scholarly journals Neutral Variation in the Context of Selection

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1359-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Charlesworth ◽  
Deborah Charlesworth
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Variation

Chromosomal Patterns of Microsatellite Variability Contrast Sharply in African and Non-African Populations of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
M Kauer ◽  
B Zangerl ◽  
D Dieringer ◽  
C Schlötterer
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Polymorphism ◽  
Background Selection ◽  
Selective Sweeps ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Neutral Variation ◽  
Colonization Process ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Levels of neutral variation are influenced by background selection and hitchhiking. The relative contribution of these evolutionary forces to the distribution of neutral variation is still the subject of ongoing debates. Using 133 microsatellites, we determined levels of variability on X chromosomes and autosomes in African and non-African D. melanogaster populations. In the ancestral African populations microsatellite variability was higher on X chromosomes than on autosomes. In non-African populations X-linked polymorphism is significantly more reduced than autosomal variation. In non-African populations we observed a significant positive correlation between X chromosomal polymorphism and recombination rate. These results are consistent with the interpretation that background selection shapes levels of neutral variability in the ancestral populations, while the pattern in derived populations is determined by multiple selective sweeps during the colonization process. Further research, however, is required to investigate the influence of inversion polymorphisms and unequal sex ratios.

Neutral variation does not predict immunogenetic variation in the European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) -implications for management

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (21) ◽  
pp. 4157-4173 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vanessa Huml ◽  
Martin I. Taylor ◽  
W. Edwin Harris ◽  
Robin Sen ◽  
Jonathan S. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Thymallus Thymallus ◽  
European Grayling ◽  
Neutral Variation

scholarly journals Spatial patterns of immunogenetic and neutral variation underscore the conservation value of small, isolated American badger populations

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1271-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yessica Rico ◽  
Danielle M. Ethier ◽  
Christina M. Davy ◽  
Josh Sayers ◽  
Richard D. Weir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Neutral Variation ◽  
American Badger

scholarly journals Joint Effects of Genetic Hitchhiking and Background Selection on Neutral Variation

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 1415-1427
Author(s):  
Yuseob Kim ◽  
Wolfgang Stephan
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Directional Selection ◽  
Background Selection ◽  
Recombination Rates ◽  
Joint Effects ◽  
Locus Model ◽  
Neutral Variation ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Multilocus Model ◽  
Neutral Mutations

Abstract Due to relatively high rates of strongly selected deleterious mutations, directional selection on favorable alleles (causing hitchhiking effects on linked neutral polymorphisms) is expected to occur while a deleterious mutation-selection balance is present in a population. We analyze this interaction of directional selection and background selection and study their combined effects on neutral variation, using a three-locus model in which each locus is subjected to either deleterious, favorable, or neutral mutations. Average heterozygosity is measured by simulations (1) at the stationary state under the assumption of recurrent hitchhiking events and (2) as a transient level after a single hitchhiking event. The simulation results are compared to theoretical predictions. It is shown that known analytical solutions describing the hitchhiking effect without background selection can be modified such that they accurately predict the joint effects of hitchhiking and background on linked, neutral variation. Generalization of these results to a more appropriate multilocus model (such that background selection can occur at multiple sites) suggests that, in regions of very low recombination rates, stationary levels of nucleotide diversity are primarily determined by hitchhiking, whereas in regions of high recombination, background selection is the dominant force. The implications of these results on the identification and estimation of the relevant parameters of the model are discussed.

Stylistic Variation in Evolutionary Perspective: Inferences from Decorative Diversity and Interassemblage Distance in Illinois Woodland Ceramic Assemblages

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser D. Neiman
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Stylistic Variation ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Neutral Variation ◽  
Ceramic Assemblages

Certain aspects of what archaeologists have traditionally called stylistic variation can be understood as the result of the introduction of selectively neutral variation into social-learning populations and the sampling error in the cultural transmission of that variation (drift). Simple mathematical models allow the deduction of expectations for the dynamics of these evolutionary mechanisms as monitored in the archaeological record through assemblage diversity and interassemblage distance. The models are applied to make inferences about the causes of change in decorative diversity and interassemblage distance for Woodland ceramics from Illinois.

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