A formal analysis of the role of argumentation in negotiation dialogues

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 957-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Amgoud ◽  
S. Vesic
Keyword(s):  
Formal Analysis

scholarly journals Balancing the formal and the informal in user-centred design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Harrison ◽  
Paolo Masci ◽  
José Creissac Campos
Keyword(s):  
Formal Methods ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
User Evaluation ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
User Centred Design ◽  
Early Design Stages ◽  
Cooperative Evaluation

Abstract This paper explores the role of formal methods as part of the user-centred design of interactive systems. An iterative process is described, developing prototypes incrementally, proving user-centred requirements while at the same time evaluating the prototypes that are executable forms of the developed models using ‘traditional’ techniques for user evaluation. A formal analysis complements user evaluations. This approach enriches user-centred design that typically focuses understanding on context and producing sketch designs. These sketches are often non-functional (e.g. paper) prototypes. They provide a means of exploring candidate design possibilities using techniques such as cooperative evaluation. This paper describes a further step in the process using formal analysis techniques. The use of formal methods provides a systematic approach to checking plausibility and consistency during early design stages, while at the same time enabling the generation of executable prototypes. The technique is illustrated through an example based on a pill dispenser.

scholarly journals Specific and Complete Local Integration of Patterns in Bayesian Networks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Biehl ◽  
Takashi Ikegami ◽  
Daniel Polani
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Lower Bound ◽  
Bayesian Networks ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Local Integration

We present a first formal analysis of specific and complete local integration. Complete local integration was previously proposed as a criterion for detecting entities or wholes in distributed dynamical systems. Such entities in turn were conceived to form the basis of a theory of emergence of agents within dynamical systems. Here, we give a more thorough account of the underlying formal measures. The main contribution is the disintegration theorem which reveals a special role of completely locally integrated patterns (what we call ι-entities) within the trajectories they occur in. Apart from proving this theorem we introduce the disintegration hierarchy and its refinement-free version as a way to structure the patterns in a trajectory. Furthermore we construct the least upper bound and provide a candidate for the greatest lower bound of specific local integration. Finally, we calculate the i-entities in small example systems as a first sanity check and find that ι-entities largely fulfil simple expectations.

THE UNEXPECTED ASPECTS OF SURPRISE

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 817-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMILIANO LORINI ◽  
CRISTIANO CASTELFRANCHI
Keyword(s):  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Relational Properties ◽  
Epistemic States ◽  
Motivational States ◽  
Operational Models

Some symbolic AI models, for example, BDI (belief, desire, intention) models are conceived as explicit and operational models of the intentional pursuit and belief dynamics. The main concern of these models is to provide a clear understanding of the functional roles of different kinds of epistemic and motivational states (beliefs, acceptances, expectations, intentions, goals, desires, etc. …), of the relational properties among them. Mental configurations of appraisal (involving different kinds of motivational and epistemic states) which correspond to particular cognitive emotions such as disappointment, fear, relief, shame, etc. … have been analyzed by several authors close to the BDI theoretical tradition. The main objective of this work is a formal analysis of Surprise in a BDI-like cognitive architecture. A clarification of the functional role of Surprise in a BDI-like cognitive architecture with respect to resource bounded belief revision is given.

scholarly journals ROLE OF ENGLISH AFFIXOIDS IN MODERN UKRAINIAN, RUSSIAN AND FRENCH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Samoilenko
Keyword(s):  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
French Language ◽  
Primary Meaning ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Character Feature ◽  
Independent Functioning ◽  
Building Level

