scholarly journals Caffeine Use and Associations With Sleep in Adolescents With and Without ADHD

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-653
Author(s):  
Caroline N Cusick ◽  
Joshua M Langberg ◽  
Rosanna Breaux ◽  
Cathrin D Green ◽  
Stephen P Becker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Medication Status

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to compare caffeine consumption in the morning, afternoon, and evening in adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and examine associations with sleep functioning. Methods Participants were 302 adolescents (ages 12–14) with (N = 140) and without (N = 162) ADHD. Adolescents wore actigraph watches to assess total sleep time and wake after sleep onset and reported on sleep–wake problems and the number of caffeinated beverages consumed per day in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Parents reported on adolescents’ difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep. Chi-square tests, odds ratios, and path analyses were conducted. Results Analyses controlled for sex, medication status, and pubertal development. Adolescents with ADHD were 2.47 times more likely to consume caffeine in the afternoon and evening than adolescents without ADHD. Path analyses indicated significant associations between afternoon caffeine use and more self-reported sleep problems for adolescents with and without ADHD, and an association between evening caffeine use and self-reported sleep problems only in adolescents with ADHD. Afternoon caffeine use was associated with parent-reported sleep problems in adolescents with ADHD only. Caffeine use was not associated with actigraphy-assessed sleep. Conclusion This is the first study to show that adolescents with ADHD consume more caffeine than peers during later times of the day. Additionally, caffeine use is more consistently associated with poorer subjective sleep functioning in adolescents with ADHD. Pediatricians and mental health professionals should assess for caffeine use in adolescents with ADHD and co-occurring sleep problems.

scholarly journals Featured Article: Technology Use and Sleep in Adolescents With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Bourchtein ◽  
Joshua M Langberg ◽  
Caroline N Cusick ◽  
Rosanna P Breaux ◽  
Zoe R Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Time In Bed

Abstract Objectives This study used a multi-informant approach to examine differences in types and rates of technology used by adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), associations between technology use and sleep/daytime sleepiness, and whether technology use was differentially related to sleep/daytime sleepiness in adolescents with and without ADHD. Methods Eighth graders with (n = 162) and without (n = 140) ADHD were recruited. Adolescents completed questionnaires assessing time spent using technology, sleep-wake problems, school-night time in bed, and daytime sleepiness. Parents and teachers reported on adolescents’ technology use and daytime sleepiness, respectively. Results Adolescents with ADHD had significantly greater total technology, television/movie viewing, video game, and phone/video chatting use than adolescents without ADHD. Adolescents with ADHD engaged in twice as much daily video game use compared to those without ADHD (61 vs. 31 min). Controlling for medication use, ADHD status, pubertal development, sex, and internalizing symptoms, greater parent- and adolescent-reported technology use was associated with more sleep-wake problems and less time in bed. ADHD status did not moderate the relations between technology use and these sleep parameters. In contrast, ADHD status moderated the association between parent-reported technology use and teacher-reported daytime sleepiness, such that this association was significant only for adolescents with ADHD. Conclusions Technology use, although more prevalent in adolescents with ADHD, is linked with more sleep problems and reduced school-night sleep duration regardless of ADHD status. Technology use is associated with teacher-rated daytime sleepiness only in adolescents with ADHD. Clinicians should consider technology usage when assessing and treating sleep problems.

scholarly journals Sleep problems in 0-36 months old Indonesian children with atopic dermatitis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Irwanto ◽  
Hapsari W. Ningtiar ◽  
Taufiq Hidayat ◽  
Azwin M. Putera ◽  
Zahrah Hikmah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
And Control

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing, highly pruritic skin condition that develops in early childhood. Sleep problems are common in AD children and lead to impaired quality of life, disturbance of neurocognitive function and behavior. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of sleep problems in 0-36 months old Indonesian children with AD. Children aged 0-36 months were enrolled, divided into two groups, AD and control. Sleep problems and AD were assessed using Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) and Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis Index (SCORAD). Chi-square test was performed to compare the outcome. There were 35 children participating in each group. In children with sleep problems, 85.7% were diagnosed with AD and 11.4% were non-AD. Nocturnal sleep duration, night waking, nocturnal wakefulness, sleep onset time, method of falling asleep and parental consideration of sleep problems occur more often within AD group. Severity of AD also significantly contributes to sleep problems in AD group. In conclusion, this study showed that sleep problems are more prevalent in children with AD.

Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Related Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 318-336
Author(s):  
Bruce Rohrs ◽  
Benjamen Gangewere ◽  
Alicia Kaplan ◽  
Amit Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions

Despite its common comorbidity, sleep disturbance is often underrecognized and undertreated in individuals with anxiety disorders. Compared to mood disorders, sleep disturbance in this population is less well studied except for panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Some evidence suggests a bidirectional link between anxiety disorders and sleep disturbance. Polysomnography findings point to some commonalities across anxiety disorders, including longer sleep onset latency, reduced total sleep time, and reduced sleep efficiency. The underlying biological mechanisms linking anxiety disorders and sleep disturbance are still unclear. However, there is limited evidence suggesting a connection between impaired executive functioning due to sleep problems and failure to inhibit anxiety related thoughts and feelings. Cortisol irregularities and disruption in the serotonergic system may also play a role. Evidence suggests that anxiety sensitivity is a transdiagnostic factor that contributes to both anxiety disorders and sleep disturbance. Further research is warranted to elucidate common biological and psychological factors underlying sleep disturbances and anxiety disorders. There is an imminent need to systematically assess the impact of sleep disturbance on symptom severity and treatment outcomes in anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and related disorders. Limited evidence is available for medications and targeted psychotherapeutic interventions for management of sleep disturbance thus warranting the development of robust sleep interventions to achieve optimal clinical outcomes in this patient population.

Sleep Disturbance in Preschool-Aged Hyperactive and Nonhyperactive Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie J. Kaplan ◽  
Jane McNicol ◽  
Richard A. Conte ◽  
H. K. Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Night Sweats ◽  
Definition Of

In spite of inadequate laboratory demonstrations of sleep problems in children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, the belief persists that such problems exist. Sleep restlessness is, in fact, one of the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ed 3, definition of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, and sleep problems are listed on two major checklists often used for describing the symptoms of this disorder. In a series of three studies, sleep problems were investigated in preschool-aged children with attention deficit disorder relative to control children without the disorder. Results of the first two studies demonstrated clearly that parents of hyperactive children considered their children to have many more sleep problems than did parents of the control children. Parental daily documentation, which is less likely to be affected by reporting bias, was used in the third study. Although the results of the third study supported the finding of increased frequency of night wakings in these children, there was no difference in total sleep time or sleep onset latency between the two groups. Two other significant group differences (enuresis and night sweats) were primarily due to subgroups of children with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity. The greater number of sleep wakings, which disrupt parents' sleep, may be responsible for the clinical reports that these children are poor sleepers.

Does Cigarette Smoking Increase Sleep Problems?

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances J. Lexcen ◽  
Robert A. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Daily Diaries ◽  
Delayed Sleep ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender

Cigarette smoking has been associated with delayed sleep onset and diminished sleep duration, primarily on the bases of responses to one-shot questionnaires. This study used a survey format of daily diaries to observe sleep quality. 29 smokers were matched for age, ethnicity, and gender with 29 nonsmokers. Both groups recorded information on cigarette, alcohol, caffeine consumption, daily stress, and sleep quality. While the results showed that smokers were more likely to experience poor sleep than nonsmokers, these data are difficult to interpret because smokers also used significantly greater amounts of alcohol and caffeine.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sleep problems and its relation to sleeping habits in toddlers

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Sima Maree ◽  
Esa Mohammadi Zidi ◽  
Saeed Yari ◽  
Maryam Javadi
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sleeping Habits ◽  
Children’S Sleep ◽  
The Impact

Background: Sleep problems in children have serious physical and psychological consequences such as obesity, aggression and attention deficit disorder in toddlers. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of sleep problems and its relation with sleeping habits of toddlers in 2017. Methods: By random sampling from rural families of Razan city of Hamadan province, 120 mothers of 12- to 36-month-old children were selected and data collection tools included contextual questions, medical history and 33-question questionnaire of children's sleep habits (CSHQ) completed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23, independent t-test, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. Results: The mean age of the children was 22.82±7.53 months and 55% of them were boys and the prevalence of sleep problems was 70.8% (95% confidence interval: 71.9-69.7). The average sleep duration of the children was 11 hours and more than 60% of the children went to bed after 23 o'clock. Results show that age is an important factor in most dimensions of CSHQ and age predicts daytime sleepiness (β = -0.263), nocturnal wakefulness (β = -0.113) and duration, Sleep time (β = -0.108) and sleep resistance (β = 0.194) respectively. Also, parents' education and child's current weight were predictors of subscales of CSHQ questionnaire (P <0.05). In addition, there was a positive and significant correlation between sleep duration with infant sleep anxiety (r = 0.527) and resistance to sleep (r = 0.473) as well as nocturnal wakefulness with parasomnia (r = 0.416) (P <0.001). Conclusion: Given the alarming prevalence of sleep problems in toddlers in the present study and the impact of some changeable factors on children's sleep health, designing interventions aimed at educating mothers to improve healthy sleep habits in toddlers is necessary.

scholarly journals Sleep Disturbances in Survivors of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Their Siblings

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 707-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Brooke Russell ◽  
Erin L Merz ◽  
Kathleen Reynolds ◽  
Fiona Schulte ◽  
Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Survivor Group

