scholarly journals Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam excavates colossal over- and under-dense structures over 360 deg2 out to z = 1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhythm Shimakawa ◽  
Yuichi Higuchi ◽  
Masato Shirasaki ◽  
Masayuki Tanaka ◽  
Yen-Ting Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Weak Lensing ◽  
Density Peaks ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Data Release ◽  
Strategic Program ◽  
Point Data ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Subaru Strategic Program with the Hyper-Suprime Cam (HSC-SSP) has proven to be successful with its extremely-wide area coverage in past years. Taking advantages of this feature, we report initial results from exploration and research of expansive over- and under-dense structures at z = 0.3 – 1 based on the second Public Data Release where optical 5-band photometric data for ∼ eight million sources with i < 23 mag are available over ∼360 square degrees. We not only confirm known superclusters but also find candidates of titanic over- and under-dense regions out to z = 1. The mock data analysis suggests that the density peaks would involve one or more massive dark matter haloes (>1014 M⊙) of the redshift, and the density troughs tend to be empty of massive haloes over >10 comoving Mpc. Besides, the density peaks and troughs at z ≲ 0.6 are in part identified as positive and negative weak lensing signals respectively, in mean tangential shear profiles, showing a good agreement with those inferred from the full-sky weak lensing simulation. The coming extensive spectroscopic surveys will be able to resolve these colossal structures in three-dimensional space. The number density information over the entire survey field is available as grid-point data on the website of the HSC-SSP data release (https://hsc.mtk.nao.ac.jp/ssp/data-release/).

scholarly journals Two- and three-dimensional wide-field weak lensing mass maps from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program S16A data

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (SP1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamune Oguri ◽  
Satoshi Miyazaki ◽  
Chiaki Hikage ◽  
Rachel Mandelbaum ◽  
Yousuke Utsumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Weak Lensing ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Strategic Program

Moire´-Holographic Technique for Three-Dimensional Stress Analysis

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Sciammarella ◽  
G. Di Chirico ◽  
T.-Y. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Double Beam ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Hologram Interferometry ◽  
Moire Method ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The moire´ method is combined with hologram interferometry to obtain the three displacements of an arbitrarily deformed plane in the three-dimensional space. Double beam interference patterns are utilized. The interfering beams are obtained from the diffraction patterns of a grating printed in the analyzed plane. The in-plane and the out-of-plane displacements are measured in separate steps and yield separate patterns. The patterns are generated by double exposure and observed by a wave front reconstruction process. The experimental results included in the paper show a good agreement with theoretical results, proving the feasibility of the proposed technique.

scholarly journals Second data release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Aihara ◽  
Yusra AlSayyad ◽  
Makoto Ando ◽  
Robert Armstrong ◽  
James Bosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Band ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Partially Observed ◽  
Data Release ◽  
Artifact Rejection ◽  
Strategic Program

Abstract This paper presents the second data release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program, a wide-field optical imaging survey using the 8.2 m Subaru Telescope. The release includes data from 174 nights of observation through 2018 January. The Wide layer data cover about 300 deg$^2$ in all five broad-band filters ($grizy$) to the nominal survey exposure (10 min in $gr$ and 20 min in $izy$). Partially observed areas are also included in the release; about 1100 deg$^2$ is observed in at least one filter and one exposure. The median seeing in the i-band is ${0_{.}^{\prime \prime }6}$, demonstrating the superb image quality of the survey. The Deep (26 deg$^2$) and UltraDeep (4 deg$^2$) data are jointly processed and the UltraDeep-COSMOS field reaches an unprecedented depth of $i\sim 28$ at $5 \, \sigma$ for point sources. In addition to the broad-band data, narrow-band data are also available in the Deep and UltraDeep fields. This release includes a major update to the processing pipeline, including improved sky subtraction, PSF modeling, object detection, and artifact rejection. The overall data quality has been improved, but this release is not without problems; there is a persistent deblender problem as well as new issues with masks around bright stars. The user is encouraged to review the issue list before utilizing the data for scientific explorations. All the image products as well as catalog products are available for download. The catalogs are also loaded into a database, which provides an easy interface for users to retrieve data for objects of interest. In addition to these main data products, detailed galaxy shape measurements withheld from Public Data Release 1 (PDR1) are now available to the community. The shape catalog is drawn from the S16A internal release, which has a larger area than PDR1 (160 deg$^2$). All products are available at the data release site, https://hsc-release.mtk.nao.ac.jp/.

