scholarly journals Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Infants Aged 0–60 Days in the United States in the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liset Olarte ◽  
William J Barson ◽  
John S Bradley ◽  
Tina Q Tan ◽  
Philana Ling Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals 647Impact of 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S34-S34
Author(s):  
Lindsay Kim ◽  
Thomas H. Taylor ◽  
Tracy Pondo ◽  
Monica M. Farley ◽  
William Schaffner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination of Infants on Pneumonia and Influenza Hospitalization and Mortality in All Age Groups in the United States

mBio ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lone Simonsen ◽  
Robert J. Taylor ◽  
Yinong Young-Xu ◽  
Michael Haber ◽  
Larissa May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Conjugate Vaccination

ABSTRACT A seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) introduced in the United States in 2000 has been shown to reduce invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in both vaccinated children and adults through induction of herd immunity. We assessed the impact of infant immunization on pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalizations and mortality in all age groups using Health Care Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases (SID) for 1996 to 2006 from 10 states; SID contain 100% samples of ICD9-coded hospitalization data for the selected states. Compared to a 1996–1997 through 1998–1999 baseline, by the 2005–2006 season, both IPD and pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalizations and deaths had decreased substantially in all age groups, including a 47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 38 to 54%) reduction in nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (ICD9 code 481 with no codes indicating IPD) in infants <2 years old and a 54% reduction (CI, 53 to 56%) in adults ≥65 years of age. A model developed to calculate the total burden of pneumococcal pneumonia prevented by infant PCV7 vaccination in the United States from 2000 to 2006 estimated a reduction of 788,838 (CI, 695,406 to 875,476) hospitalizations for pneumococcal pneumonia. Ninety percent of the reduction in model-attributed pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalizations occurred through herd immunity among adults 18 years old and older; similar proportions were found in pneumococcal disease mortality prevented by the vaccine. In the first seasons after PCV introduction, when there were substantial state differences in coverage among <5-year-olds, states with greater coverage had significantly fewer influenza-associated pneumonia hospitalizations among children, suggesting that PCV7 use also reduces influenza-attributable pneumonia hospitalizations. IMPORTANCE Pneumonia is the world’s leading cause of death in children and the leading infectious cause of death among U.S. adults 65 years old and older. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination of infants has previously been shown to reduce invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among seniors through prevention of pneumococcal transmission from infants to adults (herd immunity). Our analysis documents a significant vaccine-associated reduction not only in IPD but also in pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalizations and inpatient mortality rates among both vaccinated children and unvaccinated adults. We estimate that fully 90% of the reduction in the pneumonia hospitalization burden occurred among adults. Moreover, states that more rapidly introduced their infant pneumococcal immunization programs had greater reductions in influenza-associated pneumonia hospitalization of children, presumably because the vaccine acts to prevent the pneumococcal pneumonia that frequently follows influenza virus infection. Our results indicate that seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use has yielded far greater benefits through herd immunity than have previously been recognized.

scholarly journals 1299. Epidemiology of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD) in the United States 2011-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S737-S738
Author(s):  
Ryan Gierke ◽  
Monica M Farley ◽  
William Schaffner ◽  
Ann Thomas ◽  
Art Reingold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
In Series

