scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism and the Evolution of Sex-Biased Gene Expression in the Brown Alga Ectocarpus

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1581-1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Lipinska ◽  
Alexandre Cormier ◽  
Rémy Luthringer ◽  
Akira F. Peters ◽  
Erwan Corre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Brown Alga ◽  
Evolution Of Sex

scholarly journals How different is the evolution of sex-biased gene expression between plants and animals? A commentary on: ‘Sexual dimorphism and rapid turnover in gene expression in pre-reproductive seedlings of a dioecious herb’

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (7) ◽  
pp. iv-v ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Muyle
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Evolution Of Sex ◽  
Rapid Turnover

This article comments on: Guillaume G. Cossard, Melissa A. Toups and John R. Pannell. 2019. Sexual dimorphism and rapid turnover in gene expression in pre-reproductive seedlings of a dioecious herb. Annals of Botany 123(7): 1119–1131.

scholarly journals High rates of evolution preceded shifts to sex-biased gene expression in Leucadendron, the most sexually dimorphic angiosperms

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Scharmann ◽  
Anthony G Rebelo ◽  
John R Pannell
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Sex Bias ◽  
Evolution Of Sex ◽  
Rates Of Evolution ◽  
Expression Evolution ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
And Shifts

Differences between males and females are usually more subtle in dioecious plants than animals, but strong sexual dimorphism has evolved convergently in the South African Cape plant genus Leucadendron. Such sexual dimorphism in leaf size is expected largely to be due to differential gene expression between the sexes. We compared patterns of gene expression in leaves among ten Leucadendron species across the genus. Surprisingly, we found no positive association between sexual dimorphism in morphology and the number or the percentage of sex-biased genes. Sex bias in most sex-biased genes evolved recently and was species-specific. We compared rates of evolutionary change in expression for genes that were sex-biased in one species but unbiased in others and found that sex-biased genes evolved faster in expression than un-biased genes. This greater rate of expression evolution of sex-biased genes, also documented in animals, might suggest the possible role of sexual selection in the evolution of gene expression. However, our comparative analysis clearly indicates that the more rapid rate of expression evolution of sex-biased genes predated the origin of bias, and shifts towards bias were depleted in signatures of adaptation. Our results are thus more consistent with the view that sex bias is simply freer to evolve in genes less subject to constraints in expression level.

scholarly journals Sex-dependent dynamics of metabolism in primary mouse hepatocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luise Hochmuth ◽  
Christiane Körner ◽  
Fritzi Ott ◽  
Daniela Volke ◽  
Kaja Blagotinšek Cokan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Primary Hepatocytes ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Primary Mouse

AbstractThe liver is one of the most sexually dimorphic organs. The hepatic metabolic pathways that are subject to sexual dimorphism include xenobiotic, amino acid and lipid metabolism. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma are among diseases with sex-dependent prevalence, progression and outcome. Although male and female livers differ in their abilities to metabolize foreign compounds, including drugs, sex-dependent treatment and pharmacological dynamics are rarely applied in all relevant cases. Therefore, it is important to consider hepatic sexual dimorphism when developing new treatment strategies and to understand the underlying mechanisms in model systems. We isolated primary hepatocytes from male and female C57BL6/N mice and examined the sex-dependent transcriptome, proteome and extracellular metabolome parameters in the course of culturing them for 96 h. The sex-specific gene expression of the general xenobiotic pathway altered and the female-specific expression of Cyp2b13 and Cyp2b9 was significantly reduced during culture. Sex-dependent differences of several signaling pathways increased, including genes related to serotonin and melatonin degradation. Furthermore, the ratios of male and female gene expression were inversed for other pathways, such as amino acid degradation, beta-oxidation, androgen signaling and hepatic steatosis. Because the primary hepatocytes were cultivated without the influence of known regulators of sexual dimorphism, these results suggest currently unknown modulatory mechanisms of sexual dimorphism in vitro. The large sex-dependent differences in the regulation and dynamics of drug metabolism observed during cultivation can have an immense influence on the evaluation of pharmacodynamic processes when conducting initial preclinical trials to investigate potential new drugs.

scholarly journals Glucocorticoid receptor expression on circulating leukocytes differs between healthy male and female adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim D. Lu ◽  
Shlomit Radom-Aizik ◽  
Fadia Haddad ◽  
Frank Zaldivar ◽  
Monica Kraft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Natural Killer Cells ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Killer Cells

IntroductionThe glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a key receptor involved in inflammatory responses and is influenced by sex steroids. This study measured GR expression on circulating leukocyte subtypes in males and females.MethodsA total of 23 healthy adults (12 female) participated in this study. GR expression was measured in leukocyte subtypes using flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression of GR (NR3C1), GR β, TGF-β1 and 2, and glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsLeukocyte GR was lower in females, particularly in granulocytes, natural killer cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (p≤0.01). GR protein expression was different across leukocyte subtypes, with higher expression in eosinophils compared with granulocytes, T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells (p<0.05). There was higher gene expression of GR β in males (p=0.03).ConclusionsThis is the first study to identify sexual dimorphism in GR expression in healthy adults using flow cytometry. These results may begin to explain the sexual dimorphism seen in many diseases and sex differences in glucocorticoid responsiveness.

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism and sex-biased gene expression in an egg parasitoid species, Anastatus disparis

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-Cheng Liu ◽  
De-Jun Hao ◽  
Hao-Yuan Hu ◽  
Jian-Rong Wei
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Parasitoid Species

scholarly journals The nutritionally responsive transcriptome of the polyphenic beetle Onthophagus taurus and the importance of sexual dimorphism and body region

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1797) ◽  
pp. 20142084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teiya Kijimoto ◽  
Emilie C. Snell-Rood ◽  
Melissa H. Pespeni ◽  
Guilherme Rocha ◽  
Karen Kafadar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Onthophagus Taurus ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences

Developmental responses to nutritional variation represent one of the ecologically most important classes of adaptive plasticity. However, knowledge of genome-wide patterns of nutrition-responsive gene expression is limited. Here, we studied genome-wide transcriptional responses to nutritional variation and their dependency on trait and sex in the beetle Onthophagus taurus. We find that averaged across the transcriptome, nutrition contributes less to overall variation in gene expression than do sex or body region, but that for a modest subset of genes nutrition is by far the most important determinant of expression variation. Furthermore, our results reject the hypothesis that a common machinery may underlie nutrition-sensitive development across body regions. Instead, we find that magnitude (measured by number of differentially expressed contigs), composition (measured by functional enrichment) and evolutionary consequences (measured by patterns of sequence variation) are heavily dependent on exactly which body region is considered and the degree of sexual dimorphism observed on a morphological level. More generally, our findings illustrate that studies into the developmental mechanisms and evolutionary consequences of nutrition-biased gene expression must take into account the dynamics and complexities imposed by other sources of variation in gene expression such as sexual dimorphism and trait type.

scholarly journals Sex-biased gene expression in the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus

BMC Genomics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria João F Martins ◽  
Catarina F Mota ◽  
Gareth A Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Brown Alga ◽  
Fucus Vesiculosus

scholarly journals Testosterone Affects Neural Gene Expression Differently in Male and Female Juncos: A Role for Hormones in Mediating Sexual Dimorphism and Conflict

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e61784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P. Peterson ◽  
Kimberly A. Rosvall ◽  
Jeong-Hyeon Choi ◽  
Charles Ziegenfus ◽  
Haixu Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Male And Female
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