Epistemic predicates in the arithmetical context

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1695-1709
Author(s):  
V Alexis Peluce
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Established Fact ◽  
Unsolvable Problems

Abstract In this paper, we investigate epistemic predicates in extensions of arithmetic. We use as our case study Kurt Gödel’s 1951 thesis that either the power of the human mind surpasses that of any finite machine or there are absolutely unsolvable problems. Because Gödel also claimed that his disjunction was a mathematically established fact, we must ask the following: what sort of syntactical object should formalize human reason? In this paper, we lay the foundations for a predicate treatment of this epistemic feature. We begin with a very general examination of the Gödel sentence in the arithmetical context. We then discuss two systems of modal predicates over arithmetic. The first, called coreflective arithmetic or ${\textsf{CoPA}}$, extends ${\textsf{PA}}$ with a coreflective modal predicate but does not contain a consistency statement. The second, called doxastic arithmetic or ${\textsf{DA}}$, has as its characteristic feature the consistency statement but does not contain coreflection or its instance, the ${\textsf{4}}$ axiom. We examine the logical properties of, motivations for and criticisms of both systems. We close with a brief comparison of the systems in the context of Gödel’s disjunction.

The Role of Cognitive Patterns in Modelling Reality by Means of Natural Language (The Case Study of the English Cognitive Pattern “Cleanness / Dirtiness”)

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Savitskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Cognitive Patterns ◽  
Cognitive Pattern ◽  
The World ◽  
Internal Comparison

In the field of cognitive linguistics it is accepted that, before developing its capacity for abstract and theoretical thought, the human mind went through the stage of reflecting reality through concrete images and thus has inherited old cognitive patterns. Even abstract notions of the modern civilization are based on traditional concrete images, and it is all fixed in natural language units. By way of illustration, the author analyzes the cognitive pattern “сleanness / dirtiness” as a constituent part of the English linguoculture, looking at the whole range of its verbal realization and demonstrating its influence on language-based thinking and modeling of reality. Comparing meanings of language units with their inner forms enabled the author to establish the connection between abstract notions and concrete images within cognitive patterns. Using the method of internal comparison and applying the results of etymological reconstruction of language units’ inner form made it possible to see how the world is viewed by representatives of the English linguoculture. Apparently, in the English linguoculture images of cleanness / dirtiness symbolize mainly two thematic areas: that of morality and that of renewal. Since every ethnic group has its own axiological dominants (key values) that determine the expressiveness of verbal invectives, one can draw the conclusion that people perceive and comprehend world fragments through the prism of mental stereo-types fixed in the inner form of language units. Sometimes, in relation to specific language units, a conflict arises between the inner form which retains traditional thinking and a meaning that reflects modern reality. Still, linguoculture is a constantly evolving entity, and its de-velopment entails breaking established stereotypes and creating new ones. Linguistically, the victory of the new over the old is manifested in the “dying out” of the verbal support for pre-vious cognitive patterns, which leads to “reprogramming” (“recoding”) of linguoculture rep-resentatives’ mentality.

The Intersections of Creativity, Technology, and the Mind

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-140
Author(s):  
Audri Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Media Technology ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Creativity Studies ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Immersive Technologies

This chapter examines the relationships between technology, the human mind, and creativity. The chapter cannot possibly cover the whole spectrum of the aforementioned; nonetheless, it covers highlights that especially apply to new immersive technologies. The nature of creativity, creativity studies, the tools, languages, and technology used to promote creativity are discussed. The part that the mind and the senses—particularly vision—play in immersive media technology, as well as robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), computer vision, and motion capture are also discussed. The immersive transmedia project Robot Prayers is offered as a case study of the application of creativity and technology working hand in hand.