Abstract Background Thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was recommended for U.S. children aged &lt; 5 years in February 2010 and recommended in series with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) for adults aged ≥ 65 years in 2014. PCV13 has led to dramatic reductions in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) burden. New, higher valency PCVs (PCV15, PCV20) are expected to be licensed for adults in late 2021. We examined remaining PCV13-type IPD among children and adults and assessed IPD burden potentially preventable through PCV15 and PCV20 use. Methods IPD cases (isolation of pneumococcus from sterile sites) were identified through CDC’s Active Bacterial Core surveillance during 1998–2019. Isolates were serotyped by Quellung or whole genome sequencing. Incidence rates (cases/100,000) were calculated using U.S. Census Bureau population denominators. Results After introduction of PCV13 in children, by 2013–2014, PCV13-type IPD declined 89% (from 15 to 2 cases/100,000) in children age &lt; 5 years and 67% (from 19 to 7 cases/100,000) in adults age ≥ 65 years. During 2014–2019, rates of PCV13-type IPD in children and adults remained stable. In 2018–2019, among children age &lt; 5 years, serotypes 3, 19F, 19A, and 6C accounted for most of the remaining PCV13-type IPD (46%, 32%, 14% and 4% respectively) (Figure 1). Among adults age ≥ 65 years, serotypes 3, 6C, 19A, and 19F accounted for most of the remaining PCV13-type IPD (62%, 12%, 10%, and 9% respectively) (Figure 1). During 2015–2019, rates of PCV15 and PCV20-type IPD have remained stable. In 2018–2019, among adults age ≥ 65 years, PCV15 non-PCV13-type IPD rates were 3.6 cases per 100,000 and accounted for 15% of all IPD. PCV20 non-PCV13-type IPD rates were 6.8 cases per 100,000 and accounted for 29% of all IPD (Figure 2). Among children age &lt; 5 years, PCV15 non-PCV13-type IPD rates were 1.6 cases per 100,000 and accounted for 17% of all IPD. PCV20 non-PCV13-type IPD rates were 2.8 cases per 100,000 and accounted for 39% of all IPD (Figure 2). Figure 1. Incidence rates of IPD among children &lt; 5 years old, by pneumococcal conjugate vaccine type and individual PCV13 serotypes, 2011–2019 Figure 2. Incidence rates of IPD among adults ≥ 65 years old, by pneumococcal conjugate vaccine type and individual PCV13 serotypes, 2011–2019 Conclusion Following the dramatic reductions after PCV13 introduction, PCV13-type IPD has remained stable during the past five years. There are opportunities to prevent an additional 30% IPD burden among adults through new PCV use. Disclosures William Schaffner, MD, VBI Vaccines (Consultant) Lee Harrison, MD, GSK, Merck, Pfizer, Sanofi Pasteur (Consultant)

scholarly journals Invasive and Noninvasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Capsule and Surface Protein Diversity following the Use of a Conjugate Vaccine

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1711-1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Croney ◽  
Moon H. Nahm ◽  
Steven K. Juhn ◽  
David E. Briles ◽  
Marilyn J. Crain
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protein Diversity ◽  
Potential Efficacy

ABSTRACTThe 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced in the United States in 2010 for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and otitis media. While many studies have reported its potential efficacy for IPD, not much is known about the epidemiology of noninvasive disease following its introduction. We characterized the capsular types and surface protein genes of noninvasive pediatric pneumococcal isolates collected between 2002 and 2010 (n= 1,058) at Children's of Alabama following the introduction of PCV7 and tested a subset of noninvasive and previously characterized IPD isolates for the presence of thepspA,pspC, andrrgCgenes, which encode protection-eliciting proteins. PCV7 serotypes had dramatically decreased by 2010 (P< 0.0001), and only 50% of all noninvasive infections were caused by the PCV13 capsular serotypes. Serotype 19A accounted for 32% of the noninvasive isolates, followed by serotypes 35B (9%), 19F (7%), and 6C (6%). After 7 years of PCV7 usage, there were no changes in the frequencies of thepspAorpspCgenes; 96% of the strains were positive for family 1 or 2pspAgenes, and 81% were also positive forpspC. Unexpectedly, more noninvasive than invasive strains were positive forrrgC(P< 0.0001), and the proportion ofrrgC-positive strains in 2008 to 2010 was greater than that in 2002 to 2008 (IPD,P< 0.02; noninvasive,P< 0.001). Serotypes 19F, 19A, and 35B were more frequentlyrrgCpositive (P< 0.005) than other serotypes. A vaccine containing antigens, such as PspA, PspC, and/or RrgC, can provide coverage against most non-PCV13-type pneumococci. Continued surveillance is critical for optimal future vaccine development.

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