scholarly journals Prejudice-relevant Correlates of Attitudes towards Refugees: A Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misha Mei Cowling ◽  
Joel R Anderson ◽  
Rose Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers ◽  
Systematic Database

Abstract This article meta-analyses the available data on attitudes towards refugees and asylum seekers, with the aim of estimating effect sizes for the relationships between these attitudes and prejudice-relevant correlates. Seventy studies (Ntotal = 13,720) were located using systematic database searches and calls for unpublished data. In the case of demographic factors, being male, religious, nationally identified, politically conservative, and less educated were associated with negative attitudes (Fisher’s zs = 0.11, 0.17, 0.18, 0.21, and –0.16, respectively). For ideological factors, increases in right-wing authoritarianism and social-dominance orientations correlated with negative attitudes, while the endorsement of macro (but not micro) justice principles were associated with positive attitudes (Fisher’s zs = 0.50, 0.50, –0.29, and 0.00, respectively). Perceptions of refugees as symbolic and realistic threats were the strongest correlates of negative attitudes (Fisher’s zs = 0.98 and 1.11, respectively). These findings have contributed to the growing body of knowledge that endeavors to understand the antecedents of refugee-specific prejudice, and are discussed in light of the global refugee crisis.

scholarly journals Prejudice-Relevant Correlates of Attitudes Towards Refugees: A Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misha Mei Cowling ◽  
Joel Anderson ◽  
Rose Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers ◽  
Systematic Database

This paper meta-analyses the available data on attitudes towards refugees and asylum seekers, with the aim of estimating effect sizes for the relationships between these attitudes and prejudice-relevant correlates. Seventy studies (Ntotal = 13,720) were located using systematic database searches and calls for unpublished data. In the case of demographic factors, being male, religious, nationally identified, politically conservative, and less educated were associated with negative attitudes (Fisher’s zs = 0.11, 0.17, 0.18, 0.21, & -0.16, respectively). For ideological factors, increases in right-wing authoritarianism and social-dominance orientations correlated with negative attitudes, while the endorsement of macro (but not micro) justice principles were associated with positive attitudes (Fisher’s zs = 0.50, 0.50, -0.29, & 0.00 respectively). Perceptions of refugees as symbolic and realistic threats were the strongest correlates of negative attitudes (Fisher’s zs = 0.98, & 1.11, respectively). These findings have contributed to the growing body of knowledge that endeavors to understand the antecedents of refugee-specific prejudice, and are discussed in light of the global refugee crisis.

scholarly journals Active and latent tuberculosis in refugees and asylum seekers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Proenca ◽  
Fernanda Mattos Souza ◽  
Mayara Lisboa Bastos ◽  
Rosangela Caetano ◽  
Jose Ueleres Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

Abstract Background: In 2018, there were 70.8 million refugees, asylum seekers and persons displaced by wars and conflicts worldwide. Many of these individuals face a high risk for tuberculosis in their country of origin, which may be accentuated by adverse conditions endured during their journey. We summarised the prevalence of active and latent tuberculosis infection in refugees and asylum seekers through a systematic literature review and meta-analyses by country of origin and host continent. Methods: Articles published in Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and LILACS from January 2000 to August 2017 were searched for, without language restriction. Two independent authors performed the study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Random effect models were used to estimate average measures of active and latent tuberculosis prevalence. Sub-group meta-analyses were performed according to country of origin and host continent.Results: Sixty-seven out of 767 identified articles were included, of which 16 entered the meta-analyses. Average prevalence of active and latent tuberculosis was 1331 per 100 thousand inhabitants [95% confidence interval (CI) = 542-2384] and 37% (95% CI = 23-52%), respectively, both with high level of heterogeneity (variation in estimative attributable to heterogeneity [I2] = 98.2% and 99.8%). Prevalence varied more according to countries of origin than host continent. Ninety-one per cent of studies reported routine screening of recently arrived immigrants in the host country; two-thirds confirmed tuberculosis bacteriologically. Many studies failed to provide relevant information.Conclusion: Tuberculosis is a major health problem among refugees and asylum seekers and should be given special attention in any host continent. To protect this vulnerable population, ensuring access to healthcare for early detection for prevention and treatment of the disease is essential.

scholarly journals Active and latent tuberculosis in refugees and asylum seekers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Proenca ◽  
Fernanda Mattos Souza ◽  
Mayara Lisboa Bastos ◽  
Rosangela Caetano ◽  
Jose Ueleres Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

