scholarly journals Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination Compliance in a Military Aviation Training Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (7-8) ◽  
pp. e1155-e1160
Author(s):  
Ian M Porter ◽  
Georgia Stoker ◽  
Samantha R Seals ◽  
Sabrina Drollinger ◽  
Heidi M Schutte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Prospective Analysis ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Military Aviation ◽  
Aviation Training ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
And Control

Abstract Introduction Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination compliance as reported by the CDC in 2011 falls short of a national goal to have 80% of adolescents vaccine-complete by 2020. The Naval Aviation Schools Command, Pensacola, Florida offers a single point of contact for military aviation trainees offering near-complete capture of an HPV vaccine target population. The purpose of this study is to identify baseline HPV vaccination rates among military aviation trainees and whether or not the provision of educational materials at the start of aviation training would increase future HPV vaccination compliance. Materials and methods Approval to conduct this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia. Our population of interest consisted of US Navy and Marine Corps student naval aviators, student naval flight officers (officers), and student enlisted air crew (enlisted) reporting for aviation related duty. A convenience sampling of officer and enlisted student classes checking in for training was performed over a period of 6 months. The first 3 months of students were assigned as the intervention group and the remaining 3 months of students were assigned to the control group. This study was conducted in two parts: (1) an anonymous survey captured cross-sectional data of self-reported HPV vaccine use, and (2) prospective analysis of service members’ HPV vaccine rates before and after educational intervention as documented within the military’s electronic health record system, Armed Forces Health Longitudinal Technology Application (AHLTA). Results AHLTA immunization status was evaluated for 1,164 personnel; 114 (9.8%) were excluded for missing basic vaccination information. Of the remaining 1,050, another 199 (19%) members were excluded as already vaccine complete (evidenced by three shots documented) prior to entry into the study. Within the 199 service members with documented baseline HPV vaccination completion, 197/199 (99%) were officers and 2/199 (0.1%) were enlisted. A total of 851 personnel were included for prospective analysis. Person-time of 100 person years was used and the vaccination rate translates to 16.62/100 person years (95% CI 11.29, 23.59) within intervention vs. 2.96/100 person years (95% CI 0.80, 7.58) within control groups and are significantly different (P = 0.0001). Comparing intervention and control groups, rate ratios = 5.61 (95% CI 2.14, 18.64) and rate differences = 13.66 (95% CI 7.13, 20.19). Among intervention group survey responders who previously reported nonvaccine use, 50.5% reported a change in opinion about obtaining the vaccination, with a higher proportion of enlisted members reporting a change in opinion (62.8% vs. 39.7%, P = 0.0053). Conclusions Electronic health records immunizations review noted a baseline vaccine completion rate of 19%. Our study showed a health inequity between enlisted and officers, with officers having 99% of the documented baseline completion rates per AHLTA data. Our prospective analysis noted statistically significant rate differences of 13.66% and rate ratios of 5.61 between intervention and control groups. This analysis of AHLTA data combined with survey response of 50.5% indicating a change in opinion about HPV vaccine use among those who had not yet started vaccine series suggests targeted education would be a low-cost intervention to improve HPV vaccine use rates.

Outreach and Reminders to Improve Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in an Integrated Primary Care System

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (13) ◽  
pp. 1523-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora B. Henrikson ◽  
Weiwei Zhu ◽  
Lauren Baba ◽  
Matthew Nguyen ◽  
Heidi Berthoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Health System ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Initiation ◽  
Series Completion ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

This study evaluated the impact of health system–based outreach and reminders on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine series initiation and completion. Parents of 10 to 12 year olds (n = 1805) were randomized to receive either (1) an outreach letter and brochure recommending HPV vaccination followed by automated HPV vaccine reminders or (2) usual care. We interviewed a subset of 50 parents to assess program acceptability. Outcomes were HPV vaccine initiation during the study period and on-time series completion. Rates of HPV vaccine initiation during the study period (July 2015 to August 2016) were similar between the intervention and control groups, but initiation within 120 days of randomization was higher in the intervention group (23.6% and 18.8%, P = .04) as was completion during the study period (10.3% vs 6.8%, P = .04). Reminders for doses 2 and 3 did not affect completion. The program was acceptable to parents. This study provides evidence that health system–based outreach and reminders can improve HPV vaccination.

HPV VACCINE AND CERVICAL CANCER

2011 ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Vu Quoc Huy Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

Persistent infection with high-risk Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been identified as the causal factor of cervical cancer, with relative risk up to 300-400 folds. This very close relationship leads to the preventive strategy of vaccination against HPV infections and HPV-related lesions. The article describes molecular and immunologic characteristics of HPV, currently available HPV vaccines and its protective effects; the relationship between HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening, and an introduction to therapeutic HPV vaccine trials.

