sub>R-CRRT was effective and safe in patients with aeCOPD and ARDS associated with AKI.

scholarly journals Preemptive ganciclovir for mechanically ventilated patients with cytomegalovirus reactivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Papazian ◽  
◽  
Samir Jaber ◽  
Sami Hraiech ◽  
Karine Baumstarck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Intravenous Ganciclovir ◽  
Subdistribution Hazard ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Reactivation ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Cmv Reactivation

Abstract Background The effect of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation on the length of mechanical ventilation and mortality in immunocompetent ICU patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation remains controversial. The main objective of this study was to determine whether preemptive intravenous ganciclovir increases the number of ventilator-free days in patients with CMV blood reactivation. Methods This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial involved 19 ICUs in France. Seventy-six adults ≥ 18 years old who had been mechanically ventilated for at least 96 h, expected to remain on mechanical ventilation for ≥ 48 h, and exhibited reactivation of CMV in blood were enrolled between February 5th, 2014, and January 23rd, 2019. Participants were randomized to receive ganciclovir 5 mg/kg bid for 14 days (n = 39) or a matching placebo (n = 37). Results The primary endpoint was ventilator-free days from randomization to day 60. Prespecified secondary outcomes included day 60 mortality. The trial was stopped for futility based on the results of an interim analysis by the DSMB. The subdistribution hazard ratio for being alive and weaned from mechanical ventilation at day 60 for patients receiving ganciclovir (N = 39) compared with control patients (N = 37) was 1.14 (95% CI from 0.63 to 2.06; P = 0.66). The median [IQR] numbers of ventilator-free days for ganciclovir-treated patients and controls were 10 [0–51] and 0 [0–43] days, respectively (P = 0.46). Mortality at day 60 was 41% in patients in the ganciclovir group and 43% in the placebo group (P = .845). Creatinine levels and blood cells counts did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusions In patients mechanically ventilated for ≥ 96 h with CMV reactivation in blood, preemptive ganciclovir did not improve the outcome.

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