scholarly journals Natural Variation of Heterokaryon Incompatibility Gene het-c in Podospora anserina Reveals Diversifying Selection

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 962-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bastiaans ◽  
Alfons J.M. Debets ◽  
Duur K. Aanen ◽  
Anne D. van Diepeningen ◽  
Sven J. Saupe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Variation ◽  
Podospora Anserina ◽  
Diversifying Selection ◽  
Heterokaryon Incompatibility

Characterization of hch , the Podospora anserina homolog of the het-c heterokaryon incompatibility gene of Neurospora crassa

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven J. Saupe ◽  
Corinne Clavé ◽  
Martine Sabourin ◽  
Joël Bégueret
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Podospora Anserina ◽  
Heterokaryon Incompatibility

scholarly journals Molecular Genetics of Heterokaryon Incompatibility in Filamentous Ascomycetes

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven J. Saupe
Keyword(s):  
Gene Evolution ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Podospora Anserina ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Heterokaryon Incompatibility ◽  
Nonself Recognition ◽  
Incompatibility Reaction

SUMMARY Filamentous fungi spontaneously undergo vegetative cell fusion events within but also between individuals. These cell fusions (anastomoses) lead to cytoplasmic mixing and to the formation of vegetative heterokaryons (i.e., cells containing different nuclear types). The viability of these heterokaryons is genetically controlled by specific loci termed het loci (for heterokaryon incompatibility). Heterokaryotic cells formed between individuals of unlike het genotypes undergo a characteristic cell death reaction or else are severely inhibited in their growth. The biological significance of this phenomenon remains a puzzle. Heterokaryon incompatibility genes have been proposed to represent a vegetative self/nonself recognition system preventing heterokaryon formation between unlike individuals to limit horizontal transfer of cytoplasmic infectious elements. Molecular characterization of het genes and of genes participating in the incompatibility reaction has been achieved for two ascomycetes, Neurospora crassa and Podospora anserina. These analyses have shown that het genes are diverse in sequence and do not belong to a gene family and that at least some of them perform cellular functions in addition to their role in incompatibility. Divergence between the different allelic forms of a het gene is generally extensive, but single-amino-acid differences can be sufficient to trigger incompatibility. In some instances het gene evolution appears to be driven by positive selection, which suggests that the het genes indeed represent recognition systems. However, work on nonallelic incompatibility systems in P. anserina suggests that incompatibility might represent an accidental activation of a cellular system controlling adaptation to starvation.

Anthropogenic and natural variation in ridge and slough pollen assemblages

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Bernhardt ◽  
D.A. Willard ◽  
M. Marot ◽  
C.W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Natural Variation ◽  
Ridge And Slough
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