scholarly journals Invertebrates, Fungal Biomass, and Leaf Breakdown in Pools and Riffles of Neotropical Streams

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Tavares Martins ◽  
Lidimara Souza da Silveira ◽  
Marcos Pereira Lopes ◽  
Roberto Gama Alves
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Leaf Breakdown ◽  
Neotropical Streams

The influence of nutrients on fungal growth, productivity, and sporulation during leaf breakdown in streams

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1361-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keller Suberkropp
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Aquatic Hyphomycetes ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Leaf Breakdown ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

In streams, aquatic hyphomycetes degrade leaf litter and transform it into a more suitable resource for invertebrate detritivores. Previous studies have demonstrated that fungi comprise a major portion of the microbial biomass associated with decomposing leaves and that inputs of leaves in the autumn reduce the concentration of soluble phosphorus in the water. These observations indicate that fungi obtain inorganic nutrients from the water passing over leaf surfaces. However, very little is known concerning the effects of nutrients on the activity of the fungi growing within leaves. To examine this question, I determined fungal biomass (from ergosterol concentrations) and sporulation rates during the breakdown of yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) leaves in three streams that differed in water chemistry. I also estimated instantaneous growth rates by measuring rates of [14C]acetate incorporation into ergosterol and calculated fungal productivity from growth rates and biomass. Growth rates and productivity determined by this method showed good agreement with values calculated from changes in fungal biomass during early stages of leaf breakdown for two of the streams examined. Highest concentrations of fungal biomass and greatest fungal activity occurred in the stream with the highest concentrations of nutrients. However, differences in total fungal production and biomass were not as great as were differences among sporulation rates in the three streams suggesting that fungal allocation of resources to growth and reproduction can vary depending on nutrient availability. Key words: aquatic hyphomycetes, ergosterol, leaf breakdown, nutrients, fungal productivity, streams.

scholarly journals The leaf breakdown of Picramnia sellowii (Picramniales: Picramniaceae) as index of anthropic disturbances in tropical streams

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 846-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Lopes ◽  
R. T. Martins ◽  
L. S. Silveira ◽  
R. G. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Leaf Breakdown ◽  
Breakdown Rate ◽  
Litter Bags ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract There are few studies in tropical regions exploring the use of leaf breakdown process as a functional tool to assess anthropic disturbance on aquatic ecosystems. We assessed the effects of water pollution due to human activities on the leaf breakdown rate of Picramnia sellowii in streams of the southeastern Brazil. The experiment was carried out for 60 days in three reference streams and three streams impaired by organic pollution and absence of riparian vegetation. Three litter bags were incubated in each stream containing 3 ± 0.05 g of P. sellowii leaves. The reference streams presented higher values of dissolved oxygen and lower values of nutrients, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total impermeable area and water temperature. The leaf breakdown rate (k) differed significantly between the reference (k = 0.014 ± 0.003 d–1) and impaired streams (k = 0.005 ± 0.001 d–1). The leaves incubated in the reference streams contained greater fungal biomass (measured as ergosterol concentration) and abundance of invertebrates, as well as greater presence of shredders, with k values being related to the biomass of these organisms. Overall, there were clear differences between the leaf mass loss in the reference and impaired streams. These results reinforce the negative effect of urbanization on leaf breakdown and fungal and shredder biomass.

Does leaf quality mediate the stimulation of leaf breakdown by phosphorus in Neotropical streams?

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCELO ARDON ◽  
LINDSAY A. STALLCUP ◽  
CATHERINE M. PRINGLE
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Breakdown ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Neotropical Streams ◽  
Stimulation Of

Utilization of Waste of Enzymes Biomass as Biosorbent for the Removal of Dyes from Aqueous Solution in Batch and Fluidized Bed Column

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Salman H. Abbas ◽  
Younis M. Younis ◽  
Mohammed K. Hussain ◽  
Firas Hashim Kamar ◽  
Gheorghe Nechifor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Solution Flow Rate ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Solution Flow

The biosorption performance of both batch and liquid-solid fluidized bed operations of dead fungal biomass type (Agaricusbisporus ) for removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution was investigated. In batch system, the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of dead fungal biomass were evaluated. In fluidized bed system, the experiments were conducted to study the effects of important parameters such as particle size (701-1400�m), initial dye concentration(10-100 mg/L), bed depth (5-15 cm) and solution flow rate (5-20 ml/min) on breakthrough curves. In batch method, the experimental data was modeled using several models (Langmuir,Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkviechmodels) to study equilibrium isotherms, the experimental data followed Langmuir model and the results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity obtained was (28.90, 24.15, 21.23 mg/g) at mean particle size (0.786, 0.935, 1.280 mm) respectively. In Fluidized-bed method, the results show that the total ion uptake and the overall capacity will be decreased with increasing flow rate and increased with increasing initial concentrations, bed depth and decreasing particle size.

Contribution of macroinvertebrates to leaf breakdown in the Okpara River, Bénin.

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Tchaou C. Madina ◽  
Gouissi F. Modeste ◽  
Abahi K. Simon ◽  
Adje D. Darius ◽  
Orou P. Zoulkanerou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Breakdown

Biosorption of organochlorine pesticides using fungal biomass

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
A L Juhasz ◽  
E Smith ◽  
J Smith ◽  
R Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Fungal Biomass

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal fungal biomass and scavenging declines in phosphorus-impoverished soils during ecosystem retrogression

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
François P. Teste ◽  
Etienne Laliberté ◽  
Hans Lambers ◽  
Yasha Auer ◽  
Susanne Kramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Biomass

Fish communities critically depend on forest subsidies in small neotropical streams with high biodiversity value

Biotropica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean‐Marc Roussel ◽  
Raphael Covain ◽  
Regis Vigouroux ◽  
Luc Allard ◽  
Anne Treguier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Communities ◽  
Neotropical Streams

scholarly journals Lupeol acetate as a potent antifungal compound against opportunistic human and phytopathogenic mold Macrophomina phaseolina

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Javed ◽  
Zaid Mahmood ◽  
Khalid Mohammed Khan ◽  
Satyajit D. Sarker ◽  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antifungal Compound ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Lupeol Acetate

AbstractAntifungal activity of Monothecabuxifolia methanolic extract and its various fractions were assessed against Macrophominaphaseolina, a soil-borne fungal pathogen of more than 500 vegetal species as well as rare and emerging opportunistic human pathogen. Different concentrations of methanolic extract (3.125 to 200 mg mL−1) inhibited fungal biomass by 39–45%. Isolated n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions suppressed fungal biomass by 32–52%, 29–50% and 29–35%, respectively. Triterpenes lupeol and lupeol acetate (1, 2) were isolated from n-hexane while betulin, β-sitosterol, β-amyrin, oleanolic acid (3–6) were isolated from chloroform fraction. Vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, kaempferol and quercetin (7–10) were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction and identified using various spectroscopic techniques namely mass spectroscopy and NMR. Antifungal activity of different concentrations (0.0312 to 2 mg mL−1) of the isolated compounds was evaluated and compared with the activity of a broad spectrum fungicide mancozeb. Different concentrations of mencozeb reduced fungal biomass by 83–85%. Among the isolated compounds lupeol acetate (2) was found the highest antifungal against M.phaseolina followed by betulin (3), vanillic acid (7), protocatechuic acid (8), β-amyrin (5) and oleanolic acid (6) resulting in 79–81%, 77–79%, 74–79%, 67–72%, 68–71% and 68–71%, respectively. Rest of the compounds also showed considerable antifungal activity and reduced M.phaseolina biomass by 41–64%.

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