scholarly journals A PPMAP analysis of the filamentary structures in Ophiuchus L1688 and L1689

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A D P Howard ◽  
A P Whitworth ◽  
M J Griffin ◽  
K A Marsh ◽  
M W L Smith
Keyword(s):  
B Stars ◽  
Mapping Algorithm ◽  
Dust Temperature ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prestellar Cores ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The One ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Rule Out

Abstract We use the PPMAP (Point Process MAPping) algorithm to re-analyse the Herschel and SCUBA-2 observations of the L1688 and L1689 sub-regions of the Ophiuchus molecular cloud. PPMAP delivers maps with high resolution (here 14″, corresponding to ∼0.01 pc at ∼140 pc), by using the observations at their native resolutions. PPMAP also delivers more accurate dust optical depths, by distinguishing dust of different types and at different temperatures. The filaments and prestellar cores almost all lie in regions with $N_{\rm H_2}\gtrsim 7\times 10^{21}\, {\rm cm}^{-2}$ (corresponding to $A_{_{\rm V}}\gtrsim 7$). The dust temperature, T, tends to be correlated with the dust opacity index, β, with low T and low β tend concentrated in the interiors of filaments. The one exception to this tendency is a section of filament in L1688 that falls – in projection – between the two B stars, S1 and HD147889; here T and β are relatively high, and there is compelling evidence that feedback from these two stars has heated and compressed the filament. Filament fwhms are typically in the range 0.10 pc to 0.15 pc. Most filaments have line densities in the range $25\, {\rm M_{_\odot }\, pc^{-1}}$ to $65\, {\rm M_{_\odot }\, pc^{-1}}$. If their only support is thermal gas pressure, and the gas is at the canonical temperature of 10 K, the filaments are highly supercritical. However, there is some evidence from ammonia observations that the gas is significantly warmer than this, and we cannot rule out the possibility of additional support from turbulence and/or magnetic fields. On the basis of their spatial distribution, we argue that most of the starless cores are likely to disperse (rather than evolving to become prestellar).

scholarly journals L1495 revisited: a ppmap view of a star-forming filament

2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (1) ◽  
pp. 962-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
A D P Howard ◽  
A P Whitworth ◽  
K A Marsh ◽  
S D Clarke ◽  
M J Griffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Line ◽  
Kinetic Temperature ◽  
Line Density ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Fitting Procedure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prestellar Cores ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Average Profile

ABSTRACT We have analysed the Herschel and SCUBA-2 dust continuum observations of the main filament in the Taurus L1495 star-forming region, using the Bayesian fitting procedure ppmap. (i) If we construct an average profile along the whole length of the filament, it has FWHM $\simeq 0.087\pm 0.003\, {\rm pc};\,\,$ but the closeness to previous estimates is coincidental. (ii) If we analyse small local sections of the filament, the column-density profile approximates well to the form predicted for hydrostatic equilibrium of an isothermal cylinder. (iii) The ability of ppmap to distinguish dust emitting at different temperatures, and thereby to discriminate between the warm outer layers of the filament and the cold inner layers near the spine, leads to a significant reduction in the surface-density, $\varSigma$, and hence in the line-density, μ. If we adopt the canonical value for the critical line-density at a gas-kinetic temperature of $10\, {\rm K}$, $\mu _{{\rm CRIT}}\simeq 16\, {\rm M_{\odot }\, pc^{-1}}$, the filament is on average trans-critical, with ${\bar{\mu }}\sim \mu _{{\rm CRIT}};\,\,$ local sections where μ > μCRIT tend to lie close to prestellar cores. (iv) The ability of ppmap to distinguish different types of dust, i.e. dust characterized by different values of the emissivity index, β, reveals that the dust in the filament has a lower emissivity index, β ≲ 1.5, than the dust outside the filament, β ≳ 1.7, implying that the physical conditions in the filament have effected a change in the properties of the dust.

scholarly journals Experimental Study for the Stripping of PTFE Coatings on Al-Mg Substrates Using Dry Abrasive Materials

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 799
Author(s):  
Guillermo Guerrero-Vaca ◽  
David Carrizo-Tejero ◽  
Óscar Rodríguez-Alabanda ◽  
Pablo E. Romero ◽  
Esther Molero
Keyword(s):  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Glass Microspheres ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Different Types ◽  
One Step ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Substrate Hardness

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coatings are used in many applications and processing industries. With their use, they wear out and lose properties and must be replaced by new ones if the cost of the element so advises. There are different stripping techniques, but almost all of them are very difficult and require strict environmental controls. It is a challenge to approach the process through efficient and more sustainable techniques. In the present work, we have studied the stripping of PTFE coatings by projection with abrasives (1 step) as an alternative to carbonization + sandblasting procedures (2 steps). For this purpose, different types of abrasives have been selected: brown corundum, white corundum, glass microspheres, plastic particles, and a walnut shell. The tests were performed at pressures from 0.4 to 0.6 MPa on PTFE-coated aluminium substrates of EN AW-5182 H111 alloy. Stripping rates, surface roughness, and substrate hardness have been studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of sandblasted specimens have also been obtained. All abrasives improved mechanical and surface properties in one-step vs. two-step processes. The abrasives of plastic and glass microspheres are the most appropriate for the one-step process, which increases the hardness and roughness level Ra in the substrate. Corundum abrasives enable the highest stripping rates.

