scholarly journals More Than One-to-Four via 2R: Evidence of an Independent Amphioxus Expansion and Two-Gene Ancestral Vertebrate State for MyoD-Related Myogenic Regulatory Factors (MRFs)

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 2966-2982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine E Aase-Remedios ◽  
Clara Coll-Lladó ◽  
David E K Ferrier
Keyword(s):  
Gene Duplication ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Myogenic Regulatory Factors ◽  
Regulatory Factors ◽  
Ancestral Function ◽  
Gene Duplication And Loss ◽  
New Type ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factors

Abstract The evolutionary transition from invertebrates to vertebrates involved extensive gene duplication, but understanding precisely how such duplications contributed to this transition requires more detailed knowledge of specific cases of genes and gene families. Myogenic differentiation (MyoD) has long been recognized as a master developmental control gene and member of the MyoD family of bHLH transcription factors (myogenic regulatory factors [MRFs]) that drive myogenesis across the bilaterians. Phylogenetic reconstructions within this gene family are complicated by multiple instances of gene duplication and loss in several lineages. Following two rounds of whole-genome duplication (2R WGD) at the origin of the vertebrates, the ancestral function of MRFs is thought to have become partitioned among the daughter genes, so that MyoD and Myf5 act early in myogenic determination, whereas Myog and Myf6 are expressed later, in differentiating myoblasts. Comparing chordate MRFs, we find an independent expansion of MRFs in the invertebrate chordate amphioxus, with evidence for a parallel instance of subfunctionalization relative to that of vertebrates. Conserved synteny between chordate MRF loci supports the 2R WGD events as a major force in shaping the evolution of vertebrate MRFs. We also resolve vertebrate MRF complements and organization, finding a new type of vertebrate MRF gene in the process, which allowed us to infer an ancestral two-gene state in the vertebrates corresponding to the early- and late-acting types of MRFs. This necessitates a revision of previous conclusions about the simple one-to-four origin of vertebrate MRFs.

scholarly journals Gene duplication drives genome expansion in a major lineage of Thaumarchaeota

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul O. Sheridan ◽  
◽  
Sebastien Raguideau ◽  
Christopher Quince ◽  
Jennifer Holden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Gene Duplication ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Major Lineage ◽  
Genome Expansion ◽  
Soils And Sediments ◽  
Carbohydrate Transport ◽  
Gene Duplication And Loss ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ammonia Oxidising Archaea

Abstract Ammonia-oxidising archaea of the phylum Thaumarchaeota are important organisms in the nitrogen cycle, but the mechanisms driving their radiation into diverse ecosystems remain underexplored. Here, existing thaumarchaeotal genomes are complemented with 12 genomes belonging to the previously under-sampled Nitrososphaerales to investigate the impact of lateral gene transfer (LGT), gene duplication and loss across thaumarchaeotal evolution. We reveal a major role for gene duplication in driving genome expansion subsequent to early LGT. In particular, two large LGT events are identified into Nitrososphaerales and the fate of these gene families is highly lineage-specific, being lost in some descendant lineages, but undergoing extensive duplication in others, suggesting niche-specific roles. Notably, some genes involved in carbohydrate transport or coenzyme metabolism were duplicated, likely facilitating niche specialisation in soils and sediments. Overall, our results suggest that LGT followed by gene duplication drives Nitrososphaerales evolution, highlighting a previously under-appreciated mechanism of genome expansion in archaea.

Myogenic regulatory factors regulate M-cadherin expression by targeting its proximal promoter elements

2010 ◽  
Vol 428 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Pin Hsiao ◽  
Shen Liang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Initiation Site ◽  
Proximal Promoter ◽  
Myogenic Regulatory Factors ◽  
Regulatory Factors ◽  
Cell Cell