Experimental and numerical analyses of wedge effects on the rooster tail and porpoising phenomenon of a high-speed planing craft in calm water

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (13) ◽  
pp. 4637-4652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayyed Mahdi Sajedi ◽  
Parviz Ghadimi ◽  
Mohammad Sheikholeslami ◽  
Mohammad A Ghassemi
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Planing Craft ◽  
Calm Water ◽  
Space Discretization ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper presents experimental and numerical investigation of stability and rooster tail of a mono-hull high-speed planing craft with a constant deadrise angle. Initially, a one-fifth scale model was tested in a towing tank, which showed porpoising phenomenon at 8 m/s (equal to the speed of sailing). Subsequently, two wedges of 5 and 10 mm heights, based on the boundary layer calculations, were mounted on the aft section of the planing hull. These wedges were shown to increase the lift at the aft section. These experiments were carried out at different speeds up to 10 m/s in calm water. The experimental results indicated that the installed wedges reduced the trim, drag, and the elapsed time for reaching the hump peak, and also eliminated the porpoising condition. All these test cases were also numerically simulated using Star CCM+ software. The free surface was modeled using the volume of fluid scheme in three-dimensional space. The examined planing craft had two degrees of freedom, and overset mesh technique was used for space discretization. The obtained numerical results were compared with experimental data and good agreement was displayed in the presented comparisons. Ultimately, the effect of the wedge on the rooster tail behind the planing craft was studied. The results of this investigation showed that by decreasing the trim at a constant speed, the height of the generated wake profile (rooster tail) behind the craft decreases, albeit its length increases.

scholarly journals The splashback radius of optically selected clusters with Subaru HSC Second Public Data Release

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoma Murata ◽  
Tomomi Sunayama ◽  
Masamune Oguri ◽  
Surhud More ◽  
Atsushi J Nishizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Clusters ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Redshift Range ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Data Release ◽  
Strategic Program ◽  
Galaxy Populations ◽  
Halo Occupation Distribution

Abstract Recent constraints on the splashback radius around optically selected galaxy clusters from the redMaPPer cluster-finding algorithm in the literature have shown that the observed splashback radius is ${\sim}20\%$ smaller than that predicted by N-body simulations. We present analyses on the splashback features around ∼ 3000 optically selected galaxy clusters detected by the independent cluster-finding algorithm CAMIRA over a wide redshift range of 0.1 < zcl < 1.0 from the second public data release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Subaru Strategic Program covering ∼427 deg2 for the cluster catalog. We detect the splashback feature from the projected cross-correlation measurements between the clusters and photometric galaxies over the wide redshift range, including for high-redshift clusters at 0.7 < zcl < 1.0, thanks to deep HSC images. We find that constraints from red galaxy populations only are more precise than those without any color cut, leading to 1σ precisions of ${\sim}15\%$ at 0.4 < zcl < 0.7 and 0.7 < zcl < 1.0. These constraints at 0.4 < zcl < 0.7 and 0.7 < zcl < 1.0 are more consistent with the model predictions (≲1σ) than their $20\%$ smaller values as suggested by the previous studies with the redMaPPer (∼2σ). We also investigate selection effects of the optical cluster-finding algorithms on the observed splashback features by creating mock galaxy catalogs from a halo occupation distribution model, and find such effects to be sub-dominant for the CAMIRA cluster-finding algorithm. We also find that the redMaPPer-like cluster-finding algorithm induces a smaller inferred splashback radius in our mock catalog, especially at lower richness, which can well explain the smaller splashback radii in the literature. In contrast, these biases are significantly reduced when increasing its aperture size. This finding suggests that aperture sizes of optical cluster finders that are smaller than splashback feature scales can induce significant biases on the inferred location of a splashback radius.

Deep Spatial–focal Network for Depth from Focus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherzod Salokhiddinov ◽  
Seungkyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Depth Estimation ◽  
Depth Image ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Depth From Focus ◽  
Training Samples ◽  
Public Data

Traditional depth from focus (DFF) methods obtain depth image from a set of differently focused color images. They detect in-focus region at each image by measuring the sharpness of observed color textures. However, estimating sharpness of arbitrary color texture is not a trivial task especially when there are limited color or intensity variations in an image. Recent deep learning based DFF approaches have shown that the collective estimation of sharpness in a set of focus images based on large body of training samples outperforms traditional DFF with challenging target objects with textureless or glaring surfaces. In this article, we propose a deep spatial–focal convolutional neural network that encodes the correlations between consecutive focused images that are fed to the network in order. In this way, our neural network understands the pattern of blur changes of each image pixel from a volumetric input of spatial–focal three-dimensional space. Extensive quantitative and qualitative evaluations on existing three public data sets show that our proposed method outperforms prior methods in depth estimation.

