scholarly journals Postteneral Protein Feeding may Improve Biological Control Efficiency of Aphytis lingnanensis and Aphytis melinus

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Vanaclocha ◽  
Dan Papacek ◽  
Maria Jesús Verdú ◽  
Alberto Urbaneja
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Aphytis Melinus ◽  
Protein Feeding

scholarly journals Biology of an Adventive Population of the Armored Scale Rhizaspidiotus donacis, a Biological Control Agent of Arundo donax in California

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 588
Author(s):  
Charles A. Braman ◽  
Adam M. Lambert ◽  
A. Zeynep Özsoy ◽  
Ellen N. Hollstien ◽  
Kirsten A. Sheehy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Aphytis Melinus ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Armored Scale ◽  
Riparian Systems

Arundo donax (giant reed) is invasive in Mediterranean, sub-, and tropical riparian systems worldwide. The armored scale Rhizaspidiotus donacis is approved for biocontrol in North America, but an adventive population was recently discovered in southern California. We documented this population’s distribution, phylogeny, phenology, potential host spillover to Phragmites spp., and potential for parasitism by a common biocontrol parasitoid of citrus scale. The adventive scale was found within a single watershed and is genetically closest to Iberian scale genotypes. Rhizaspidiotus donacis developed on Phragmites haplotypes but at much lower densities than Arundo. The adventive population is univoltine, producing crawlers from March-June. Aphytis melinus parasitoids exhibited sustained interest in R. donacis during choice and no-choice trials and oviposition resulted in a small second generation. Rhizaspidiotus donacis appears limited in distribution by its univoltinism and sessile adult females. This presents challenges for broad biocontrol implementation but allows for targeted application. The genetic differentiation between imported biocontrol samples and adventive populations presents an opportunity for exploring benefits of hybrids and/or alternative genotypes where establishment has been difficult. While unlikely to occur in situ, spillover to vulnerable endemic Phragmites or deleterious parasitoid effects on scale biocontrol agents warrants consideration when planning use of R. donacis.

Comparison of chemical and biological control efficiency of two-spotted spider mites in strawberry greenhouses

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Hyo Jin Jeong ◽  
◽  
Ju-wan Kang ◽  
Hyun Seung Lee ◽  
Hojung Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Control Efficiency

Toxicity of malathion to California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Abdelrahman
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Aonidiella Aurantii ◽  
Moult Stage ◽  
Aphytis Melinus ◽  
Pre Treatment

The natural enemies of red scale, Aphytis melinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Comperiella bifasciata (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), and Lindorus lophanthae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were found to be much more susceptible to malathion than the female red scale in the second moult stage. It is concluded, therefore, that integration of malathion and biological control of red scale does not seem possible. Susceptibility of A. melinus to malathion was found to be a linear function of the duration of starvation prior to treatment. Individuals of A. melinus varied markedly in weight and this was found to be due to the number of parasites developed on one host and on the size of the host. A method based on wing length for estimating after treatment the pre-treatment weight of A. melinus is described, so that a correction for the weight of individuals may be applied. A circadian rhythm of susceptibility of A. melinus to malathion was found. It was shown that A. melinus possesses a mechanism for developing resistance to malathion. In eight generations of selection it had become 3.4 times more resistant and still had potential for further increase in resistance if selection were continued.

scholarly journals Ecological strategies of biological and chemical control agents on wildfire disease of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianbo Liu ◽  
Yabing Gu ◽  
Zhicheng Zhou ◽  
Zhenghua Liu ◽  
Huaqun Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Ecological Strategies ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Pesticide ◽  
Endophytic Community

Abstract Background To investigate the ecological effects of chemical and biological control methods on tobacco wildfire disease, a plot field experiment was conducted to compare the control efficiency and mechanisms of a chemical pesticide (kasugamycin wettable powder, KWP) and a biological control agent (BCA) through high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Results The results showed that the BCA displayed better performance in decreasing the disease index and morbidity of tobacco than the chemical pesticide. By monitoring the endophytic community within tobacco leaves, it was found that the control effects of these two methods might be mediated by different changes in the endophytic bacterial communities and community assembly patterns. The application of either method decreased the taxonomic diversity of the leaf endophytic community. Compared to the BCA, KWP showed a more significant effect on the endophytic community structure, while the endophytic community treated with the BCA was able to return to the original state, which presented much lower disease infection. The disease control efficiency of KWP and BCA treatments might be achieved by increasing the abundance of Sphingomonas and Streptophyta, respectively. Furthermore, an analysis of the ecological processes in community assembly indicated that the BCA strengthened the homogeneous and variable selection, while KWP enhanced ecological drift. Conclusions The results suggested different control mechanisms between KWP and BCA treatments, which will help in developing diverse ecological strategies for plant disease control.

scholarly journals Eficiência de fungos filamentosos no controle biológico da vassoura de bruxa do cacaueiro

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moabe Mattos Oliveira ◽  
Fábia Giovana Do Val De Assis ◽  
Patrícia Lopes Leal
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Broom Disease ◽  
The Mean

We analyzed the fungi efficiency in the biological control of witches’ broom disease in different experimental conditions (laboratory, greenhouse, and field) through a systematic review of the literature. Species/isolates were divided into three groups and the mean efficiency of these microorganisms was assessed. The groups were represented by the genera Trichoderma (51.5% efficiency) and Clonostachys (38%), and the endophytic fungi (22%). Nevertheless, experimental conditions may affect the biological control efficiency. Trichoderma and Clonostachys were the most efficient genera in reducing the incidence of witches´ broom disease and also the most used in biocontrol this phytopathogenicity.

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