457 The Impact of PAP Therapy on Hematocrit in OSA and Polycythemia: A Pilot Study

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A180-A181
Author(s):  
Mustafa Jafri ◽  
Gabrielle Rosa-Acosta ◽  
Jose Flores Martinez ◽  
Elizabeth Schofield ◽  
Cy Wilkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Testosterone Therapy ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Testosterone Administration ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Untreated polycythemia leads to complications including thrombosis. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is commonly associated with secondary erythrocytosis, which testosterone therapy can perpetuate. Effects of positive airway pressure (PAP) on elevated hematocrit (HCT) is unknown. We hypothesize PAP adherence can reduce HCT in men with OSA and polycythemia. Methods Retrospective chart review of male outpatients with newly diagnosed OSA and HCT≥45% at or 3 months before polysomnography (PSG) was conducted. Intervention group consisted of patients initiating PAP for OSA. HCT within 6 months of PAP initiation and PSG were recorded for intervention and control groups, respectively. Primary endpoint was time-to-HCT reduction of HCT<50% plus 3% decrease. Cox proportional-hazards analysis was used to assess time-to-HCT response. Demographics, smoking history, testosterone administration, STOP-Bang score, AHI, and PAP compliance data were obtained. Patients excluded if PAP not indicated, or if PSG, PAP compliance, or repeat HCT were unavailable. Results 41 men with OSA had HCT≥45%, of which 16 had HCT≥50%. Median age was 60 years and median BMI was 32 kg/m2. 28 started PAP. 21 met definition for PAP compliance within 6 months. Median AHI of intervention and control groups were 23 and 19 events/hr, respectively. Mean baseline HCT of both groups were 49 and 50, respectively. No significant difference in age, BMI, smoking history, testosterone therapy, and baseline HCT between both groups noted. 39% of intervention group exhibited HCT response at 1 or more longitudinal assessments, versus 38% of control. Intervention group had higher mean STOP-Bang than control (mean 5.9 vs. 4.6, p=0.01) and trended towards higher mean baseline AHI (27.4 vs. 19.0, p= 0.06). Time-to-event analysis controlling for STOP-Bang and AHI demonstrated PAP was not associated with time-to-HCT response (HR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.4–4.4). In moderate-severe OSA patients, 40% of intervention group had HCT response compared to 14% of control, though difference was not significant (HR = 2.5, 95% CI = 0.3–20.0). Conclusion Moderate-severe OSA patients trended towards reduction in HCT with PAP, although not statistically significant. Testosterone administration did not affect HCT response to PAP in this cohort. Larger studies are required to determine HCT response to PAP in these patients. Support (if any):

scholarly journals College Classroom Instructors Can Effectively Promote Standing among Students Provided with Standing Desks

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4464
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Chrisman ◽  
Robert Wright ◽  
William Purdy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Student Preferences ◽  
Standing Time ◽  
Urban University ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers ◽  
And Control

Standing desks may reduce sedentary behaviors in college students. Students at one mid-size urban university in the Midwestern United States were randomized into intervention (n = 21) and control groups (n = 27) to assess standing time when given access to standing desks. The intervention group received visual and oral instructor prompts to stand, while the control received no prompts during a 50 min lecture. All students were provided with adjustable tabletop standing desks. ActivPAL accelerometers measured sitting and standing time. A brief survey assessed student preferences, including facilitators and barriers to standing. Mean standing time was greater in the intervention vs. control group (26 vs. 17 min, p = 0.023). Students tended to stand in the corners and edges of the room. Main facilitators for standing included to break up sitting, reduce back pain, and increase attention and focus; main barriers were not wanting to distract others or be the only one standing. In total, 87.5% of intervention group participants found five prompts to stand were adequate. Students increased standing time in class when provided with standing desks and instructor prompts to stand. Findings can inform the layout of classrooms and when and how to promote standing desks during lectures.

scholarly journals Alleviating psychological distress associated with a positive cervical cancer screening result: a randomized control trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Isaka ◽  
Ai Hori ◽  
Rie Tanaka ◽  
Masao Ichikawa
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Screening Result

