scholarly journals An Insect Counteradaptation against Host Plant Defenses Evolved through Concerted Neofunctionalization

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 930-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna M Heidel-Fischer ◽  
Roy Kirsch ◽  
Michael Reichelt ◽  
Seung-Joon Ahn ◽  
Natalie Wielsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Defenses

Effects of elicitors of host plant defenses on pear psylla,Cacopsylla pyricola

2015 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Rodney Cooper ◽  
David R. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Defenses ◽  
Pear Psylla

scholarly journals Host plant species determines symbiotic bacterial community mediating suppression of plant defenses

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Ho Chung ◽  
Erin D. Scully ◽  
Michelle Peiffer ◽  
Scott M. Geib ◽  
Cristina Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Defenses ◽  
Host Plant Species

scholarly journals Host-specific gene expression as a tool for introduction success in Naupactus parthenogenetic weevils

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0248202
Author(s):  
Ava Mackay-Smith ◽  
Mary Kate Dornon ◽  
Rosalind Lucier ◽  
Anna Okimoto ◽  
Flavia Mendonca de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Defenses ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Gene Expression Response

Food resource access can mediate establishment success in invasive species, and generalist herbivorous insects are thought to rely on mechanisms of transcriptional plasticity to respond to dietary variation. While asexually reproducing invasives typically have low genetic variation, the twofold reproductive capacity of asexual organisms is a marked advantage for colonization. We studied host-related transcriptional acclimation in parthenogenetic, invasive, and polyphagous weevils: Naupactus cervinus and N. leucoloma. We analyzed patterns of gene expression in three gene categories that can mediate weevil-host plant interactions through identification of suitable host plants, short-term acclimation to host plant defenses, and long-term adaptation to host plant defenses and their pathogens. This approach employed comparative transcriptomic methods to investigate differentially expressed host detection, detoxification, immune defense genes, and pathway-level gene set enrichment. Our results show that weevil gene expression responses can be host plant-specific, and that elements of that response can be maintained in the offspring. Some host plant groups, such as legumes, appear to be more taxing as they elicit a complex gene expression response which is both strong in intensity and specific in identity. However, the weevil response to taxing host plants shares many differentially expressed genes with other stressful situations, such as host plant cultivation conditions and transition to novel host, suggesting that there is an evolutionarily favorable shared gene expression regime for responding to different types of stressful situations. Modulating gene expression in the absence of other avenues for phenotypic adaptation may be an important mechanism of successful colonization for these introduced insects.

scholarly journals Parasitism by Cuscuta pentagona Attenuates Host Plant Defenses against Insect Herbivores

2007 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 987-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin B. Runyon ◽  
Mark C. Mescher ◽  
Consuelo M. De Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Defenses ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Cuscuta Pentagona

scholarly journals Altering Plant Defenses: Herbivore-Associated Molecular Patterns and Effector Arsenal of Chewing Herbivores

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saumik Basu ◽  
Suresh Varsani ◽  
Joe Louis
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Plant Defenses ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Herbivorous Insects ◽  
Host Defenses ◽  
Oral Secretions ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Chewing herbivores, such as caterpillars and beetles, while feeding on the host plant, cause extensive tissue damage and release a wide array of cues to alter plant defenses. Consequently, the cues can have both beneficial and detrimental impacts on the chewing herbivores. Herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs) are molecules produced by herbivorous insects that aid them to elicit plant defenses leading to impairment of insect growth, while effectors suppress plant defenses and contribute to increased susceptibility to subsequent feeding by chewing herbivores. Besides secretions that originate from glands (e.g., saliva) and fore- and midgut regions (e.g., oral secretions) of chewing herbivores, recent studies have shown that insect frass and herbivore-associated endosymbionts also play a critical role in modulating plant defenses. In this review, we provide an update on a growing body of literature that discusses the chewing insect HAMPs and effectors and the mechanisms by which they modulate host defenses. Novel “omic” approaches and availability of new tools will help researchers to move forward this discipline by identifying and characterizing novel insect HAMPs and effectors and how these herbivore-associated cues are perceived by host plant receptors.

scholarly journals A salivary ferritin in the whitefly suppresses plant defenses and facilitates host exploitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 3343-3355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Su ◽  
Zhengke Peng ◽  
Hong Tong ◽  
Wen Xie ◽  
Shaoli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Defenses ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Binding Ability ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Ferroxidase Activity

Abstract The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is an important pest of worldwide agriculture. Previous work has shown that B. tabaci actively suppresses host plant defenses, but our knowledge of the specific mechanisms involved remains limited. Here we describe a B. tabaci salivary protein, the ferritin BtFer1, and its role in facilitating exploitation of host plants. We show that BtFer1 exhibits Fe2+ binding ability and ferroxidase activity, and that secretion of BtFer1 during B. tabaci feeding suppresses H2O2-generated oxidative signals in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Silencing BtFer1 enhanced the induction of the jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defense signaling pathway in response to whitefly feeding, and led to increased callose deposition and the production of proteinase inhibitors that prevent whiteflies from continuously ingesting and digesting phloem sap. Consistent with these effects, silencing BtFer1 reduced whitefly survival on tomato but not on artificial diet. Using a JA-deficient spr2 mutant plant further showed that suppression of JA defenses by BtFer1 is sufficient to increase B. tabaci survival. Taken together, these results demonstrate that BtFer1 acts as an effector protein that mediates whitefly–tomato interactions. These findings represent an important step forward in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which whiteflies and other insect herbivores suppress host plant defenses.

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