scholarly journals Role Substitution in Preschoolers’ Play with DifferentTypes of Materials for Pretend Play

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
I.A. Ryabkova ◽  
E.G. Sheina
Keyword(s):  
Pretend Play ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Different Levels

This paper is devoted to the observation of preschoolers’ free play with different types of materials for pretend play. It is shown that role substitution varies in play with different materials. When children played with play costumes (role markers), many of them renamed themselves; however, the roles were similar in character and strictly related to the proposed costumes. Also, children rarely performed their role through actions. Playing with character toys turned out to be gender specific. Boys rarely played a role, preferring a director's position. Girls’ play was of different levels of complexity, their roles were complementary to their toys and original in character. When children played with toys that imitate real objects (cups, swords, irons and so on), they were less likely to rename themselves, the roles were rather similar; however, almost all children acted from inside their roles. The most balanced environment for pretend play was the one with open-ended materials: many children renamed themselves, and the roles were original (in fact, originality was the highest with this type of materials), many children performed the role through play actions (this was especially true for older preschoolers). The exception were 6-year-old children who, despite renaming themselves, did not perform any play actions in this environment.

Static and Dynamic Studies of Gasoline in View of its Octane Number and its Toxic Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 451-459
Author(s):  
Ashraf Yehia El-Naggar ◽  
Mohamed A. Ebiad
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Octane Number ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Gasoline come primarily from petroleum cuts, it is the preferred liquid fuel in our lives. Two gasoline samples of octane numbers 91 and 95 from Saudi Arabia petrol stations were studied. This study was achieved at three different temperatures 20oC, 30oC and 50oC representing the change in temperatures of the different seasons of the year. Both the evaporated gases of light aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) of gasoline samples inside the tank were subjected to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively via capillary gas chromatography. The detailed hydrocarbon composition and the octane number of the studied gasoline samples were determined using detailed hydrocarbon analyzer. The idea of research is indicating the impact of light aromatic compounds in gasoline on the toxic effect of human and environment on the one hand, and on octane number of gasoline on the other hand. Although the value of octane number will be reduced but this will have a positive impact on the environment as a way to produce clean fuel.

Types of refractive errors and methods for their diagnosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Olga Lemzyakova
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Vision Correction ◽  
Light Rays ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Degrees Of Severity ◽  
The Brain

Refraction of the eye means its ability to bend (refract) light in its own optical system. In a normal state, which is called emmetropia, light rays passing through the optical system of the eye focus on the retina, from where the impulse is transmitted to the visual cortex of the brain and is analyzed there. A person sees equally well both in the distance and near in this situation. However, very often, refractive errors develop as a result of various types of influences. Myopia, or short-sightedness, occurs when the light rays are focused in front of the retina as a result of passing through the optical system of the eye. In this case, a person will clearly distinguish close objects and have difficulties in seeing distant objects. On the opposite side is development of farsightedness (hypermetropia), in which the focusing of light rays occurs behind the retina — such a person sees distant objects clearly, but outlines of closer objects are out of focus. Near vision impairment in old age is a natural process called presbyopia, it develops due to the lens thickening. Both myopia and hypermetropia can have different degrees of severity. The variant, when different refractive errors are observed in different eyes, is called anisometropia. In the same case, if different types of refraction are observed in the same eye, it is astigmatism, and most often it is a congenital pathology. Almost all of the above mentioned refractive errors require correction with spectacles or use of contact lenses. Recently, people are increasingly resorting to the methods of surgical vision correction.

Is Empathy Required for Making Moral Judgments?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Deigh
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Psychological Profile ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Additional Support

This essay is a study of the nature of moral judgment. Its main thesis is that moral judgment is a type of judgment defined by its content and not its psychological profile. The essay arrives at this thesis through a critical examination of Hume’s sentimentalism and the role of empathy in its account of moral judgment. The main objection to Hume’s account is its exclusion of people whom one can describe as making moral judgments though they have no motivation to act on them. Consideration of such people, particularly those with a psychopathic personality, argues for a distinction between different types of moral judgment in keeping with the essay’s main thesis. Additional support for the main thesis is then drawn from Piaget’s theory of moral judgment in children.

scholarly journals The Diagnosis and Therapy of Degenerative Knee Joint Disease: Expert Consensus from the Chinese Pain Medicine Panel

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Huang ◽  
Yan-Qing Liu ◽  
Li-Shuang Liang ◽  
Xue-Wu Lin ◽  
Tao Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Pain Specialist ◽  
Chinese Association ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Based Medicine