Abstract Background The method of communicating a positive cancer screening result should seek to alleviate psychological distress associated with a positive result. We evaluated whether the provision of information through a leaflet would help reduce psychological distress in a randomized controlled trial. Methods The participants were women aged 20–69 years who were about to undergo cervical cancer screening at health centers. Before the screening, they received hypothetical screening results, with a leaflet (intervention group, n = 493) or without it (control group, n = 479), randomly. Their psychological distress and intention to undergo further examination were then compared between the intervention and control groups. Results After the intervention (providing a leaflet with hypothetical screening results), psychological distress appeared to be higher in the control group than in the intervention group among those who received a hypothetical positive screening result (odds ratio: 2.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.87–3.54), while 95% and 97% of those in the intervention and control groups, respectively, reported that they would undergo further examination. Conclusions Information provision might help reduce psychological distress but not hinder further examination among women who screen positive for cervical cancer. Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000029894. Date of Registration: November 2017.

scholarly journals Schisto and Ladders version 2: a health educational board game to support compliance with school-based mass drug administration with praziquantel – a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Uchechukwu Ejike ◽  
Akinola Stephen Oluwole ◽  
Olaitan Olamide Omitola ◽  
Adedotun Ayodeji Bayegun ◽  
Islamiat Yetunde Shoneye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Board Game ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
School Based ◽  
Praziquantel Treatment ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background We redesigned the Schisto and Ladders health educational board game and evaluated its potential to encourage compliance to school-based mass drug administration with praziquantel. Methods Two hundred and seventy-five children from six schools who rejected praziquantel treatment were divided into intervention and control groups. Before the intervention, preassessment interviews were conducted on their knowledge about praziquantel treatment and schistosomiasis. The Schisto and Ladders version 2 game as an intervention, and the Snakes and Ladders game as a control, were played for 6 mo. Postassessment interviews, including focus group discussions, were conducted. Results At preassessment, 0/98 (0.0%) children in the intervention group had heard of praziquantel compared with 2/177 (1.1%) in the control group. Similarly, 0/98 (0.0%) children in the intervention group did not know that praziquantel does not kill compared with 4/177 (2.3%) in the control group. The postassessment showed that 53/78 (67.9%) in the intervention group were aware of praziquantel compared with 2/177 (1.1%) in the control group (p=0.000). Similarly, 53 (69.7%) in the intervention group knew about the safety of praziquantel compared with 0/177 (0.0%) in the control group (p=0.000). Sixty-four children (65.3%) from the intervention group sought praziquantel treatment after the trial. Conclusions Schisto and Ladders version 2 is a useful sensitisation tool with which to encourage compliance to praziquantel treatment in schools.

scholarly journals Impact of ascorbic acid in reducing the incidence of vancomycin associated nephrotoxicity in critically ill patients: A preliminary randomized controlled trial

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Nouran Hesham El-Sherazy ◽  
Naglaa Samir Bazan ◽  
Sara Mahmoud Shaheen ◽  
Nagwa A. Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
And Control

Background Antioxidants show nephroprotective effect against vancomycin associated nephrotoxicity (VAN) in animals. This study aimed to assess the ascorbic acid nephro-protective role against VAN clinically. Methods Forty-one critically ill patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: intervention group (vancomycin IV plus ascorbic acid, n=21) or control group (vancomycin IV only, n=20). Primary outcomes were the incidence of VAN and the absolute change in creatinine parameters, while mortality rate was the secondary outcome. Nephrotoxicity was defined as an increase in serum creatinine (S.cr) by at least 0.5 mg/dL or 50% of baseline for at least two successive measurements. This study is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03921099), April 2019. Results Mean absolute S.cr increase was significant when compared between both groups, P-value = 0.036, where S.cr increased by 0.05(0.12) and 0.34(0.55) mg/dL in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Mean absolute Cr.cl decline was significant when compared between both groups, P-value = 0.04, where Cr.cl was decreased by 5.9(17.8) and 22.3(30.4) ml/min in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Incidence of VAN was 1/21(4.7%) versus 5/20(25%) in the intervention and control groups, respectively (RR: 0.19; CI: 0.024–1.49; P-value = 0.093). Mortality was higher in the control group; however, it was not statistically significant, P-value = 0.141. Conclusion Co-administration of ascorbic acid with vancomycin preserved renal function and reduced the absolute risk of VAN by 20.3%, however, the reduction in VAN incidence didn’t reach statistical significance level. Further large multicenter prospective trials are recommended.

