scholarly journals Genetic control of duration of pre-anthesis phases in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and relationships to leaf appearance, tillering, and dry matter accumulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Borràs-Gelonch ◽  
Greg J. Rebetzke ◽  
Richard A. Richards ◽  
Ignacio Romagosa
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Appearance

EFFECTS OF INCREMENTAL N FERTILIZATION ON GRAIN YIELD AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF SIX SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. GEHL ◽  
L. D. BAILEY ◽  
C. A. GRANT ◽  
J. M. SADLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation

A 3-yr study was conducted on three Orthic Black Chernozemic soils to determine the effects of incremental N fertilization on grain yield and dry matter accumulation and distribution of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Urea (46–0–0) was sidebanded at seeding in 40 kg N ha−1 increments from 0 to 240 kg ha−1 in the first year and from 0 to 200 kg ha−1 in the 2 subsequent years. Nitrogen fertilization increased the grain and straw yields of all cultivars in each experiment. The predominant factor affecting the N response and harvest index of each cultivar was available moisture. At two of the three sites, 91% of the interexperiment variability in mean maximum grain yield was explained by variation in root zone moisture at seeding. Mean maximum total dry matter varied by less than 12% among cultivars, but mean maximum grain yield varied by more than 30%. Three semidwarf cultivars, HY 320, Marshall and Solar, had consistently higher grain yield and grain yield response to N than Glenlea and Katepwa, two standard height cultivars, and Len, a semidwarf. The mean maximum grain yield of HY 320 was the highest of the cultivars on test and those of Katepwa and Len the lowest. Len produced the least straw and total dry matter. The level of N fertilization at maximum grain yield varied among cultivars, sites and years. Marshall and Solar required the highest and Len the lowest N rates to achieve maximum grain yield. The year-to-year variation in rates of N fertilization needed to produce maximum grain yield on a specific soil type revealed the limitations of N fertility recommendations based on "average" amounts and temporal distribution of available moisture.Key words: Wheat (spring), N response, standard height, semidwarf, grain yield

scholarly journals Organic Minerals Suitability Assessment on the Biochemical Characters of Common Wheat, Triticum aestivum L.under Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Bhupesh Kumar Mishra Santosh Pandey ◽  
Arvind Kumar Ramesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Organic Minerals

An experiment has been conducted to assess the real time utility and abundance of organic minerals in cultivation of common wheat, Triticum aestivum L. in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh with the aim of finding the effect of available soil organic minerals on various biochemicals or chemical characters including yield attributes. For the experiment, the cultivar namely RAJ-4037 which is best for dry land area and crop matures in 120 days. This variety is suitable for bakery and beverage industry, has been taken. The pre availability of manures were measured and the application of various fertilizers have been done as per the recommended dose for the cultivation. The data of various biochemical characters like Dry matter accumulation, Protein content, NPK in grain, NPK in straw, yield and biological yields have been recorded as per standard methods. The results revealed that organic minerals had a significant impact to influence the various biochemical traits such as dry matter accumulation maximum in FYM, Protein content (11.18), NPK (0.60; 0.35 and 0.36) were recorded maximum in vermin compost treatment.

scholarly journals Glycine Betaine-Mediated Root Priming Improves Water Stress Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1127
Author(s):  
Nazir Ahmed ◽  
Mingyuan Zhu ◽  
Qiuxia Li ◽  
Xilei Wang ◽  
Jiachi Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance

Droughts represent one of the main challenges that climate change imposes on crop production. As a globally cultivated staple crop, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is prone to drought environments. Therefore, improvement in drought tolerance represents a growing concern to ensure food security, especially for wheat. In this perspective, the application of Phyto-phillic exogenous materials such as glycine-betaine (GB) has been attracting attention, particularly in stress-related studies. Since roots procure the water and nutrients for plants, any improvements in their response and capacity against drought stress could induce stress tolerance in plants. However, the knowledge about the changes in root architecture, defense mechanism, hormonal metabolism, and downstream signaling, in response to GB-mediated root priming, is still limited. Therefore, we designed the present study to investigate the role of GB-mediated root priming in improving the water stress tolerance in wheat (cv. Jimai-22) under in-vitro conditions. The roots of twelve days old wheat seedlings were treated with Hoagland’s solution (GB-0), 50 mM GB (GB-1), and 100 mM GB (GB-2) for 48 h and subjected to well-watered (WW) and water-stress (WS) conditions. The osmotic stress substantially impaired shoot/root growth, dry matter accumulation, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen-peroxide (H2O2) production in the roots of wheat seedlings. However, GB-mediated root priming improved the redox homeostasis of wheat roots by boosting the activities of SOD and POD and triggering the significantly higher accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) in the roots of GB-primed plants. Consequently, it modified the root architecture system and improved plant growth, dry matter accumulation, and water-stress tolerance of wheat seedlings. Moreover, GB-mediated root priming increased root sensitivity to water stress and induced overexpression of stress-responsive genes involved in ABA metabolism (TaNECD1, TaABA’OH2), their downstream signal transduction (TaPP2C, TaSNRK2.8), and activation of different transcriptional factors (TabZIP60, TaAREB3, TaWRKY2, TaERF3, and TaMYB3) that are associated with plant metabolite accumulation and detoxification of ROS under water stress conditions. Overall, our results demonstrated that GB-priming improved the physiological and biochemical attributes of wheat plants under WS conditions by improving the drought perception capacity of wheat roots, ultimately enhancing the water stress tolerance. Thus, the GB-priming of roots could help to enhance the water-stress tolerance of economically important crops (i.e., wheat).