M- and N-cadherin are members of the Ca2+-dependent cell–cell adhesion molecule family. M-cadherin is expressed predominantly in developing skeletal muscles and has been implicated in terminal myogenic differentiation, particularly in myoblast fusion. N-cadherin-mediated cell–cell adhesion also plays an important role in skeletal myogenesis. In the present study, we found that both genes were differentially expressed in C2C12 and Sol8 myoblasts during myogenic differentiation and that the expression of M-cadherin was preferentially enhanced in slow-twitch muscle. Interestingly, most MRFs (myogenic regulatory factors) significantly activated the promoter of M-cadherin, but not that of N-cadherin. In line with this, overexpression of MyoD in C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts strongly induced endogenous M-cadherin expression. Promoter analysis in silico and in vitro identified an E-box (from −2 to +4) abutting the transcription initiation site within the M-cadherin promoter that is bound and differentially activated by different MRFs. The activation of the M-cadherin promoter by MRFs was also modulated by Bhlhe40 (basic helix–loop–helix family member e40). Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation proved that MyoD as well as myogenin binds to the M-cadherin promoter in vivo. Taken together, these observations identify a molecular mechanism by which MRFs regulate M-cadherin expression directly to ensure the terminal differentiation of myoblasts.

Inhibition of mechanosensitive cation channels inhibits myogenic differentiation by suppressing the expression of myogenic regulatory factors and caspase‐3 activity

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 1986-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nia Wedhas ◽  
Henry J. Klamut ◽  
Charu Dogra ◽  
Apurva K. Srivastava ◽  
Subburaman Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Cation Channels ◽  
Myogenic Regulatory Factors ◽  
Regulatory Factors

scholarly journals Gene duplication drives genome expansion in Thaumarchaeota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul O. Sheridan ◽  
Sebastien Raguideau ◽  
Christopher Quince ◽  
Tom A. Williams ◽  
Cécile Gubry-Rangin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Gene Duplication ◽  
Lateral Gene Transfer ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Large Gene ◽  
Genome Expansion ◽  
Genomic Divergence ◽  
Gene Duplication And Loss ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAmmonia-oxidising archaea of the phylum Thaumarchaeota are keystone species in global nitrogen cycling. However, only three of the six known families of the terrestrially ubiquitous order Nitrososphaerales possess representative genomes. Here we provide genomes for the three remaining families and examine the impact of gene duplication, loss and transfer events across the entire phylum. Much of the genomic divergence in this phylum is driven by gene duplication and loss, but we also detected early lateral gene transfer that introduced considerable proteome novelty. In particular, we identified two large gene transfer events into Nitrososphaerales. The fate of gene families originating on these branches was highly lineage-specific, being lost in some descendant lineages, but undergoing extensive duplication in others, suggesting niche-specific roles within soil and sediment environments. Overall, our results suggest that lateral gene transfer followed by gene duplication drives Nitrososphaerales evolution, highlighting a previously under-appreciated mechanism of genome expansion in archaea.

scholarly journals The Homeodomain Protein Barx2 Promotes Myogenic Differentiation and Is Regulated by Myogenic Regulatory Factors

2002 ◽  
Vol 278 (10) ◽  
pp. 8269-8278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Meech ◽  
Helen Makarenkova ◽  
David B. Edelman ◽  
Frederick S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Homeodomain Protein ◽  
Myogenic Regulatory Factors ◽  
Regulatory Factors

Expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) in human neuromuscular disorders

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Olive ◽  
J. A. Martinez-Matos ◽  
P. Pirretas ◽  
M. Povedano ◽  
C. Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Myogenic Regulatory Factors ◽  
Regulatory Factors

TPA-Induced Differentiation of Human Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells: Expression of the Myogenic Regulatory Factors

1993 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bouché ◽  
M.I. Senni ◽  
A.M. Grossi ◽  
F. Zappelli ◽  
M. Polimeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myogenic Regulatory Factors ◽  
Induced Differentiation ◽  
Regulatory Factors

scholarly journals Research Note: Increased myostatin expression and decreased expression of myogenic regulatory factors in embryonic ages in a quail line with muscle hypoplasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 100978
Author(s):  
Dong-Hwan Kim ◽  
Young Min Choi ◽  
Yeunsu Suh ◽  
Sangsu Shin ◽  
Joonbum Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Note ◽  
Myogenic Regulatory Factors ◽  
Regulatory Factors
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