scholarly journals Predictors of Distinct Trajectories of Medical Responsibility in Youth with Spina Bifida

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1153-1165
Author(s):  
Mariam Kayle ◽  
David I Chu ◽  
Alexa Stern ◽  
Wei Pan ◽  
Grayson N Holmbeck
Keyword(s):  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Family Stress ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Family Interactions ◽  
Medical Responsibility ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objective To determine if there are distinct developmental trajectories of medical responsibility in youth with spina bifida (SB) across ages 8–17 years and to identify condition-related, parental, and family systems predictors of membership in these trajectory groups. Methods Participants were 140 youth with SB and their parents who participated in four waves of a longitudinal study across 6 years (ages 8–15 years at Time 1). Multi-method (questionnaires and observed family interactions) and multi-respondent assessments were conducted during home visits. Results Findings revealed that there were two distinct developmental trajectories that characterized this sample, with one being labeled “high increasing” (two thirds of the sample) and one labeled “low increasing” (one third of the sample). Most predictor variables were significantly associated with trajectory group membership, with the exception of ethnicity, SES, and measures of conflict. When all significant univariate predictors were included in the same model, only intelligence quotient (IQ), family stress, and gender were retained as significant. Conclusions Most youth exhibited relatively rapid increases in responsibility over the course of late childhood and adolescence, but there was a smaller portion of the sample that did not exhibit this type of developmental trajectory. The magnitude of the IQ effect on group differentiation appeared to attenuate the effects of most other predictors. It will be important for clinicians working with youth with SB to recognize that the transfer of medical responsibility from parent to child cannot be expected to unfold in the same manner for all families of youth with SB.

An Epidemiological Study of Disorders in Late Childhood and Adolescence?I. Age- and Gender-Specific Prevalence

1993 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 851-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Cohen ◽  
Jacob Cohen ◽  
Stephanie Kasen ◽  
Carmen Noemi Velez ◽  
Claudia Hartmark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

scholarly journals Science and Math Interest and Gender Stereotypes: The Role of Educator Gender in Informal Science Learning Sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke McGuire ◽  
Tina Monzavi ◽  
Adam J. Hoffman ◽  
Fidelia Law ◽  
Matthew J. Irvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Informal Science ◽  
Informal Science Learning ◽  
Science Interest ◽  
Math And Science ◽  
And Gender

Interest in science and math plays an important role in encouraging STEM motivation and career aspirations. This interest decreases for girls between late childhood and adolescence. Relatedly, positive mentoring experiences with female teachers can protect girls against losing interest. The present study examines whether visitors to informal science learning sites (ISLS; science centers, zoos, and aquariums) differ in their expressed science and math interest, as well as their science and math stereotypes following an interaction with either a male or female educator. Participants (n = 364; early childhood, n = 151, Mage = 6.73; late childhood, n = 136, Mage = 10.01; adolescence, n = 59, Mage = 13.92) were visitors to one of four ISLS in the United States and United Kingdom. Following an interaction with a male or female educator, they reported their math and science interest and responded to math and science gender stereotype measures. Female participants reported greater interest in math following an interaction with a female educator, compared to when they interacted with a male educator. In turn, female participants who interacted with a female educator were less likely to report male-biased math gender stereotypes. Self-reported science interest did not differ as a function of educator gender. Together these findings suggest that, when aiming to encourage STEM interest and challenge gender stereotypes in informal settings, we must consider the importance of the gender of educators and learners.

scholarly journals A multi-trajectory analysis of commonly co-occurring mental health issues across childhood and adolescence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aja L. Murray ◽  
Manuel Eisner ◽  
Daniel Nagin ◽  
Denis Ribeaud
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Post Natal Depression