Assessment in the Modern Age

2016 ◽  
pp. 415-444
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Emira ◽  
Patrick Craven ◽  
Sharon Frazer ◽  
Zeeshan Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Uk

This chapter aims to address assessment in the modern age in terms of its importance, challenges and solutions by examining the views of 1,423 users at UK test centres following their recent experience of using two systems which employ computer-based assessment (CBA) and computer-assisted assessment (CAA). Generally speaking, based on the research, which informs the findings presented in this chapter, both systems face similar challenges but there are challenges which are specific to the CAA system. Similarly, both systems may require common solutions to improve user's future experience, but there are solutions which are more relevant to the CAA system. The chapter concludes with a discussion around the UK apprenticeship and a case study of a pilot apprenticeship programme in which CBA and CAA are also integrated.

Assessment in the Modern Age

2020 ◽  
pp. 1248-1279
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Emira ◽  
Patrick Craven ◽  
Sharon Frazer ◽  
Zeeshan Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Uk

This chapter aims to address assessment in the modern age in terms of its importance, challenges and solutions by examining the views of 1,423 users at UK test centres following their recent experience of using two systems which employ computer-based assessment (CBA) and computer-assisted assessment (CAA). Generally speaking, based on the research, which informs the findings presented in this chapter, both systems face similar challenges but there are challenges which are specific to the CAA system. Similarly, both systems may require common solutions to improve user's future experience, but there are solutions which are more relevant to the CAA system. The chapter concludes with a discussion around the UK apprenticeship and a case study of a pilot apprenticeship programme in which CBA and CAA are also integrated.

Melancthon's “Synergism.”

1889 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 185-204
Author(s):  
Frank Hugh Foster
Keyword(s):  
Large Degree ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Evangelical Church ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Great Mind ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Reformation Theology ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The problems of anthropology depend for their solution in an unusually large degree upon psychology. While the evangelical church looks to the Bible for the materials of its theology, it still depends upon the use of human reason in the interpretation and adjustment of the materials there presented. Especially is this true in the matter of conversion and related doctrines. The language of the Bible is general, rhetorical, theological, practical, or popular, as you may choose to call it, but not strict, philosophical, theoretical, or scientific. The ultimate facts of the doctrine may be perfectly clear to the biblical student, but the adjustment of those facts in a dogmatic system will depend largely upon his ability as a thinker to see in the facts what the biblical writers have not thought fit to utter in express terms, and this upon his mental equipment for his task, or, in other words, upon his knowledge of the constitution and operations of the human mind, within which the process of conversion goes on. The history of Melancthon's “synergism” brings this peculiarity of the subject before us in a very interesting way, for clearer ideas as to the nature of the soul went, in his case, hand in hand with the alterations of the theological system; and thus his efforts to arrive at a statement of the process of conversion which should be at once true to the Scriptures and to the consciousness and the moral necessities of man, are not only interesting as the mental history of a great mind, but throw light upon the interrelations of anthropology and psychology, give us many suggestions as to the interpretation to be put upon the Reformation theology at the present day, and may serve to reveal the lines upon which all progress in respect to these questions is to be sought.

scholarly journals A new type of interpenetration twin of labradorite from East Greenland

1986 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
E. Wenk ◽  
A. Glauser
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Mirror Reflection ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
Basaltic Rocks ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
New Type ◽  
Geological Implication

Labradorite phenocrysts of basaltic rocks collected from the moraine of Daugaard-Jensen Gletscher in Scoresby Sund, East Greenland, have been studied by U-stage methods. lnterpenetrating fourlings after (010) have the axis [001) in common. The (010) planes of the two fourlings form an angle of 38° ± 1° in the example illustrated. Two rectangular planes of symmetry between the two systems intersect in [0(ll], but are not developed as morphological boundary planes. These symmetry planes bring the twin axes of the Albite, Carlsbad and Albite-Carlsbad laws of one fourling into the position of those of the second four­Iing. The same mirror reflection brings the vibration directions na, nf3, ny of each individual of the first fourling into the position of corresponding indicatrix axes of an individual of the second fourling. As a sec­ond interpenetration with common [001) but with an angle of 52° between the planes (010) has been found, we conclude that the coinciding axis [001) is the characteristic feature of this new type of inter­growth. A geological implication from this study is the proof for the occurrence of basalt in the bed-rock below the ice cap west of Daugaard-Jensen Gletscher, 150 km north of the northernmost extension of the thick pile of plateau basalts of the Brito-Arctic province along the East Coast of Greenland.

