scholarly journals Role of Human Bocavirus in Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Acute Otitis Media

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nokso-Koivisto ◽  
R. B. Pyles ◽  
A. L. Miller ◽  
K. Jennings ◽  
M. Loeffelholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Acute upper respiratory tract infections in children: antibiotic therapy

2018 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
D. A. Tulupov ◽  
E. P. Karpova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Acute Tonsillitis ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

This article provides an overview of the current clinical guidelines and consensus papers on the role of bacterial infection, indications and algorithm for antibiotic therapy in the treatment of the most common acute upper respiratory tract infections in children: acute rhinosinusitis, acute otitis media and acute tonsillitis.

scholarly journals 4471 Interactions of the Infant Nasopharyngeal Microbiota and Subjects’ Clinical Traits in Development of Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Acute Otitis Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 49-49
Author(s):  
Kamil Khanipov ◽  
George Golovko ◽  
Anna Nia ◽  
Lorraine Evangelista ◽  
Yuriy Fofanov
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Identify the interactions between nasopharyngeal bacterial pathogens, commensals, and patient clinical characteristics in relation to the development of viral upper respiratory tract infections (URI) and acute otitis media (AOM) in infants. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The subjects were part of a prospective, longitudinal study (2008–2014) of infants to evaluate the prevalence and risks for the development of URI and AOM. Healthy infants (n = 362) were enrolled from near birth and followed to the first episode of AOM up to 12 months of age. Nasopharyngeal specimens and clinical traits were collected at monthly intervals between 1-6 months, month 9, and during viral URI episodes. Subjects were closely followed for AOM development. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on the nasopharyngeal swabs to identify their bacterial composition. Multidimensional (2, 3, and 4 dimensional) co-presence, co-exclusion, and one-way relation patterns were identified between the microbiome compositions, health status, and other collected clinical traits. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We analyzed 971 specimens collected monthly and during URI and AOM episodes from 139 infants. Of the 139 enrolled subjects, 96% had 2 or more healthy samples, 77% contracted URI/AOM during the study period, and 60% had at least 1 healthy sample before URI/AOM onset. Otopathogens (Moraxella, Haemophilus, and Streptococcus), Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas were the most common pathogenic genera. Corynebacterium, Dolosigranulum, and Acinetobacter were 3 most abundant commensal bacterial genera. Samples from infants with AOM in the first year had a significantly higher relative abundance of Haemophilus, Enterobacter, and Yersinia, and lower relative abundance of Corynebacterium, and Pseudomonas compared to samples from infants who did not develop AOM. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Identification of complex multidimensional interaction patterns within microbial communities and environmental factors is vital to understanding disease onset risk and prevention. Prophylactic microbiome and environmental factor modulation between enterotypes could be used to reduce URI/AOM onset in infants.

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Young Children: Duration of and Frequency of Complications

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen R. Wald ◽  
Nancy Guerra ◽  
Carol Byers
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

This study was performed to determine the usual duration of community-acquired viral upper respiratory tract infections and the incidence of complications (otitis media/sinusitis) of these respiratory tract infections in infancy and early childhood. Children in various forms of child-care arrangements (home care, group care, and day care) were enrolled at birth and observed for 3 years. Families were telephoned every 2 weeks to record on a standardized form the type and severity of illnesses experienced during the previous interval. Only children remaining in their original child-care group for the entire study period were compared. The mean duration of an upper respiratory tract infection varied between 6.6 days (for 1- to 2-year-old children in home care) and 8.9 days (for children younger than 1 year in day care). The percentage of apparently simple upper respiratory tract infections that lasted more than 15 days ranged from 6.5% (for 1- to 3-year-old children in home care) to 13.1% (for 2- to 3-year-old children in day care). Children in day care were more likely than children in home care to have protracted respiratory symptoms. Of 2741 respiratory tract infections recorded for the 3-year period, 801 (29.2%) were complicated by otitis media. During the first 2 years of life, children in any type of day care were more likely than children in home care to have otitis media as a complication of upper respiratory tract infection. In year 3, the risk of otitis media was similar in all types of child care.

scholarly journals A role of oropharyngeal microbiota in developing acute and chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-367
Author(s):  
I. I. Ababii ◽  
L. A. Danilov ◽  
M. K. Maniuc ◽  
P. I. Ababii ◽  
S. S. Ghinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Currently, a rise in incidence of polyethological inflammation of the upper respiratory tract mucosa paralleled by altered resident and transient microbiota displaying in many cases increased antibiotic resistance has been noted. Opportunistic microbes play a major role in developing inflammatory process in Pirogov–Waldeyer’s ring. An inflammatory process occurring in the tonsillar lymphatic tissue results in host systemic complications. Fighting against acute and chronic infections of the upper respiratory tract holds the main task in pediatric otorhinolaryngology, as they can consequently elicit the cardiovascular, genitourinary and musculoskeletal complications. The results of studies examining this issue remain very contradictory, which accounted for a need to conduct our study on the territory of Moldova featured with mixed climatic conditions. Here, we wanted to study a role of microbial factor in etiopathogenesis of chronic tonsillitis in children. Bacteriological microbiota data for superficial palatine tonsils were obtained form 608 children subdivided into 5 groups: group I — 333 children with compensated chronic tonsillitis; group II — 87 children with decompensated chronic tonsillitis; group III — 91 children with acute upper respiratory tract infections (comparison group); group IV — 48 children with acute upper respiratory tract infections treated with antibiotic therapy; group V — 49 apparently healthy children (control group). It was found that β-hemolytic streptococcus exerting high sensitivity to virtually all antibiotics groups was detected in 17.4% of children with acute tonsilar inflammatory processes and decompensated defense in the lymphatic pharyngeal ring compared to 3.5% in control group. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated in all study groups ranging within 4.8–21.7%, including 14% in apparently healthy children characterized by reduced antibiotics sensitivity. The data obtained suggest that sickly children with acute and chronic upper respiratory tract infections constitute a risk group for developing somatic diseases. The high incidence of Streptococcus pneumoniae indicates a need for performing immunoprophylaxis, use of therapeutic vaccination as a up-to-date, combined approach in treatment of such pediatric cohort.

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