scholarly journals Constraints on the chemical enrichment history of the Perseus Cluster of galaxies from high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 483 (2) ◽  
pp. 1701-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Simionescu ◽  
S Nakashima ◽  
H Yamaguchi ◽  
K Matsushita ◽  
F Mernier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Enrichment ◽  
Cluster Of Galaxies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Perseus Cluster

scholarly journals Thermal History of Matrix Forsterite Grains from Murchison Based on High-resolution Tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (2) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Giulia Perotti ◽  
Henning O. Sørensen ◽  
Henning Haack ◽  
Anja C. Andersen ◽  
Dario Ferreira Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Density Maps ◽  
Thermally Processed ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chondrule Formation

Abstract Protoplanetary disks are dust- and gas-rich structures surrounding protostars. Depending on the distance from the protostar, this dust is thermally processed to different degrees and accreted to form bodies of varying chemical compositions. The primordial accretion processes occurring in the early protoplanetary disk such as chondrule formation and metal segregation are not well understood. One way to constrain them is to study the morphology and composition of forsteritic grains from the matrix of carbonaceous chondrites. Here, we present high-resolution ptychographic X-ray nanotomography and multimodal chemical microtomography (X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence) to reveal the early history of forsteritic grains extracted from the matrix of the Murchison CM2.5 chondrite. The 3D electron density maps revealed, at unprecedented resolution (64 nm), spherical inclusions containing Fe–Ni, very little silica-rich glass and void caps (i.e., volumes where the electron density is consistent with conditions close to vacuum) trapped in forsterite. The presence of the voids along with the overall composition, petrological textures, and shrinkage calculations is consistent with the grains experiencing one or more heating events with peak temperatures close to the melting point of forsterite (∼2100 K), and subsequently cooled and contracted, in agreement with chondrule-forming conditions.

The X-ray structure of the Perseus cluster of galaxies

1976 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Wolff ◽  
R. J. Mitchell ◽  
P. A. Charles ◽  
J. L. Culhane
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Cluster Of Galaxies ◽  
Perseus Cluster

scholarly journals X-ray Spectra of Clusters of Galaxies

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig L. Sarazin
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Absorption Line ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Clusters Of Galaxies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Line Measurement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intracluster Gas ◽  
X Ray Absorption

AbstractX-ray line observations of clusters of galaxies have shown that the X-ray emission in clusters is mainly thermal emission from hot diffuse gas, and that much of this gas has come out of stars, probably having been ejected from galaxies in the cluster. Future high resolution observations should allow us to determine the physical state of the gas. X-ray line measurements and abundance determinations can lead to strong constraints on the origin of the intracluster gas, and on the chemical evolution and history of galaxies. Some of the stronger resonant X-ray lines may be observable as absorption lines against a background quasar. Such X-ray absorption line measurement can be used to directly derive distances to clusters, using a technique similar to (and possibly complementary to) that the well-known method using the Zel’dovich-Syunyaev effect.

scholarly journals Atomic data and spectral modeling constraints from high-resolution X-ray observations of the Perseus cluster with Hitomi*

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitomi Collaboration, Felix Aharonian ◽  
Hiroki Akamatsu ◽  
Fumie Akimoto ◽  
Steven W Allen ◽  
Lorella Angelini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Atomic Data ◽  
Spectral Modeling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Perseus Cluster

scholarly journals Pancoast tumour presenting as shoulder pain with Horner’s syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. bcr-2018-227873
Author(s):  
Nimlan Shanmugathas ◽  
Kapil Mohan Rajwani ◽  
Shumontha Dev
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Horner’S Syndrome ◽  
Horner's Syndrome ◽  
X Ray ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray

A 54-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a 4-week history of right shoulder pain radiating down his arm, with some associated sensory loss. Further questioning and examination in the department revealed a classical Horner’s syndrome; miosis, partial ptosis and hemifacial anhidrosis. An initial chest X-ray was deemed to be unremarkable; however, further review by a radiologist noted asymmetrical right apical thickening. A subsequent high-resolution CT scan of the chest revealed a right-sided Pancoast tumour. This case highlights the importance of a thorough history and examination in identifying a rare cause of shoulder and/or back pain.

scholarly journals The hot ISM of early-type galaxies

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (H15) ◽  
pp. 271-272
Author(s):  
G. Fabbiano
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Elliptical Galaxies ◽  
Hydrostatic Equilibrium ◽  
Early Type ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis talks reviews the history of the discovery of the hot ISM in elliptical galaxies, and the ensuing debate on the suitability of X-ray observations of these galaxies for mass measurements. How much of the X-ray emission is truly from a hot ISM, and is this ISM in hydrostatic equilibrium? While the debate went on, a deeper understanding on the evolution of the halos was generated. High resolution Chandra observations are providing an answer.