Abstract Background: In 2018, there were 70.8 million refugees, asylum seekers and persons displaced by wars and conflicts worldwide. Many of these individuals face a high risk for tuberculosis in their country of origin, which may be accentuated by adverse conditions endured during their journey. Objective: We summarised the prevalence of active and latent tuberculosis infection in refugees and asylum seekers through a systematic literature review and meta-analyses by country of origin and host continent. Methods: Articles published in Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and LILACS from January 2000 to August 2017 were searched for, without language restriction. Two independent authors performed the study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Random effect models were used to estimate average measures of active and latent tuberculosis prevalence. Sub-group meta-analyses were performed according to country of origin and host continent. Results: Sixty-seven out of 767 identified articles were included, of which 16 entered the meta-analyses. Average prevalence of active and latent tuberculosis was 1331 per 100 thousand inhabitants [95% confidence interval (CI) = 542-2384] and 37% (95% CI = 23-52%), respectively, both with high level of heterogeneity (variation in estimative attributable to heterogeneity [I 2 ] = 98.2% and 99.8%). Prevalence varied more according to countries of origin than host continent. Ninety-one per cent of studies reported routine screening of recently arrived immigrants in the host country; two-thirds confirmed tuberculosis bacteriologically. Many studies failed to provide relevant information. Conclusion: Tuberculosis is a major health problem among refugees and asylum seekers and should be given special attention in any host continent. To protect this vulnerable population, ensuring access to healthcare for early detection for prevention and treatment of the disease is essential.

scholarly journals A network meta-analysis of psychosocial interventions for refugees and asylum seekers with PTSD

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e005029
Author(s):  
Giulia Turrini ◽  
Federico Tedeschi ◽  
Pim Cuijpers ◽  
Cinzia Del Giovane ◽  
Ahlke Kip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

IntroductionRefugees and asylum seekers are vulnerable to common mental disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Using a network meta-analysis (NMA) approach, the present systematic review compared and ranked psychosocial interventions for the treatment of PTSD in adult refugees and asylum seekers.MethodsRandomised studies of psychosocial interventions for adult refugees and asylum seekers with PTSD were systematically identified. PTSD symptoms at postintervention was the primary outcome. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) and ORs were pooled using pairwise and NMA. Study quality was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) tool, and certainty of evidence was assessed through the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis application.ResultsA total of 23 studies with 2308 participants were included. Sixteen studies were conducted in high-income countries, and seven in low-income or middle-income countries. Most studies were at low risk of bias according to the Cochrane RoB tool. NMA on PTSD symptoms showed that cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) (SMD=−1.41; 95% CI −2.43 to −0.38) and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) (SMD=−1.30; 95% CI −2.40 to −0.20) were significantly more effective than waitlist (WL). CBT was also associated with a higher decrease in PTSD symptoms than treatment as usual (TAU) (SMD −1.51; 95% CI −2.67 to −0.36). For all other interventions, the difference with WL and TAU was not significant. CBT and EMDR ranked best according to the mean surface under the cumulative ranking. Regarding acceptability, no intervention had less dropouts than inactive interventions.ConclusionCBT and EMDR appeared to have the greatest effects in reducing PTSD symptoms in asylum seekers and refugees. This evidence should be considered in guidelines and implementation packages to facilitate dissemination and uptake in refugee settings.

Interpersonal Disgust, Ideological Orientations, and Dehumanization as Predictors of Intergroup Attitudes

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 691-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Hodson ◽  
Kimberly Costello
Keyword(s):  
Social Dominance ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Disgust Sensitivity ◽  
Group Representations ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism

Disgust is a basic emotion characterized by revulsion and rejection, yet it is relatively unexamined in the literature on prejudice. In the present investigation, interpersonal-disgust sensitivity (e.g., not wanting to wear clean used clothes or to sit on a warm seat vacated by a stranger) in particular predicted negative attitudes toward immigrants, foreigners, and socially deviant groups, even after controlling for concerns with contracting disease. The mechanisms underlying the link between interpersonal disgust and attitudes toward immigrants were explored using a path model. As predicted, the effect of interpersonal-disgust sensitivity on group attitudes was indirect, mediated by ideological orientations (social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism) and dehumanizing perceptions of the out-group. The effects of social dominance orientation on group attitudes were both direct and indirect, via dehumanization. These results establish a link between disgust sensitivity and prejudice that is not accounted for by fear of infection, but rather is mediated by ideological orientations and dehumanizing group representations. Implications for understanding and reducing prejudice are discussed.