AbstractDevelopmental trajectories of mental health issues can often be usefully summarised in a small number of clinically meaningful subtypes. Given the high levels of heterotypic and homotypic comorbidity in child and adolescent mental health symptoms, we explored whether it was possible to identify clinically meaningful developmental subtypes of multiple commonly co-occurring mental health issues. We evaluated the combined developmental trajectories of the most common and commonly co-occurring child and adolescent mental health issues: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), internalising, and externalising symptoms in a normative sample of youth with data (n = 1620) at ages 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 15 using group-based multi-trajectory modelling. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of group membership. Our optimal model included six trajectory groups, labelled ‘unaffected’, ‘normative maturing’, ‘internalising’, ‘multimorbid late onset’, ‘multimorbid remitting’, and ‘multimorbid with remitting externalising’. Examining covariates of group membership suggested that males and bully victims tend to have complex mental health profiles; academic achievement and smoking during pregnancy have general associations with mental health irrespective of symptom developmental trajectories or combination; and maternal post-natal depression is primarily related to symptoms that are already in evidence by the beginning of the school years. Results suggest that developmental trajectories of commonly co-occurring mental health issues can be usefully summarised in terms of a small number of developmental subtypes. These subtypes more often than not involve multiple co-occurring mental health issues. Their association with mental health covariates depends on the combination and developmental timing of symptoms in ways that suggest they can be clinically informative.

From a molar to a molecular approach to the developmental trajectory of syntax comprehension by persons with intellectual disability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Facon
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Cognitive Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Regression Curves ◽  
Cognitive Measure ◽  
Syntactic Skills

The aim was to investigate whether a progressive dissociation between the cognitive level and syntax comprehension occurs during the development of persons with intellectual disabilities (ID). Two cross-sectional developmental trajectory analyses were successively conducted. Study 1 comprised 615 typically developing participants and 615 participants with ID. Their total scores on a syntax comprehension test were regressed on a nonverbal cognitive measure and the slopes of the two groups’ regression lines were compared. In Study 2, logistic regression curves of the two groups for each of the 92 test items were compared. Results showed only negligible between-groups differences of developmental trajectories, whatever the level of analysis. The idea of a progressive dissociation between cognitive level and receptive syntactic skills of people with ID is not confirmed. However, a syntax test evaluating more complex sentences than those used in this study might show such a dissociation.

scholarly journals Developmental changes in the structure of the social brain in late childhood and adolescence

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Mills ◽  
François Lalonde ◽  
Liv S. Clasen ◽  
Jay N. Giedd ◽  
Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Joint developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing disorders between childhood and adolescence

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel G. Nivard ◽  
Gitta H. Lubke ◽  
Conor V. Dolan ◽  
David M. Evans ◽  
Beate St. Pourcain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Growth Mixture Models ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

AbstractThis study sought to identify trajectories of DSM-IV based internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) problem scores across childhood and adolescence and to provide insight into the comorbidity by modeling the co-occurrence of INT and EXT trajectories. INT and EXT were measured repeatedly between age 7 and age 15 years in over 7,000 children and analyzed using growth mixture models. Five trajectories were identified for both INT and EXT, including very low, low, decreasing, and increasing trajectories. In addition, an adolescent onset trajectory was identified for INT and a stable high trajectory was identified for EXT. Multinomial regression showed that similar EXT and INT trajectories were associated. However, the adolescent onset INT trajectory was independent of high EXT trajectories, and persisting EXT was mainly associated with decreasing INT. Sex and early life environmental risk factors predicted EXT and, to a lesser extent, INT trajectories. The association between trajectories indicates the need to consider comorbidity when a child presents with INT or EXT disorders, particularly when symptoms start early. This is less necessary when INT symptoms start at adolescence. Future studies should investigate the etiology of co-occurring INT and EXT and the specific treatment needs of these severely affected children.

scholarly journals Cognitive and School Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Pain: A Critical Review

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D Dick ◽  
Rebecca Pillai Riddell
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions

Cognitive function is a critical factor related to a child’s overall developmental trajectory. There is increasing evidence that chronic pain disrupts cognitive function in adults. Little is known about the nature or impact of cognitive disruption in children and adolescents with chronic pain. The present review examines the current literature related to cognitive function in children and adolescents with chronic pain, implications of these findings and future research directions. Nine studies on this topic were found, with a relatively recent increase in publications related to school attendance and subjective studies of school performance. The studies that were found on this topic suggested that chronic pain affects cognitive function in children but the scope of these effects on children’s function and developmental trajectories is not yet clear. While methodological issues surely make it difficult to study cognitive function in children with chronic pain, the potential gains from such research warrant a pursuit of such work. Much remains to be studied on this important topic.

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