At present, there are many constantly updated guidelines and consensuses on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis both at home and abroad. The recommendations established using methods of evidence-based medicine has experienced strict research on controlling bias and promoting reproduction rate. As a result, the previous evidence was reevaluated, and a lot of changes were provoked in the diagnosis and treatment concept of osteoarthritis. However, several methods not recommended by foreign guidelines are still in use in the current clinical practice in China. On the one hand, Chinese experts have not reached extensive consensus on whether it is necessary to make changes according to foreign guidelines. On the other hand, almost all the current relevant guidelines are on osteoarthritis, but the lesions around knee joints which, as a whole, bear the largest weight in human body, cannot be ignored. For this purpose, Chinese Association for the Study of Pain (CASP) organized some leading experts to formulate this Chinese Pain Specialist Consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative knee osteoarthritis (DKOA) in combination with the guidelines in foreign countries and the expert experience of clinical practice in China. The consensus, which includes the definition, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestation, diagnostic criteria, and treatments of DKOA, is intended to be used by first-line doctors, including pain physicians to manage patients with DKOA.

scholarly journals GERMINATION AND VIGOUR IN SEEDS OF THE COWPEA IN RESPONSE TO SALT AND HEAT STRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luma Rayane de Lima Nunes ◽  
Paloma Rayane Pinheiro ◽  
Charles Lobo Pinheiro ◽  
Kelly Andressa Peres Lima ◽  
Alek Sandro Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Temperatures

ABSTRACT Salinity is prejudicial to plant development, causing different types of damage to species, or even between genotypes of the same species, with the effects being aggravated when combined with other types of stress, such as heat stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to salt stress at different temperatures. Seeds of the Pujante, Epace 10 and Marataoã genotypes were placed on paper rolls (Germitest®) moistened with different salt concentrations of 0.0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, and placed in a germination chamber (BOD) at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design, in a 3 × 4 × 5 scheme of subdivided plots, with four replications per treatment. The variables under analysis were germination percentage, first germination count, shoot and root length, and total seedling dry weight. At temperatures of 30 and 35°C, increases in the salt concentration were more damaging to germination in the Epace 10 and Pujante genotypes, while for the Marataoã genotype, damage occurred at the temperature of 20°C. At 25°C, germination and vigour in the genotypes were higher, with the Pujante genotype proving to be more tolerant to salt stress, whereas Epace 10 and Marataoã were more tolerant to high temperatures. Germination in the cowpea genotypes was more sensitive to salt stress when subjected to heat stress caused by the low temperature of 20°C or high temperature of 35°C.

Recent advances in synthesis of organometallic complexes of indium

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-151
Author(s):  
Hira Anwar ◽  
Rosenani A. Haque ◽  
Rahman Shah Zaib Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Material Science ◽  
Thin Film Transistors ◽  
Heterocyclic Carbenes ◽  
Organometallic Complexes ◽  
Organic Ligands ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
Indium Complexes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Different Temperatures

AbstractThe indium complexes are being used in many applications like catalysis, optoelectronics, sensors, solar cells, biochemistry, medicine, infrared (IR) mirrors and thin-film transistors (TFTs). In organometallic complexes of indium, it forms different types of complexes with single, double, triple and tetra linkages by coordinating with numerous elements like C, N, O and S and also with some other elements like Se and Ru. So, the present study comprises all the possible ways to synthesize the indium complexes by reacting with different organic ligands; most of them are N-heterocyclic carbenes, amines, amides and phenols. The commonly used solvents for these syntheses are tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, toluene, benzene, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water. According to the nature of the ligands, indium complexes were reported at different temperatures and stirring time. Because of their unique characteristics, the organometallic chemistry of group 13 metal indium complexes remains a subject of continuing interest in synthetic chemistry as well as material science.

scholarly journals A Bird’s-Eye View of Cell Sources for Cell-Based Therapies in Blood Cancers

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1333
Author(s):  
Benjamin Motais ◽  
Sandra Charvátová ◽  
Matouš Hrdinka ◽  
Michal Šimíček ◽  
Tomáš Jelínek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Antigen Receptors ◽  
Chimeric Antigen Receptors ◽  
Blood Cancer ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Cell Source ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cell Sources ◽  
The One ◽  
Initial Results

Hematological malignancies comprise over a hundred different types of cancers and account for around 6.5% of all cancers. Despite the significant improvements in diagnosis and treatment, many of those cancers remain incurable. In recent years, cancer cell-based therapy has become a promising approach to treat those incurable hematological malignancies with striking results in different clinical trials. The most investigated, and the one that has advanced the most, is the cell-based therapy with T lymphocytes modified with chimeric antigen receptors. Those promising initial results prepared the ground to explore other cell-based therapies to treat patients with blood cancer. In this review, we want to provide an overview of the different types of cell-based therapies in blood cancer, describing them according to the cell source.

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