Dropout from psychological interventions for refugees and asylum seekers: A meta-analysis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 717-730
Author(s):  
Verena Semmlinger ◽  
Keisuke Takano ◽  
Hannah Schumm ◽  
Thomas Ehring
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

scholarly journals Fear of Terrorism and Attitudes Toward Refugees: An Empirical Test of Group Threat Theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 001112872098189
Author(s):  
David De Coninck
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers ◽  
Municipal Level ◽  
Threat Theory

In recent years, the co-occurrence of the migration crisis and terrorist attacks in European cities have created a strong link between refugees and asylum seekers and terrorism in the minds of many Europeans. This study investigates how attitudes toward refugees are associated with fear of terrorism. Using multilevel modelling on 1,500 Belgian citizens nested in 402 municipalities, results indicate that positive attitudes toward refugees are associated with lower terrorism fear. Adverse economic conditions at both the individual and municipal level are associated with greater fear of terrorism, while a large outgroup size is associated with lower fear of terrorism. Women hold greater fear than men, while commercial news consumption is associated with greater terrorism fears.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Psychological Interventions on Depression Anxiety and Somatization in Migrants: A Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1320-1346
Author(s):  
Daniela Sambucini ◽  
Paola Aceto ◽  
Edvaldo Begotaraj ◽  
Carlo Lai
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Health Distress ◽  
The Status ◽  
Mental Health Distress ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

AbstractMany studies reveal the effectiveness of different psychological interventions on the adult refugees reporting mental health distress. Aim of this metanalysis was to test the efficacy of different psychological treatments on the depressive, anxiety and somatization symptoms on refugees and asylum seekers. Fifty-two studies, since 1997 to 2019, were included in the systematic review and 27 of those were included in the metanalysis. Studies providing a pre and post treatment methodological design were included. All treatments reported significant effects on the three outcomes. Qualitative observations showed a probability to have a significant pre-post treatment effects on trials with outcome of depression (56%), anxiety (44%), and somatization (42%). Cognitive behavioral treatment resulted the most effective treatment. The status of refugee compared to the status of asylum seeker seems to have a great effect on the effectiveness of the treatment.

scholarly journals Asylum Seekers and Resettled Refugees in Australia: Predicting Social Policy Attitude From Prejudice Versus Emotion

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa K. Hartley ◽  
Anne Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
Policy Attitude ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

While most of the world's refugees reside in developing countries, their arrival to western countries is highly politicised, giving rise to questions about the types of entitlements and rights that should, or should not, be granted. In this study, using a mixed-methods community questionnaire (N = 185), we examined attitudes towards social policies aimed at providing assistance to two categories of new arrivals to Australia: resettled refugees (who arrive via its official refugee resettlement program) and asylum seekers (who arrive via boat and then seek refugee status). Social policy attitude was examined as a consequence of feelings of anger, fear, and threat, as well as levels of prejudice. Participants felt significantly higher levels of anger, fear, threat, and prejudice towards asylum seekers compared to resettled refugees. For both resettled refugees and asylum seekers, prejudice was an independent predictor of more restrictive social policy attitudes. For resettled refugees, fear and perceived threat were independent predictors for more restrictive social policy whereas for asylum seekers anger was an independent predictor of restrictive social policy. The qualitative data reinforced the quantitative findings and extended understanding on the appraisals that underpin negative attitudes and emotional responses. Practical implications relating to challenging community attitudes are discussed.

Personality and Social Psychology Factors Explaining Sexism

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazar Akrami ◽  
Bo Ekehammar ◽  
Fan Yang-Wallentin
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Causal Modeling ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Psychology Perspective

Previous research has almost exclusively examined sexism (negative attitudes toward women) from either a personality or a social-psychology perspective. In two studies (N = 379 and 182, respectively), we combine these perspectives and examine whether sexism is best explained by personality (Big-Five factors, social dominance orientation, and right-wing authoritarianism) or by social-psychological (group membership and group identification) variables – or by a combination of both approaches. Causal modeling and multiple regression analyses showed that, with the present set of variables, sexism was best explained by considering the combined influence of both personality- and social-psychology constructs. The findings imply that it is necessary to integrate various approaches to explain prejudice.

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