scholarly journals Xanthophyll cycle pigment and antioxidant profiles of winter-red (anthocyanic) and winter-green (acyanic) angiosperm evergreen species

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1895-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Hughes ◽  
K. O. Burkey ◽  
J. Cavender-Bares ◽  
W. K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Xanthophyll Cycle ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle Pigment

scholarly journals Autumn Warming Delays the Downregulation of Photosynthesis and Does Not Increase the Risk of Freezing Damage in Interior and Coastal Douglas-fir

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin Noordermeer ◽  
Vera Marjorie Elauria Velasco ◽  
Ingo Ensminger
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle Pigment

During autumn, evergreen conifers utilize the decrease in daylength and temperature as environmental signals to trigger cold acclimation, a process that involves the downregulation of photosynthesis, upregulation of photoprotection, and development of cold hardiness. Global warming will delay the occurrence of autumn low temperatures while daylength remains unaffected. The impact of autumn warming on cold acclimation and the length of the carbon uptake period of species with ranges that encompass diverse climates, such as Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), remains unclear. Our study investigated intraspecific variation in the effects of autumn warming on photosynthetic activity, photosynthetic pigments, and freezing tolerance in two interior (var. glauca) and two coastal (var. menziesii) Douglas-fir provenances. Following growth under simulated summer conditions with long days (16 h photoperiod) and summer temperatures (22/13°C day/night), Douglas-fir seedlings were acclimated to simulated autumn conditions with short days (8 h photoperiod) and either low temperatures (cool autumn, CA; 4/−4°C day/night) or elevated temperatures (warm autumn, WA; 19/11°C day/night). Exposure to low temperatures in the CA treatment induced the downregulation of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and photosystem II efficiency, increased the size and de-epoxidation of the xanthophyll cycle pigment pool, and caused the development of sustained nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Seedlings in the WA treatment exhibited no downregulation of photosynthesis, no change in xanthophyll cycle pigment de-epoxidation, and no development of sustained NPQ. Albeit these changes, freezing tolerance was not impaired under WA conditions compared with CA conditions. Interior Douglas-fir seedlings developed greater freezing tolerance than coastal seedlings. Our findings suggest that autumn warming, i.e., short photoperiod alone, does not induce the downregulation of photosynthesis in Douglas-fir. Although autumn warming delays the downregulation of photosynthesis, the prolonged period of photosynthetic activity does not bear a trade-off of impaired freezing tolerance.

Autumn warming delays downregulation of photosynthesis and does not increase risk of freezing damage in interior and coastal Douglas-fir seedlings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin Noordermeer ◽  
Vera Velasco ◽  
Ingo Ensminger
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Nonphotochemical Quenching ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Cold Hardening ◽  
Freezing Damage ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle Pigment

<p>In the next several decades, warming in the northern hemisphere will result in asynchronous phasing between the temperature and photoperiod signals that evergreen conifers rely upon for cold hardening during autumn. Our study investigated intraspecific variation in photosynthetic and photoprotective mechanisms in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) originating from contrasting climates during simulated summer and autumn conditions, as well as how autumn warming affects downregulation of photosynthesis and development of cold hardening. Following growth under long days and summer temperature (LD/ST; 16 h photoperiod; 22 °C/13 °C day/night), Douglas-fir seedlings from two interior and two coastal provenances were acclimated to simulated autumn conditions with short days and either low temperature (SD/LT; 8 h photoperiod; 4 °C/-4 °C day/night) or high temperature (SD/HT; 8 h photoperiod; 19 °C/11 °C day/night). Exposure to low temperature induced increase in size and de-epoxidation of the xanthophyll cycle pigment pool, development of sustained nonphotochemical quenching, and downregulation of photosynthetic activity. SD/HT seedlings exhibited no downregulation of photosynthesis, corresponding with no change in xanthophyll cycle pigment de-epoxidation and no development of sustained nonphotochemical quenching. However, freezing tolerance development for all provenances was not impaired under SD/HT relative to SD/LT. Interior Douglas-fir provenances developed greater freezing tolerance relative to coastal provenances under both temperature treatments. Our findings suggest that short photoperiod alone is insufficient to induce downregulation of photosynthesis in autumn for Douglas-fir. However, this prolonged period of photosynthetic activity does not appear to bear a trade-off of impaired freezing tolerance.</p>

scholarly journals Changes in ‘Riviera’ Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] Carotenoid Pigments after Treatment with Three p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase-inhibiting Herbicides

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Dean A. Kopsell ◽  
Matthew T. Elmore ◽  
Gregory K. Breeden ◽  
Gregory R. Armel
Keyword(s):  
Xanthophyll Cycle ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Carotenoid Pigment ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Pigment Concentrations ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle Pigment ◽  
Β Carotene