AbstractBackground. The article is devoted to the influence of borrowed affixoids on the wordbuildingsubsystems of the target languages. Purpose. The aim of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the influence of borrowingsfrom English on the word-building subsystem of the target languages and namely to define the roleof affixoids in productive ways of modern word-building. The aim preconditions the performing ofthe following tasks: analysis of the nature of affixoids; revealing peculiarities of borrowed affixoidsfunctioning in target languages. Methods. In the article the following methods are used: 1) for detecting the volume andmeaning of the term affixoid the method of the review of the existing literature has been used; 2) forrevealing the constituent parts of the lexical units the method of distributive has been used; 3) fordescribing the peculiarities of quasi-composites and existing word-patterns the methods ofonomasiological and formal analysis have been used. Results. If one analyses the appearance of the affixoid. -gate, it is necessary to take intoconsideration, that it is formed due to the so-called “intercalated” or “telescopic” formation ofnew words, when one word is “inserted” into another, as a result of which an unusual, occasionalformation appears. In modern Ukrainian and Russian we can reveal the development of newmeaning which is absolutely different from the primary meaning. Some people are even sure that -gate is the synonym of the word scandal. Borrowing word-forming models is another character feature of language that causes theappearance of quasi-composites. In French, for example, it is possible to observe the interestingphenomenon of borrowing not structural parts, but word-building samples. The presence of “falseEnglishisms” in the French language proves once again that very often not only separate words areborrowed, but also word-forming material. Discussion. Processes of borrowing influence the target languages in many different ways.The most common of them is direct borrowing, assimilation of concrete lexical units. But recentlythe facts of influence of the source language have become more and more common, so processes ofborrowing have an impact not only on the lexical subsystem of the target language, but also on theword-building level by assimilating productive affixes and affixoids, as well as common wordbuildingpatterns and models. The field of affixoids still requires new linguistic research, especiallyin connection with the processes of borrowing and the tendency of the modern languages tosimplification. It is very important to observe new ways of enriching vocabulary where assimilationof foreign affixoids is becoming more and more productive. The independent functioning ofaffixoids in target languages is also worth describing and analyzing.

scholarly journals Italian education’s view of cinema: from suspicion to media education

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1(17)) ◽  
pp. 61-80
Author(s):  
Rosa Iannuzzi ◽  
Jorge Martínez Lucena ◽  
Cristina Rodríguez Luque
Keyword(s):  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Media Education ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Visual Education ◽  
Film Content ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Italian Education

From the outset, Italian education has been interested in the message of films and cinema’s power of persuasion. Prior to the advent of television, education viewed cinema with suspicion for the alleged damage it caused to the minds of young people. Later, it would view cinema as a means of fascist ideological propaganda. From the 1920s onwards, schools would use cinema as a teaching aid through the so-called “educational cinema”. Since 1960, schools have aimed to teach formal analysis and film content. On the threshold of the new millennium, the revolution in school autonomy obliged every educational institution to independently manage the financial resources allocated to them. This involved the arrival in schools of external experts who were entrusted with media education: they were supported by an internal tutor while the school coordinated the professionals who spe-cialized in cinema; meanwhile the subject teacher entered the Internet era with the innovation of the interactive whiteboard, assuming the role of multimedia author. Thus began the training of teachers within schools, who were registered on the national list of Visual Education Workers.

scholarly journals I overthink—therefore I am not: Altered Sense of Self in Depersonalisation Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ciaunica ◽  
Casper Hesp ◽  
Anil Seth ◽  
Jakub Limanowski ◽  
Karl Friston
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Mental Action ◽  
The World ◽  
Physiological Abnormalities ◽  
Sensory Attenuation

This paper considers the phenomenology of depersonalisation disorder, in relation to predictive processing and its associated pathophysiology. To do this, we first establish a few mechanistic tenets of predictive processing that are necessary to talk about phenomenal transparency, mental action, and self as subject. We briefly review the important role of ‘predicting precision’ and how this affords mental action and the loss of phenomenal transparency. We then turn to sensory attenuation and the phenomenal consequences of (pathophysiological) failures to attenuate or modulate sensory precision. We then consider this failure in the context of depersonalisation disorder. The key idea here is that depersonalisation disorder reflects the remarkable capacity to explain perceptual engagement with the world via the hypothesis that “I am an embodied perceiver, but I am not in control of my perception”. We suggest that individuals with depersonalisation may believe that ‘another agent’ is controlling their thoughts, perceptions or actions, while maintaining full insight that the ‘another agent’ is ‘me’ (the self). Finally, we rehearse the predictions of this formal analysis, with a special focus on the psychophysical and physiological abnormalities that may underwrite the phenomenology of depersonalisation.