scholarly journals High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of astrophysical plasmas with X-ray microcalorimeters

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Ezoe ◽  
Takaya Ohashi ◽  
Kazuhisa Mitsuda
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
High Resolution Spectroscopy ◽  
Astrophysical Plasmas ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Perseus Cluster

AbstractHigh spectral resolution with a resolving power, $$E/\Delta E \gtrsim 1000$$ E / Δ E ≳ 1000 at 6 keV, is now available in X-ray astronomy. X-ray observations are particularly effective for plasma studies since major atomic transitions appear as spectral features in the X-ray band. High-resolution spectroscopy enables us to probe a wide variety of astrophysical plasmas, which are not obtainable from ground experiments, regarding their temperature, density, magnetic field, gravity, and velocity. In this review, we describe what are the X-ray emitting plasmas in the Universe, along with basic plasma diagnostics, and depict historical development of the techniques used for the X-ray spectroscopy. We outline the X-ray microcalorimeter instrument, soft X-ray spectrometer (SXS), onboard the ASTRO-H satellite. Despite the short lifetime of the satellite in orbit for about a month, observations with the SXS have shown the remarkable power of high-resolution spectroscopy in X-ray astronomy. Observed spectrum of the hot plasma in the core region of the Perseus cluster showed He-like Fe K-line to be clearly resolved into resonance, forbidden and intercombination lines for the first time. The line width indicates that the turbulent pressure amounts to only 4% of the thermal pressure of the plasma. We also describe new findings and constraints obtained from the superb spectrum of the Perseus cluster, which all indicate a great potential of X-ray spectroscopy. The recovery of the spectroscopy science of ASTRO-H is aimed at with XRISM, a Japanese mission planned for launch in early 2020s. In further future, Athena will expand the rich science with its high sensitivity and spectral resolution in early 2030s.

A soft X-ray map of the Perseus cluster of galaxies

1976 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. L111 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Cash ◽  
R. F. Malina ◽  
R. S. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Cluster Of Galaxies ◽  
Perseus Cluster

scholarly journals Idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. e231095
Author(s):  
Matthew Pizzuto ◽  
Matthew Seychell ◽  
Brendan Caruana Montaldo ◽  
Adrian Mizzi
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Eosinophilic Pneumonia ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Interlobular Septal Thickening

A 44-year-old asthmatic male patient presented to the health centre with a 3-week history of coryzal symptoms, persistent productive sputum and shortness of breath. The chest X-ray (CXR) revealed symmetrical, perihilar airspace shadowed with peribronchial cuffing and bilateral reticular markings. The patient did not improve despite treatment, and hence a high resolution CT (HRCT) scan of the thorax was recommended. The HRCT showed smooth interlobular septal thickening, central perihilar soft tissue thickening and patches of ground glass changes. Both the CXR and HRCT findings, along with the symptoms and eosinophilia counts, were suggestive of idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia (IAEP) which was confirmed on bronchoalveolar lavage. The patient was successfully treated with steroids. This case highlights the symptoms, diagnosis, management and treatment of IAEP. A rapid diagnosis of this rare disease is essential since it can be completely cured with correct management but can be fatal if left untreated. Once properly treated, this disease does not recur.

scholarly journals The Metal Content of the Hot Atmospheres of Galaxy Groups

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Fabio Gastaldello ◽  
Aurora Simionescu ◽  
Francois Mernier ◽  
Veronica Biffi ◽  
Massimo Gaspari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Chemical Abundances ◽  
Abundance Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Galaxy Groups ◽  
Chemical Enrichment ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hydrodynamical Simulations

Galaxy groups host the majority of matter and more than half of all the galaxies in the Universe. Their hot (107 K), X-ray emitting intra-group medium (IGrM) reveals emission lines typical of many elements synthesized by stars and supernovae. Because their gravitational potentials are shallower than those of rich galaxy clusters, groups are ideal targets for studying, through X-ray observations , feedback effects, which leave important marks on their gas and metal contents. Here, we review the history and present status of the chemical abundances in the IGrM probed by X-ray spectroscopy. We discuss the limitations of our current knowledge, in particular due to uncertainties in the modeling of the Fe-L shell by plasma codes, and coverage of the volume beyond the central region. We further summarize the constraints on the abundance pattern at the group mass scale and the insight it provides to the history of chemical enrichment. Parallel to the observational efforts, we review the progress made by both cosmological hydrodynamical simulations and controlled high-resolution 3D simulations to reproduce the radial distribution of metals in the IGrM, the dependence on system mass from group to cluster scales, and the role of AGN and SN feedback in producing the observed phenomenology. Finally, we highlight future prospects in this field, where progress will be driven both by a much richer sample of X-ray emitting groups identified with eROSITA, and by a revolution in the study of X-ray spectra expected from micro-calorimeters onboard XRISM and ATHENA.

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