Mesotrione, topramezone, and tembotrione are inhibitors of the enzyme p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), which impacts the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of mesotrione, topramezone, and tembotrione on carotenoid pigment concentrations in common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.; cv. Riviera] leaf tissues. Bermudagrass plants were treated with three rates of mesotrione (0.28, 0.35, and 0.42 kg·ha−1), topramezone (0.018, 0.025, and 0.038 kg·ha−1), and tembotrione (0.092, 0.184, and 0.276 kg·ha−1). The lowest rate of each herbicide represented the maximum labeled use rate for a single application. Percent visual bleaching was measured at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after application (DAA). Leaf tissues were sampled on the same dates and assayed for carotenoids. Topramezone and tembotrione bleached bermudagrass leaf tissues to a greater degree than mesotrione. Concomitantly, topramezone and tembotrione also reduced total chlorophyll (chlorophyll a + b), β-carotene, lutein, and total xanthophyll cycle pigment concentrations (zeaxanthin + antheraxanthin + violaxanthin) more than mesotrione. Increases in visual bleaching resulting from application rate were accompanied by linear reductions in lutein, β-carotene, and violaxanthin for all herbicides. Topramezone and tembotrione increased the percentage of zeaxanthin + antheraxanthin in the total xanthophyll pigment pool (ZA/ZAV) 7 days after peak visual bleaching was observed at 14 DAA. Reductions in ZA/ZAV were reported after 21 DAA. This response indicates that sequential applications of topramezone and tembotrione should be applied on 14- to 21-day intervals, because stress induced by these herbicides is greatest at these timings. Increases in photoprotective xanthophyll cycle pigments (ZA/ZAV) at 14 to 21 DAA may be a mechanism allowing bermudagrass to recover from HPPD-inhibiting herbicide injury, because bermudagrass recovered from all treatments by 35 DAA. Data in the current study will allow turf managers to design physiologically validated bermudagrass control programs with HPPD-inhibiting herbicides. Chemical names: mesotrione [2-(4-methysulfonyl-2-nitrobenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione], tembotrione {2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)-3-[(2,2,2-(trifluoroethoxy)methyl]benzoyl]-1,3-cyclohexanedione}, topramezone {[3-(4,5-dihydro-3-isoxazolyl)-2-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl](5-hydroxy-1-nethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methanone}.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the utility of xanthophyll cycle pigment dynamics for assessing upper ocean mixing processes at Station ALOHA

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1423-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Bidigare ◽  
Fenina R. Buttler ◽  
Stephanie J. Christensen ◽  
Benedetto Barone ◽  
David M. Karl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthophyll Cycle ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Ocean Mixing ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Station Aloha ◽  
Upper Ocean Mixing ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle Pigment

scholarly journals The fine-tuning of NPQ in diatoms relies on the regulation of both xanthophyll cycle enzymes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lander Blommaert ◽  
Lamia Chafai ◽  
Benjamin Bailleul
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constant ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Fine Tune ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle Pigment

AbstractDiatoms possess an efficient mechanism to dissipate photons as heat in conditions of excess light, which is visualized as the Non-Photochemical Quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence (NPQ). In most diatom species, NPQ is proportional to the concentration of the xanthophyll cycle pigment diatoxanthin formed from diadinoxanthin by the diadinoxanthin de-epoxidase enzyme. The reverse reaction is performed by the diatoxanthin epoxidase. Despite the xanthophyll cycle’s central role in photoprotection, its regulation is not yet well understood. The proportionality between diatoxanthin and NPQ allowed us to calculate the activity of both xanthophyll cycle enzymes in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum from NPQ kinetics. From there, we explored the light-dependency of the activity of both enzymes. Our results demonstrate that a tight regulation of both enzymes is key to fine-tune NPQ: (i) the rate constant of diadinoxanthin de-epoxidation is low under a light-limiting regime but increases as photosynthesis saturates, probably due to the thylakoidal proton gradient ΔpH (ii) the rate constant of diatoxanthin epoxidation exhibits an optimum under low light and decreases in the dark due to an insufficiency of the co-factor NADPH as well as in higher light through an as yet unresolved inhibition mechanism, that is unlikely to be related to the ΔpH. We observed that the suppression of NPQ by an uncoupler was due to an accelerated diatoxanthin epoxidation enzyme rather than to the usually hypothesized inhibition of the diadinoxanthin de-epoxidation enzyme.

scholarly journals Xanthophyll Cycle Pigment Localization and Dynamics during Exposure to Low Temperatures and Light Stress inVinca major

1999 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy S. Verhoeven ◽  
William W. Adams ◽  
Barbara Demmig-Adams ◽  
Roberta Croce ◽  
Roberto Bassi
Keyword(s):  
Xanthophyll Cycle ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle Pigment

scholarly journals The diatomPhaeodactylum tricornutumadjusts nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching capacity in response to dynamic light via fine-tuned Lhcx and xanthophyll cycle pigment synthesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 214 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Lepetit ◽  
Gautier Gélin ◽  
Mariana Lepetit ◽  
Sabine Sturm ◽  
Sascha Vugrinec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Quenching ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle ◽  
Pigment Synthesis ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle Pigment

Status of the rare palm Bentinckia condapanna Berry in two habitats of Goodrical Reserve Forests; Western Ghats of India

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
ES Abhilash ◽  
Brijesh Sathian
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
Secondary Species ◽  
Ecological Stress ◽  
Lannea Coromandelica ◽  
Western Ghats Of India

Bentinckia condapanna shows more IVI values and there by dominance and ecological stress in both the sites, that is, in sparsely distributed habitats as well as in dominated habitats (Site-II). Major associations /co dominance to Bentinckia condapanna in site -I were the evergreen species like Macaranga peltata, Elaeocarpus tuberculatus, Lannea coromandelica, Schefflera venulosa etc. and for site-II was the secondary species Chionanthus ramiflorus. Higher IVI values for Bentinckia condapanna in both the sites proves the capacity of this species to establish in mono-dominant and co- dominant communities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/apjeesd.v1i1.9503Asia Pacific Journal of Environment Ecology and Sustainable Development 2013; 1: 6-9

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