Identification of chromosome regions conferring dry matter accumulation and photosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Euphytica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liang ◽  
Kunpu Zhang ◽  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Qingwei Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Chromosome Regions

scholarly journals Effect of accelerated ageing on the content and composition of polyphenolic complex of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lachman ◽  
J. Dudjak ◽  
M. Orsák ◽  
V. Pivec
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Free Phenolic Acids

The influence of accelerated ageing test (AAT), i.e. of higher temperature and humidity, on the content and composition of phenolic compounds in the grains of five cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in the years 1998 and 1999. Total polyphenols were determined spectrophotometrically by Folin-Ciocalteau’s phenolic reagent and free phenolic acids by an HPLC method in control samples and after deterioration treatment (AAT) in the Ebi, Estica, Nela, Samanta and Šárka cultivars. Statistical significance of deterioration treatment, cultivar, cultivation site, and harvest year was proved. Content of total polyphenols increased during deterioration and levels of the individual free phenolic acid changed depending on their structures. Mean contents of total polyphenols varied from 600 to 960 mg/kg of dry matter. The increase caused by the AAT ranged between 0–20%, the greatest mean increase was observed in the cultivar Nela (by 19%). Sinapic acid (as high as 540 mg/kg of dry matter), 3-hydroxy-benzoic acid and 7-hydroxycoumarin were determined as the major phenolic acids and coumarins. A decrease of free phenolic acids containing methoxy groups in their molecules (sinapic and vanillic acids) and an increase of phenolic acids with free hydroxy groups (caffeic and gallic acids) was observed after deterioration treatment. Statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) effect of AAT on the content of free phenolic acids was observed.

Differential tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes to metribuzin

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 452 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. L. Kleemann ◽  
G. S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Parental Lines

Field and glasshouse experiments were undertaken at 2 locations in South Australia to evaluate wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) tolerance to metribuzin. Sloop SA barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was used as a standard in the evaluation. Linear and logistic regression models were used to describe the response of wheat genotypes to metribuzin. Parameter estimates of B (slope) and ED50 (dose required for 50% inhibition) estimated by the models were used to compare the responses of the genotypes with that of the known sensitive cv. Spear. In the field, wheat cvv. Blade, Kite, EGA Eagle Rock, and Sloop SA barley showed tolerance to metribuzin, exhibiting little change in seedling density and anthesis dry matter (DM) when treated with metribuzin (187.5 and 375 g/ha). In contrast, wheat cv. Spear, which has 50% common parentage with Blade, showed a strong negative response to metribuzin for both seedling density (B = –0.308) and anthesis DM (B = –0.482), indicating sensitivity to the herbicide. Sonora 64 and Tezanos Pinto Precoz, parental lines of Blade, were also sensitive to metribuzin (>187.5 g/ha), showing similar negative responses to that of Spear for anthesis dry matter (B = –0.307 and –0.387). However, Kite, which is another parent of Blade, showed excellent tolerance to this herbicide, exhibiting only a small response (B = –0.076), which was statistically (P < 0.05) different from that of Spear. In the second field study, cvv. Blade, EGA Eagle Rock, and Sloop SA barley were again far more tolerant to metribuzin than the sensitive cv. Spear, requiring almost double the dose of metribuzin to induce 50% inhibition (ED50). Glasshouse studies, where metribuzin was highly active in a light sandy potting soil at what would be considered low rates in the field (50 and 100 g/ha), confirmed the sensitivity differences among wheat genotypes observed in the field. Wheat genotypes Blade, Kite, EGA Eagle Rock, and daughter line RAC 0824 were consistently tolerant to metribuzin. Sensitivity to metribuzin (50 g/ha) was observed in Spear, and most parental lines of Blade with the exception of Kite. Interestingly, Kite showed equivalent tolerance to its progeny, Blade and EGA Eagle Rock, exhibiting similar ED50 and B (slope) values. It is noteworthy that EGA Eagle Rock has recently been specifically bred for tolerance to metribuzin using Blade as a parent. Considering Kite was the only parent to show tolerance to metribuzin in these field and glasshouse studies, it would appear to be the major contributor to metribuzin tolerance in cv. Blade. At present, Kite is not favoured by wheat breeders due to the presence of a rust-resistant gene (SR26) linked to yield penalty. Further research is required to determine alleles responsible for metribuzin tolerance in wheat and to identify alternative sources of metribuzin tolerance.

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