Global production network dis/articulations in Zanzibar: practices and conjunctures of exclusionary development in the tourism industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 943-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T Murphy

Abstract Recent assessments of economic geographers’ work on global production stress the need for improved understandings of the immanent, structural and contingent drivers of disarticulations—uneven and exclusionary development outcomes that often occur when places become connected to global production networks (GPN). Some argue that a productive approach is to view the places or regions linked to GPN as ‘conjunctures’ of context-specific and multi-scalar processes, social formations, power relations, histories and structures that shape the quality of GPN couplings and help to produce disarticulations. This article argues that an epistemological focus on the practices of firms connected to GPN can yield insights into industry-specific processes (e.g. value creation, upgrading) and region- or place-specific conjunctural factors that produce disarticulations. The approach is elaborated on and applied illustratively to the case of Zanzibar’s (Tanzania) tourism industry, a sector that has grown rapidly but in a manner that has excluded many of the archipelago’s residents from the benefits of increasing integration into GPN. The practices of Zanzibari enterprises and foreign-owned resorts show how local enterprises are increasingly marginal in tourism GPN, while large-scale resorts and non-local firms capture and subsequently offshore much of the value generated by the industry. A qualitative analysis of these practices highlights how they are shaped in part by the conjuncture of several structural factors and processes—political, economic, racial and technological—that help to produce disarticulations in Zanzibar.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-117
Author(s):  
Anna Beckers

AbstractReviewing the burgeoning legal scholarship on global value chains to delineate the legal image of the global value chain and then comparing this legal image with images on global production in neighbouring social sciences research, in particular the Global Commodity Chain/Global Value Chain and the Global Production Network approach, this article reveals that legal research strongly aligns with the value chain image, but takes less account of the production-centric network image. The article then outlines a research agenda for legal research that departs from a network perspective on global production. To that end, it proposes that re-imagining the law in a world of global production networks requires a focus in legal research on the legal construction of global production and its infrastructure and a stronger contextualization of governance obligations and liability rules in the light of the issue-specific legal rules that apply to said infrastructure.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-237
Author(s):  
Eunyeong Song ◽  
Douglas R. Gress ◽  
Edo Andriesse

The purpose of this article is to examine the multi-spatial and developmental dynamics of the cinnamon industry in Sri Lanka, the largest exporter in the world by value added. This contribution compares Karandeniya, a major traditional cultivating hub, and Matale, a region new to cinnamon cultivation, deploying a Global Production Network (GPN) framework inclusive of regional development considerations. Analyses, based on input from 23 semi-structured, in-depth interviews, examine the potential for all stakeholders to acquire equity or ‘how’ captured value influences the region ‘and’ individual actors over the course of development. Fieldwork reveals four upstream actors in the cinnamon industry, namely—farmers, peelers, collectors and exporting firms. Results indicate that the cinnamon boom led to strategic decoupling with the exporting firms in Colombo and subsequent strategic recoupling with other actors. The primary contribution of the research rests in the interpretation of resulting structural changes in each region from a bifurcated view of regional development. Based on regional economic growth, Karandeniya appears to be more successful. However, considering the extent of value distribution within the region, Matale is on a more inclusive trajectory vis-à-vis cinnamon exports. Based on these results, three implications for GPN theory and related development policy are suggested.


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-678
Author(s):  
Gale Raj-Reichert

Abstract Research on labour governance actors in global production networks (GPNs) has been limited to civil society organisations, firms and governments. Understanding the influence of actors in GPNs has been dealt with singular and overt modes of relational power. This paper contributes to both debates by examining an intermediary actor—the social auditing organisation Verité—and its exercise of multiple modes of overt and covert powers to illustrate the complex terrain of change in GPNs. Verité, whose exposure of forced labour in Malaysian electronics subsequently changed labour governance practices in the electronics industry, mobilised power resources of credible information to exercise powers of expert authority and acts of dissimulation across various networked relationships in the GPN. This paper puts forth a multi-power framework of analysis to understand the micro-politics of GPNs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-575
Author(s):  
Shuangqing Liao ◽  
Adrian Rüegg ◽  
Roman Hänggi

Global production networks are highly complex to manage and constantly to optimize. Recent developments such as political power changes, pandemic crises or increasing trade hurdles have significantly altered the risk exposure of global production set-ups. We use optimization and simulation tools to derive a suitable network type. We develop a global cross-shipping strategy with an integrated approach combining heuristics and simulation. We quantify the impacts of different uncertainties, such as plant closure and high demand variation with simulation, and it to compare to a local-to-local production network. Our approach makes the model easy to implement and close to real-world processes. This paper provides support for production network decision-making. We present a scientifically sound and practically feasible approach to an important actual business management problem. The developed integrated approach does not require assumptions about the production network structure or policies and is therefore applicable to a wide range of settings. In our case study, we quantify the positive impact of a global cross-shipping production network in comparison to a local-to-local approach. The result of our study helps to adjust the needed strategic and operational measures to manage a global production network.


