scholarly journals The origin of low-surface-brightness galaxies in the dwarf regime

2021 ◽  
Vol 502 (3) ◽  
pp. 4262-4276
Author(s):  
R A Jackson ◽  
G Martin ◽  
S Kaviraj ◽  
M Ramsøy ◽  
J E G Devriendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Surface Brightness ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Sloan Digital Sky Survey ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Low Surface Brightness ◽  
Gas Accretion ◽  
Low Surface Brightness Galaxies

ABSTRACT Low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSBGs) – defined as systems that are fainter than the surface-brightness limits of past wide-area surveys – form the overwhelming majority of galaxies in the dwarf regime (M⋆ < 109 M⊙). Using NewHorizon, a high-resolution cosmological simulation, we study the origin of LSBGs and explain why LSBGs at similar stellar mass show the large observed spread in surface brightness. NewHorizon galaxies populate a well-defined locus in the surface brightness–stellar mass plane, with a spread of ∼3 mag arcsec−2, in agreement with deep Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82 data. Galaxies with fainter surface brightnesses today are born in regions of higher dark matter density. This results in faster gas accretion and more intense star formation at early epochs. The stronger resultant supernova feedback flattens gas profiles at a faster rate, which, in turn, creates shallower stellar profiles (i.e. more diffuse systems) more rapidly. As star formation declines towards late epochs ( z < 1), the larger tidal perturbations and ram pressure experienced by these systems (due to their denser local environments) accelerate the divergence in surface brightness, by increasing their effective radii and reducing star formation, respectively. A small minority of dwarfs depart from the main locus towards high surface brightnesses, making them detectable in past wide surveys (e.g. standard-depth SDSS images). These systems have anomalously high star formation rates, triggered by recent fly-by or merger-driven starbursts. We note that objects considered extreme or anomalous at the depth of current data sets, e.g. ‘ultra-diffuse galaxies’, actually dominate the predicted dwarf population and will be routinely visible in future surveys like the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST).

scholarly journals Linking Clustering Properties and the Evolution of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (S244) ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
Dominik J. Bomans ◽  
S. Dominik Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Sloan Digital Sky Survey ◽  
Dark Matter Halo ◽  
Sky Survey ◽  
Low Surface Brightness ◽  
Low Surface Brightness Galaxies ◽  
Lsb Galaxies

AbstractThe reasons for the presence of two branches of galaxy evolution, one producing high surface brightness disks and one creating low surface brightness disks, is still unknown. Possible are the imprint of the properties of the dark matter halo, as well as evolutionary effects. In this paper we present an analysis of the clustering properties of LSB and HSB galaxies using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We show that LSB galaxies reside in regions of lower galaxy density than HSB galaxies on all scales between 0.8 and 8 Mpc, from scales of galaxy pairs to filaments of the Large Scale Structure. This implies a probable scenario of LSB galaxies preferentially forming as a result of local peaks in the large-scale valleys of the primordial density distribution.

scholarly journals The formation of ultradiffuse galaxies in clusters

2020 ◽  
Vol 494 (2) ◽  
pp. 1848-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura V Sales ◽  
Julio F Navarro ◽  
Louis Peñafiel ◽  
Eric W Peng ◽  
Sungsoon Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Lower Velocity ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Hydrodynamical Simulation ◽  
Low Surface Brightness ◽  
Mass Size ◽  
Low Surface Brightness Galaxies

ABSTRACT We use the IllustrisTNG cosmological hydrodynamical simulation to study the formation of ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs) in galaxy clusters. We supplement the simulations with a realistic mass–size relation for galaxies at the time of infall into the cluster, as well as an analytical model to describe the tidally induced evolution of their stellar mass, velocity dispersion, and size. The model assumes ‘cuspy’ NFW haloes and, contrary to recent claims, has no difficulty reproducing the observed number of UDGs in clusters. Our results further suggest that the UDG population consists of a mixture of ‘normal’ low surface brightness galaxies such as those found in the field (‘born’ UDGs, or B-UDGs), as well as a distinct population that owe their large size and low surface brightness to the effects of cluster tides (‘tidal’, or T-UDGs). The simulations indicate that T-UDGs entered the cluster earlier and should be more prevalent than B-UDGs near the cluster centres. T-UDGs should also have, at given stellar mass, lower velocity dispersion, higher metallicities, and lower dark matter content than B-UDGs. Our results suggest that systems like DF-44 are consistent with having been born as UDGs, while others such as DF2, DF4, and VLSB-D are possibly extreme T-UDG examples.

scholarly journals Molecular Gas and Star-formation in Low Surface Brightness Galaxies

2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian-Wen Cao ◽  
Hong Wu ◽  
Wei Du ◽  
Feng-Jie Lei ◽  
Ming Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Low Surface Brightness ◽  
Low Surface Brightness Galaxies

scholarly journals Massive low-surface-brightness galaxies in the eagle simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 496 (3) ◽  
pp. 3996-4016
Author(s):  
Andrea Kulier ◽  
Gaspar Galaz ◽  
Nelson D Padilla ◽  
James W Trayford
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Surface Density ◽  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Dark Matter Halo ◽  
Low Surface Brightness ◽  
Low Surface Brightness Galaxies

ABSTRACT We investigate the formation and properties of low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs) with M* > 109.5 M⊙ in the eagle hydrodynamical cosmological simulation. Galaxy surface brightness depends on a combination of stellar mass surface density and mass-to-light ratio (M/L), such that low surface brightness is strongly correlated with both galaxy angular momentum (low surface density) and low specific star formation rate (high M/L). This drives most of the other observed correlations between surface brightness and galaxy properties, such as the fact that most LSBGs have low metallicity. We find that LSBGs are more isolated than high-surface-brightness galaxies (HSBGs), in agreement with observations, but that this trend is driven entirely by the fact that LSBGs are unlikely to be close-in satellites. The majority of LSBGs are consistent with a formation scenario in which the galaxies with the highest angular momentum are those that formed most of their stars recently from a gas reservoir co-rotating with a high-spin dark matter halo. However, the most extended LSBG discs in EAGLE, which are comparable in size to observed giant LSBGs, are built up via mergers. These galaxies are found to inhabit dark matter haloes with a higher spin in their inner regions (<0.1r200c), even when excluding the effects of baryonic physics by considering matching haloes from a dark-matter-only simulation with identical initial conditions.

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