scholarly journals Multivariate Optimal Control with Payoffs Defined by Submanifold Integrals

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea Bejenaru ◽  
Constantin Udriste
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Linear Connection ◽  
Riemannian Structure ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Riemann Curvature Tensor ◽  
Local Coordinates ◽  
Geometric Elements ◽  
Cost Functionals

This paper adapts the multivariate optimal control theory to a Riemannian setting. In this sense, a coherent correspondence between the key elements of a standard optimal control problem and several basic geometric ingredients is created, with the purpose of generating a geometric version of Pontryagin’s maximum principle. More precisely, the local coordinates on a Riemannian manifold play the role of evolution variables (“multitime”), the Riemannian structure, and the corresponding Levi–Civita linear connection become state variables, while the control variables are represented by some objects with the properties of the Riemann curvature tensor field. Moreover, the constraints are provided by the second order partial differential equations describing the dynamics of the Riemannian structure. The shift from formal analysis to optimal Riemannian control takes deeply into account the symmetries (or anti-symmetries) these geometric elements or equations rely on. In addition, various submanifold integral cost functionals are considered as controlled payoffs.

A formal analysis of phonological contrast and iconicity in sign language handshapes

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Eccarius ◽  
Diane Brentari
Keyword(s):  
American Sign Language ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
American Sign ◽  
Phonological Contrast ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Communication Modalities ◽  
Feature System

This paper discusses the role of iconicity in sign language phonology by utilizing recently developed tools available in the areas of phonological contrast and feature distribution. In particular, we explain the degree to which iconic elements of handshape interact with the feature system of sign language handshapes in different components of the lexicon, by making specific reference to handshape features that specify joint position. We then discuss similarities and differences between signed languages and spoken languages and the implications for a theory of features that might adequately capture phenomena in both communication modalities. Although cross-linguistic data have been collected and analyzed in this regard, we focus on data from American Sign Language in this work.

Boundaries, Relationality, and Style Provinces in Australian Rock Art

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Kelly ◽  
Liam M. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
The Core ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Similarity And Difference

Identifying style provinces is a popular topic of enquiry in Australian rock art research. At the core of these studies is the focus on the style or manner of depiction of motifs as a key indicator for determining patterns of motif similarity and difference, and their corresponding spatial distribution. In identifying spatial continuities and discontinuities based on a formal analysis of rock art motifs fixed in place, researchers sometimes limit their ability to understand the relational dimensions associated with past and present graphic systems more broadly. This chapter reviews and critiques the formal, style-based methods of delineating discontinuities in rock art as boundaries and uses Nancy Williams’s work on Yolngu boundaries as a framework to further build on research into spatial discontinuities in rock art as flexible, intersecting, and fluid. In doing so, the authors also draw attention to the role of relational understandings and decorative portable objects in characterizing intersecting style-based discontinuities. Using two case studies from northern Australia, they demonstrate how the spatial and social boundaries expressed in rock art are often much more complex than originally envisaged.

Heidegger’s Notion of Befindlichkeit and the Meaning of “Situated” in Social Inquiries

2012 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Kenneth Liberman
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
In Situ Studies

This chapter is based on a talk presented to the Alpis Information Systems 2009 Annual Conference Carisolo, Italy. It examines the role of phenomenology, most importantly Heidegger’s notion of Befindlichkeit, in social situations. In discussing the meaning of “situated,” the chapter covers the importance of in situ studies, the problems with over-conceptualizing and the limits of Conoscenza Teoretica, Befindlichkeit, itself, and the limits of formal analysis.

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