scholarly journals G-fibre cell wall development in willow stems during tension wood induction

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (20) ◽  
pp. 6447-6459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Gritsch ◽  
Yongfang Wan ◽  
Rowan A. C. Mitchell ◽  
Peter R. Shewry ◽  
Steven J. Hanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Tension Wood ◽  
Fibre Cell ◽  
Cell Wall Development ◽  
Fibre Cell Wall

Cell Wall Morphogenesis and Structure in Tropical Tension Wood

IAWA Journal ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Satiat-Jeunemaitre
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Tension Wood ◽  
Ultrastructural Cytochemistry ◽  
Fibre Cell ◽  
Gelatinous Layer ◽  
Wall Deposition ◽  
Growth Constraints ◽  
Cell Wall Morphogenesis ◽  
Cell Wall Deposition

Differentiating tension wood was observed in order to analyse the changes occurring during cell wall morphogenesis. Specimens were taken from trees in Guyana. Wall texture was analysed by means of ultrastructural cytochemistry. Modifications were encountered in fibre and vessel walls of tension wood when compared to typical wood. The changes were twofold: variation in the layering of polylamellate walls, and the deposition of a gelatinous layer in the fibre cell walls. Results are discussed in terms of variations in the rhythmic nature of cell wall deposition. Data confirm that the morphogenesis of the wall is a modular process allowing the cells to adapt to growth constraints.

The nature of reaction wood. IV. Variations in cell wall organization of tension wood fibres

1955 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
AB Wardrop ◽  
HE Dadswell
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Tension Wood ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Gelatinous Layer ◽  
Wood Fibres ◽  
Cell Wall Organization

The cell wall organization, the cell wall texture, and the degree of lignification of tension wood fibres have been investigated in a wide variety of temperate and tropical species. Following earlier work describing the cell wall structure of tension wood fibres, two additional types of cell wall organization have been observed. In one of these, the inner thick "gelatinous" layer which is typical of tension wood fibres exists in addition to the normal three-layered structure of the secondary wall; in the other only the outer layer of the secondary wall and the thick gelatinous layer are present. In all the tension wood examined the micellar orientation in the inner gelatinous layer has been shown to be nearly axial and the cellulose of this layer found to be in a highly crystalline state. A general argument is presented as to the meaning of differences in the degree, of crystallinity of cellulose. The high degree of crystallinity of cellulose in tension wood as compared with normal wood is attributed to a greater degree of lateral order in the crystalline regions of tension wood, whereas the paracrystalline phase is similar in both cases. The degree of lignification in tension wood fibres has been shown to be extremely variable. However, where the degree of tension wood development is marked as revealed by the thickness of the gelatinous layer the lack of lignification is also most marked. Severity of tension wood formation and lack of lignification have also been correlated with the incidence of irreversible collapse in tension wood. Such collapse can occur even when no whole fibres are present, e.g. in thin cross sections. Microscopic examination of collapsed samples of tension wood has led to the conclusion that the appearance of collapse in specimens containing tendon wood can often be attributed in part to excessive shrinkage associated with the development of fissures between cells, although true collapse does also occur. Possible explanations of the irreversible shrinkage and collapse of tension wood fibres are advanced.

scholarly journals An NAC transcription factor orchestrates multiple features of cell wall development in Medicago truncatula

2010 ◽  
pp. no-no ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Zhao ◽  
Lina Gallego-Giraldo ◽  
Huanzhong Wang ◽  
Yining Zeng ◽  
Shi-You Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Nac Transcription Factor ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Cell Wall Development

Cell wall architecture of Physcomitrella patens is revealed by atomic force microscopy

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley D.M. Wyatt ◽  
Neil W. Ashton ◽  
Tanya E.S. Dahms
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Physcomitrella Patens ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Cell Wall Ultrastructure ◽  
Detailed Surface ◽  
Wall Ultrastructure ◽  
Cell Wall Development

The moss Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. in B.S.G. serves as a nonvascular plant model system suitable for studying many plant developmental phenomena. The tip-growing filamentous protonemal stage of its life cycle exhibits polarized growth and various tropic responses. Conventional staining and light microscopy (LM) were used to provide the first direct evidence that protonemal cells of P. patens lack a cuticle. Atomic force microscopy (ATM) images reveal detailed surface structures identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cell wall ultrastructure is characterized by rounded protrusions that are uniformly distributed along each caulonemal filament, and longer fibrillar structures, which are disorganized at the apex, but become oriented in longitudinal arrays parallel to the growth axis in more proximal regions of caulonemal apical cells. The subapical cells are characterized by a polylamellated texture. There was no difference in gross surface ultrastructure between light-grown and dark-grown filaments, but the dimensions of the rounded protrusions at the apices of caulonemata cultured in the light and in darkness were significantly different. The convex and concave cell wall surfaces of a curved, gravitropically responding dark-grown caulonema appear structurally different. This investigation is the first to use AFM to probe the cell wall ultrastructure of a bryophyte. The data further elaborate a simple model of cell wall development in the caulonemata of P. patens that was proposed for other tip-growing filamentous plants.

Cell wall development in the berries of two grapevines

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Jona ◽  
Rosalina Vallania ◽  
Claudio Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Development
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