Three Dimensional structure and organization of diploid chromosomes by optical section microscopy

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 633-635
Author(s):  
David A. Agard ◽  
Yasushi Hiraoka ◽  
John W. Sedat
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Three Dimensional Structure ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Dynamic Structures

In an effort to understand the complex relationship between structure and biological function within the nucleus, we have embarked on a program to examine the three-dimensional structure and organization of Drosophila melanogaster embryonic chromosomes. Our overall goal is to determine how DNA and proteins are organized into complex and highly dynamic structures (chromosomes) and how these chromosomes are arranged in three dimensional space within the cell nucleus. Futher, we hope to be able to correlate structual data with such fundamental biological properties as stage in the mitotic cell cycle, developmental state and transcription at specific gene loci.Towards this end, we have been developing methodologies for the three-dimensional analysis of non-crystalline biological specimens using optical and electron microscopy. We feel that the combination of these two complementary techniques allows an unprecedented look at the structural organization of cellular components ranging in size from 100A to 100 microns.

Diffraction contrast of dislocations in icosahedral quasicrystals

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
K. Urban ◽  
Z. Zhang ◽  
M. Wollgarten ◽  
D. Gratias
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Extinction Condition ◽  
Burgers Vector ◽  
Diffraction Contrast ◽  
Lattice Geometry ◽  
Reference Space ◽  
Icosahedral Quasicrystals ◽  
The One

Recently dislocations have been observed by electron microscopy in the icosahedral quasicrystalline (IQ) phase of Al65Cu20Fe15. These dislocations exhibit diffraction contrast similar to that known for dislocations in conventional crystals. The contrast becomes extinct for certain diffraction vectors g. In the following the basis of electron diffraction contrast of dislocations in the IQ phase is described. Taking account of the six-dimensional nature of the Burgers vector a “strong” and a “weak” extinction condition are found.Dislocations in quasicrystals canot be described on the basis of simple shear or insertion of a lattice plane only. In order to achieve a complete characterization of these dislocations it is advantageous to make use of the one to one correspondence of the lattice geometry in our three-dimensional space (R3) and that in the six-dimensional reference space (R6) where full periodicity is recovered . Therefore the contrast extinction condition has to be written as gpbp + gobo = 0 (1). The diffraction vector g and the Burgers vector b decompose into two vectors gp, bp and go, bo in, respectively, the physical and the orthogonal three-dimensional sub-spaces of R6.

Flavin radicals, conformational sampling and robust design principles in interprotein electron transfer: the trimethylamine dehydrogenase-electron-transferring flavoprotein complex

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
David Leys ◽  
Jaswir Basran ◽  
François Talfournier ◽  
Kamaldeep K. Chohan ◽  
Andrew W. Munro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Assembly ◽  
Conformational Sampling ◽  
Trimethylamine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Key Residues ◽  
Electron Transferring Flavoprotein ◽  
Electron Transfer Complex

TMADH (trimethylamine dehydrogenase) is a complex iron-sulphur flavoprotein that forms a soluble electron-transfer complex with ETF (electron-transferring flavoprotein). The mechanism of electron transfer between TMADH and ETF has been studied using stopped-flow kinetic and mutagenesis methods, and more recently by X-ray crystallography. Potentiometric methods have also been used to identify key residues involved in the stabilization of the flavin radical semiquinone species in ETF. These studies have demonstrated a key role for 'conformational sampling' in the electron-transfer complex, facilitated by two-site contact of ETF with TMADH. Exploration of three-dimensional space in the complex allows the FAD of ETF to find conformations compatible with enhanced electronic coupling with the 4Fe-4S centre of TMADH. This mechanism of electron transfer provides for a more robust and accessible design principle for interprotein electron transfer compared with simpler models that invoke the collision of redox partners followed by electron transfer. The structure of the TMADH-ETF complex confirms the role of key residues in electron transfer and molecular assembly, originally suggested from detailed kinetic studies in wild-type and mutant complexes, and from molecular modelling.

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