scholarly journals Unbiased estimation of chloroplast number in mesophyll cells: advantage of a genuine three-dimensional approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 609-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Kubínová ◽  
Jiří Janáček ◽  
Zuzana Lhotáková ◽  
Lucie Kubínová ◽  
Jana Albrechtová
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Unbiased Estimation ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Chloroplast Number

Shifting perspectives: method, media and the complex image

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 100-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Colson ◽  
Ross Parry
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Complex Image ◽  
Cultural Resonance

This article argues that the analysis of a threedimensional image demanded a three-dimensional approach. The authors realise that discussions of images and image processing inveterately conceptualise representation as being flat, static, and finite. The authors recognise the need for a fresh acuteness to three-dimensionality as a meaningful – although problematic – element of visual sources. Two dramatically different examples are used to expose the shortcomings of an ingrained two-dimensional approach and to facilitate a demonstration of how modern (digital) techniques could sanction new historical/anthropological perspectives on subjects that have become all too familiar. Each example could not be more different in their temporal and geographical location, their cultural resonance, and their historiography. However, in both these visual spectacles meaning is polysemic. It is dependent upon the viewer's spatial relationship to the artifice as well as the spirito-intellectual viewer within the community. The authors postulate that the multi- faceted and multi-layered arrangement of meaning in a complex image could be assessed by working beyond the limitations of the two-dimensional methodological paradigm and by using methods and media that accommodated this type of interconnectivity and representation.

A three dimensional approach for quantifying resultant loading at the knee

The Knee ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan T. Lewinson ◽  
Chad P. Maag ◽  
Victor M.Y. Lun ◽  
J. Preston Wiley ◽  
Chirag Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Approach

Three-Dimensional Approach to the Gust Problem for a Screw Propeller

1964 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 29-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Shioiri ◽  
S. Tsakonas
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Marine Propeller ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Nonstationary Flow ◽  
Surface Integral ◽  
Surface Approach ◽  
Surface Integral Equation ◽  
Screw Propeller ◽  
Blade Area ◽  
Unsteady Lift

The unsteady lifting-surface approach is utilized for the hull-induced gust problem in the marine propeller case and the corresponding surface integral equation is solved under the Weissinger approximation. The applicability of the Weissinger method to the nonstationary flow case is studied. The kernel function is evaluated after some mathematical simplification. From numerical calculations of unsteady lift due to the gust, which are restricted to a four-bladed propeller of sector form blade with different blade-area ratios and various pitch-diameter ratios, conclusions are drawn as to the dependence of unsteady lift on such important parameters as the blade-area and pitch-diameter ratios, and the nature of the three-dimensional effects in the unsteady gust problem is clarified.

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