scholarly journals The Effect of Educational Intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on Nutritional Behavior with Regard to Cardiovascular Diseases among Health Volunteers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmat Rezabeigi Davarani ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mahmoodi ◽  
Narges Khanjani ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Fadakar
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Nutritional Behavior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background: We sought to evaluate the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on nutritional behaviors in relation to the cardiovascular disease (CVD) among health volunteers. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the participants included 128 active health volunteers. To conduct the study, 65 and 63 participants were randomly assigned into the intervention and control groups, respectively. Data were collected before and six weeks after the intervention using a validated researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of demographic variables, knowledge questions, and TPB constructs. Data were analyzed by Chi-square, t-test, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon test. Results: No significant difference was observed between the intervention and control groups with regard to the demographic characteristics, knowledge mean scores, and TPB constructs at the beginning of the study. However, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and nutritional behavior increased significantly (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.018, P = 0.007, and P < 0.001, respectively) in the intervention group six weeks after the beginning of study. Significant differences were observed in nutritional performance of the intervention group, in other words the nutritional behavior of the intervention group members changed during the intervention. Conclusion: The PBC was the strongest construct in attitude. To optimize nutritional interventions in preventing the CVD, TPB should be implemented in educational interventions.

scholarly journals Android-Based Education toward the Role of Postpartum Primipara Mothers in Fulfilling the Independent Perinium Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Werna Nontji ◽  
Dwi Kartika Sari ◽  
Sitti Maria Ulfa ◽  
Syafruddin Syarif ◽  
Inez Vravty Lestari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Android App ◽  
And Control ◽  
Perineal Care

Background: Educating mothers during their postpartum period could potentially help them to overcome some important phases after giving birth. The process of education is evaluated based on the mothers’ knowledge about their independent self-care. Independency is an activity that is started individually and is done based on self-capability. The independency in the postpartum care is not only important to decrease the mother’s mortality and morbidity rate, but it is also crucial to strengthen and improve the post-partum mother’s healthy behavior during the perineal care. Providing education using Android-based application called BUBI Care could be potential to facilitate a more dynamic transfer of knowledge to the postpartum mothers.Aims: To analyze the knowledge, skills, and independence of primipara postpartum mothers in independent perineal care before and after accessing BUBI Care app. Research Method: employing quasi experimental research with pre-test and post-test design with control group design. The sample for this research were 19 pregnant mothers TM III (pregnancy age of ? 38 weeks) on each group. The treatment group was educated using BUBI Care Android app that was conducted at one of Public Health Center. The control group was educated without BUBI Care that was conducted at a Midwife Practice Clinic. The research was conducted on September to October 2020. Study Result: According to the Wilcoxon test, there was a difference in the pre-test knowledge of the treatment and control groups with the similar median of 53 and p-value of 0.666, the treatment group showed their scores improved to 80 on the post-test while the control group stayed at 53 with the p-value of 0.000. It means that BUBI Care app education influences the post-test. On the other hand, the perineal care skill saw a difference between the intervention and control groups. The intervention group had a mean of 70.05 and 56.68 for the control group with the p-value of 0.002 which means that there was an influence from the BUBI Care app education. Additionally, Mann Whitney test showed that the intervention group had a mean score of 78.95, but the control group only had 49.26, the total difference between the two are 29.69 with the p-value of 0.000. It can be concluded that there is a significance in difference in the independency rate from the provision of BUBI Care Android app education.Conclusion:  there is a significance effect on the intervention group in terms of Android based usage.

Effect of buddy-style intervention on exercise adherence in community-dwelling disabled older adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 026921552110411
Author(s):  
Hiromichi Takeda ◽  
Katsuhiko Takatori
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Day Care ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective To assess the preliminary effects of a buddy-style intervention to improve exercise adherence. Design A parallel-group, open-label, pilot randomized controlled trial. Setting Adult day-care centers. Participants Sixty-five disabled older adults. Interventions All participants underwent a 12-week home exercise program, and the intervention group received a 5–10 min buddy-style intervention between older adults in the intervention group once weekly at an adult day-care center. Main measures Based on the exercise log calendar, the number of days of exercise was assessed for each of the three phases: 1–4 weeks, 5–8 weeks, and 9–12 weeks. Short physical performance battery was measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. Results Of the 590 screened older adults, 65 were recruited and 33 were assigned to the intervention group. One participant in each group withdrew before the program began, and four and five patients in the intervention and control groups, respectively, dropped out by the 12-week assessment. Analysis of covariance of the 28 and 26 patients in the intervention and control groups, respectively, for whom exercise log calendars could be retrieved, showed that the intervention group (24.4/28 days) exercised significantly more days than the control group (20.6/28 days) at 9–12 weeks ( P = 0.009). In the between-group effect of the intention-to-treat analysis of short physical performance battery, walking and standing test ( P = 0.790, P = 0.829) were not significantly different, and balance test ( P = 0.049) was significantly better in the control group. Conclusions There was a preliminary effect of the buddy-style intervention to improve exercise adherence.

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