Abstract Objective Sleep disturbances have been identified by patients with cancer as common and distressing; however, conflicting evidence about the prevalence of these outcomes exists for survivors of childhood cancers. Additionally, little is known about how the experience of cancer might impact survivor siblings’ sleep. The current study compared the sleep of survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia who were 2–7 years off therapy and their siblings to healthy control/sibling dyads. Methods Participants (survivors, n = 45; survivor siblings, n = 27; controls, n = 45; control siblings, n = 41; 58% male) aged 8–18 (m = 11.64) completed a 7-day sleep diary and seven consecutive days of actigraphy. Parents (n = 90) completed the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire for each of their children. Results No between-group differences were found on measures of sleep diaries or actigraphy. Parents reported that survivor siblings had significantly poorer sleep habits than survivors or controls. For survivors, greater time off treatment and younger age at diagnosis were associated with less total sleep time, more wake after sleep onset, and decreased sleep efficiency via actigraphy. Conclusion Sleep across all groups was consistent and below national guidelines. Although the survivor group did not have poorer sleep compared to their siblings or matched controls, within the survivor group, those who were diagnosed at an earlier age and those who were further off treatment had more disrupted sleep. Parent reports suggested that survivor siblings may be at risk for sleep problems.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sleep problems and its relation to sleeping habits in toddlers

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Maree ◽  
Esa Mohammadi Zidi ◽  
Saeed Yari ◽  
Maryam Javadi
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sleeping Habits ◽  
Children’S Sleep ◽  
The Impact

Background: Sleep problems in children have serious physical and psychological consequences such as obesity, aggression and attention deficit disorder in toddlers. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of sleep problems and its relation with sleeping habits of toddlers in 2017. Methods: By random sampling from rural families of Razan city of Hamadan province, 120 mothers of 12- to 36-month-old children were selected and data collection tools included contextual questions, medical history and 33-question questionnaire of children's sleep habits (CSHQ) completed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23, independent t-test, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. Results: The mean age of the children was 22.82±7.53 months and 55% of them were boys and the prevalence of sleep problems was 70.8% (95% confidence interval: 71.9-69.7). The average sleep duration of the children was 11 hours and more than 60% of the children went to bed after 23 o'clock. Results show that age is an important factor in most dimensions of CSHQ and age predicts daytime sleepiness (β = -0.263), nocturnal wakefulness (β = -0.113) and duration, Sleep time (β = -0.108) and sleep resistance (β = 0.194) respectively. Also, parents' education and child's current weight were predictors of subscales of CSHQ questionnaire (P <0.05). In addition, there was a positive and significant correlation between sleep duration with infant sleep anxiety (r = 0.527) and resistance to sleep (r = 0.473) as well as nocturnal wakefulness with parasomnia (r = 0.416) (P <0.001). Conclusion: Given the alarming prevalence of sleep problems in toddlers in the present study and the impact of some changeable factors on children's sleep health, designing interventions aimed at educating mothers to improve healthy sleep habits in toddlers is necessary.

Effect on Primary Sleep Disorders When Children With ADHD Are Administered Guanfacine Extended Release

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Rugino
Keyword(s):  
Extended Release ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Time Awake

Objective: To evaluate children with ADHD and sleep problems with polysomnography (PSG) after guanfacine extended-release (GXR) administration. Method: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was terminated early due to treatment-emergent concerns after enrolling 29 children aged 6 to 12 years. After >4 weeks dose adjustment and >1 week dose stabilization, 11 children received GXR and 16 controls underwent analyses with PSG. Results: Although GXR improved ADHD symptoms, the primary outcome variable, total sleep time, was shorter in contrast to placebo (−57.32, SD = 89.17 vs. +31.32, SD = 59.54 min, p = .005). Increased time awake after sleep onset per hour of sleep was the primary factor for the reduction. Although rapid eye movement (REM), non-REM, and N3/slow wave sleep times were reduced, these were proportional to the overall sleep reduction. Sedation was common with GXR (73% vs. 6%). Conclusion: Morning-administered GXR resulted in decreased sleep and may contribute to sedation.

scholarly journals The Effects of Caffeine on Sleep Patterns Among Adolescents

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Caffeine Consumption

This review of literature examines whether there is a causal relationship between caffeine consumption and sleep patterns among adolescents. Literature suggests that there is a cause and effect relationship between caffeine intake and cognitive performance in adults. Researchers also found that among the adult population, consuming caffeine before sleep resulted in increased sleep onset time, reduced total sleep time, and poorer sleep quality. Specifically, adolescents ingest the majority of their total caffeine intake through caffeinated sodas. Studies have shown that adolescents consume more caffeine later in the week, which correlates with shorter total sleep time and decreased sleep quality. Thus, in review of the literature, it was determined that caffeine negatively affects sleep habits among adults, but further research should be conducted in order to conclude whether this relationship holds true among adolescents.

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