Factors Associated With Corticosteroid Treatment for Pediatric Acute Respiratory Tract Infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Shapiro ◽  
Nathan P Palmer ◽  
Florence T Bourgeois
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Systemic Corticosteroids ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Health Care Company ◽  
Care Company

Abstract Systemic corticosteroids are not recommended to treat children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). Using data from a national commercial health care company, we found that corticosteroid treatment occurred in 3.2% of ARTI encounters. The adjusted odds of corticosteroid treatment were highest for bronchitis/bronchiolitis, in emergency departments, and in the South.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections among Children Under Five Years Attending Kinango Sub-County Hospital, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Muriithi ◽  
◽  
Simon Karanja ◽  
Mohamed Karama ◽  
Collins Okoyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: To examine occurrence of Acute Respiratory tract Infections (ARIs) and determine factors associated with ARIs among children under five years attending Kinango Sub-County Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among mother-child aged between 0-59 month’s pairs attending outpatient care. Participants were recruited using systematic sampling method. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize child, parental and environmental characteristics. Factors associated with ARIs were established using binary logistic regression analysis. Odds Ratio (OR), at 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and p <0.05 significant level was used to describe an association between covariates and the outcome variable. Independent factors associated with occurrence of ARIS were determined by stepwise logistic regression. Results: 385 children participated in this study. 228 children (59.2%) presented with ARIs, of which 90.8% were due to acute upper respiratory tract infections. 9.2% of the cases were due to pneumonia. Female gender aOR 3.39 [1.21-9.46], stunting aOR 3.62 [1.04-12.61], high parity aOR 11.45 [2.38-55.09], low maternal education aOR 3.54 [1.10-11.32] and recent hospitalization aOR 8.19 [1.75-38.43] increased the odds of occurrence of an ARI while normal birth weight aOR0.06 [0.01-0.62] was protective of ARIs. Conclusion: A high prevalence of ARIs among children aged below five years was observed in this study, associated with gender, stunting, parity, maternal education, birth weight and recurring hospitalization. Improvements in literacy levels, child nutrition and maternal and child health at large could help to reduce morbidity due to ARIs in this population.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Utilization for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in U.S. Emergency Departments

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 1451-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Donnelly ◽  
John W. Baddley ◽  
Henry E. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Antibiotic Utilization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACTInappropriate use of antibiotics for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) has decreased in many outpatient settings. For patients presenting to U.S. emergency departments (EDs) with ARTIs, antibiotic utilization patterns are unclear. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of ED patients from 2001 to 2010 using data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS). We identified patients presenting to U.S. EDs with ARTIs and calculated rates of antibiotic utilization. Diagnoses were classified as antibiotic appropriate (otitis media, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and nonviral pneumonia) or antibiotic inappropriate (nasopharyngitis, unspecified upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis or bronchiolitis, viral pneumonia, and influenza).There were 126 million ED visits with a diagnosis of ARTI, and antibiotics were prescribed in 61%. Between 2001 and 2010, antibiotic utilization decreased for patients aged <5 presenting with antibiotic-inappropriate ARTI (rate ratio [RR], 0.94; confidence interval [CI], 0.88 to 1.00). Utilization also decreased significantly for antibiotic-inappropriate ARTI patients aged 5 to 19 years (RR, 0.89; CI, 0.85 to 0.94). Utilization remained stable for antibiotic-inappropriate ARTI among adult patients aged 20 to 64 years (RR, 0.99; CI, 0.97 to 1.01). Among adults, rates of quinolone use for ARTI increased significantly from 83 per 1,000 visits in 2001 to 2002 to 105 per 1,000 in 2009 to 2010 (RR, 1.08; CI, 1.03 to 1.14). Although significant progress has been made toward reduction of antibiotic utilization for pediatric patients with ARTI, the proportion of adult ARTI patients receiving antibiotics in U.S. EDs is inappropriately high. Institution of measures to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use in the ED setting is warranted.

scholarly journals Extracellular amoebal-vesicles: potential transmission vehicles for respiratory viruses

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafik Dey ◽  
Melanie A. Folkins ◽  
Nicholas J. Ashbolt
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Environmental Persistence ◽  
Viral Dissemination ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractHuman respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute respiratory tract infections in children and immunocompromised adults worldwide. Here we report that amoebae-release respirable-sized vesicles containing high concentrations of infectious RSV that persisted for the duration of the experiment. Given the ubiquity of amoebae in moist environments, our results suggest that extracellular amoebal-vesicles could contribute to the environmental persistence of respiratory viruses, including potential resistance to disinfection processes and thereby offering novel pathways for viral dissemination and transmission.

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