scholarly journals ON «GEOGRAPHICAL» MATTER, INFORMATION AND MEASURE

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Владимир Бутвиловский ◽  
Vladimir Butvilovsky
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
Information Measure ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Subjective Reality ◽  
Initial Element ◽  
Relationship Of

The tri-unity of matter-information-measure constitutes an «objective and subjective reality». Matter is something that can exist, act and transform. Information is all that is perceived as images, properties and effects of matter, but is not matter itself. Measure is the existing relationship of parts and types of matter and information, a variety of actual and possible states and transformations of matter. The article features the understanding of the object of geography as a science of noosphere, whose matter includes human beings and all the products of their activity and cognition. The noosphere is the human mind (global egregor), expressed in matter, information and measure, in a combination of the good and the evil, the intelligent and the stupid, the beautiful and the ugly. Its manifestation is expedient to generalize from ecological, aesthetic and economic positions. The initial element of noosphere, in which human reason and consciousness are reflected, is «the landscape». From this arises geographical information as character of state and development, expressed by the measure of geometrical parameters, energetic potential and human work.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF CULTUROLOGICAL DIMENSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
D. A. Funtova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

High technologies have stimulated a rapidly growing knowledge-based paradigm. Therewith particular sciences seem to have separated from each other. Respectively, it brought to a certain misunderstanding about knowledge being differently directed and unreliable. Take, for instance, artificial intelligence, which is often discussed today by science and mass media. This phenomenon serves as a good example of a knowledge-based paradigm in action: it combines chemistry, computer science, engineering, linguistics, medicine, physics, philosophy and psychology. Culturology, as the broadest of the sciences, allows to comprehend artificial intelligence and opportunities it grants. Theoretically, a complete decoding of the brain cognitive processes will allow to predict the actions of the individual, to imitate and prototype him, as well as to create a model of artificial intelligence based on human intelligence. However, the modern science has not yet produced the method of such a decoding. The article considers the key differences between artificial intelligence and the human mind in accordance with relevant scientific data. The philosophy of mind and sensual subjective experience (qualia) are discussed, with the latter’s impact on culture and on individual’s life (a case study of the author’s experience of smell loss and its transformation) being analyzed. The article specifies how artificial intelligence shapes the axiological dimension of culture.

The Dilemma of Suspense

2016 ◽  
pp. 322-332
Author(s):  
Sara Uboldi ◽  
Stefano Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
State University ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Time Patterns ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
New Generation

The new generation Narratology shows a renewed heuristic scenario, involving an intense dialogue among Humanities, Cognitive Neuroscience and Computer Technology. The case of suspense is emblematic: the pleasure that suspense exercises on the human mind can be precisely explained by identifying the mechanisms of reward provided by neurological and imaging studies. At the same time, patterns of automatic generation of narrations highlight the profound implications of a heated debate between Narratology and Computer Technology, in order to understand the processes of reception and inference during the narrative immersion in storyworlds. At the end of their overview on of a cross-disciplinary approach to suspense analysis, the authors report a case study considered of interest, by a group of researched, called Liquid Narrative Group, of North Caroline State University.

IMPACT OF THE HBM PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC MODEL ON ANXIETY DISORDER: A CASE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Catarina Certal ◽  
Milene Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Unconscious Processes ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive worrying and/or fear in everyday contexts, for at least 6 months (APA, 2014). The study participant is female, 41 years old and she has severe anxiety symptoms. We used as a method a psychodiagnosis with a clinical interview, following the assessment protocol of the Human Behavior Map Model (HBM), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition (BDI-II). The theoretical framework adopted was the HBM Psychotherapeutic Model, in which the intervention was anchored on the human behavior map. This map describes the conscious and unconscious processes of the human mind. HBM has two techniques to release emotional states: athenese and morfese (Certal et al., 2016). This intervention led to the improvement of the studied variables in the participant, particularly the reduction of the GAD symptoms.

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