2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110481
Author(s):  
Neil McGregor ◽  
Neil M. Coe

This paper explores the intersections and overlaps between state capitalism and global production networks. A key feature of the so-called new state capitalism is the combination of state ownership and corporatisation, which creates a system that can be characterised as a hybrid of public–private governance in both corporate and network terms. Moreover, the internationalisation of state hybrids adds an extraterritorial dimension to the state, which can influence the configuration and governance of global production networks. This paper develops a conceptual framework (H–E–N) that foregrounds the relationships between hybrid governance (H), extraterritoriality (E) and global production network configurations (N), thereby promoting an integrated analysis of the implications of the new state capitalism for global production networks. This framework is mobilised to explain how state capitalism in Singapore has influenced the development of the city-state's position in upstream, midstream and downstream oil global production networks over the 1959–2019 period. The study demonstrates that hybrid governance, as part of a wider strategy of state capitalism, has been critical in the development of Singapore's position in oil global production networks. The hybrid nature of the institutional forms associated with state ownership – for instance state-owned enterprises and sovereign wealth funds – goes beyond market facilitation to encompass active state participation in markets. Hybrid governance not only allows the state to influence domestic outcomes but – through the extraterritorial strategies of hybrid entities – can also influence global production network configurations beyond its borders.


2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Breul ◽  
Javier Revilla Diez ◽  
Maxensius Tri Sambodo

Abstract The Global Production Network (GPN) approach has not yet considered the importance of territorial intermediaries for strategic coupling. This article demonstrates how the prospects of strategic coupling for the case of Vietnam and Indonesia with the oil and gas GPN are affected by the gateway role of Singapore. Based on interviews, the analysis reveals how Singapore influences regional economic development along the GPN through different filtering mechanisms, limiting the potential for strategic coupling for Vietnam and Indonesia. For GPN research, the identified filtering mechanisms illustrate how the territoriality of GPNs contributes to differentiated territorial outcomes. The findings therefore indicate the need to intensify the appreciation of the particular territorial configuration of GPNs as this yields considerable explanatory power for understanding the unequal contours of the global economy.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 248-277
Author(s):  
Daniel Féo Castro de Araújo ◽  
Fernando Luiz Araújo Sobrinho

No início do século XXI, o agronegócio sucroenergético teve forte expansão no território brasileiro, especialmente nas regiões que estão no domínio morfoclimático do Cerrado, em função da construção de novas Unidades Agroindustriais Sucroenergéticas (UAS) e dos processos de financeirização e centralização do capital. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o processo de modernização da cultura canavieira na produção agrícola na mesorregião Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba. Para a realização da pesquisa, fizeram-se imprescindíveis os seguintes passos metodológicos: a) levantamento bibliográfico, leituras de material acadêmico já publicado sobre o tema (teses e dissertações, livros, periódicos, dentre outros) através de levantamento bibliográfico temático (específico sobre o setor sucroenergético e a cultura canavieira); b) pesquisa em campo que consistiu em levantamento, exame e organização de dados secundários da produção e da situação econômico-financeira das empresas, assim como de bases de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE).O Brasil se consolidou nas últimas décadas como uma das modernas fronteiras de expansão agrícola e agroexportador de produtos ligados ao agronegócio, especialmente no período pós - anos 2000, sob o paradigma da agricultura científica globalizada. Um conjunto de circunstâncias favoráveis, tanto técnica e político-econômica provocaram uma nova organização do setor, pautada na internacionalização do mercado e na difusão de inovações científico-tecnológicas, confirmando o caráter mais corporativo do território e a procura de novas áreas estratégicas. Concluímos que, a partir da organização dos dados e informações coletadas, o Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba se tornou nas últimas décadas uma importante Região Produtiva do Agronegócio impactando as relações e o mercado de trabalho, os fluxos migratórios, os municípios aonde a atividade se implantou, a articulação da região as redes de produção global, bem como questões ambientais decorrentes da produção em larga escala. Palavras-chave: Modernização da agricultura. Agronegócio. Commodities. Globalização. Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba.   THE DYNAMICS OF THE SUCROENERGETIC SECTOR IN THE TRIÂNGULO MINEIRO/ALTO PARANAÍBA ABSTRACT At the beginning of the 21st century, sugar-energy agribusiness had a strong expansion in the Brazilian territory, especially in the regions that are in the Cerrado's morphoclimatic domain, due to the construction of new Agroindustrial Sucroenergetic Units (UAS) and the processes of financialization and centralization of capital. The objective of this article is to analyze the process of modernization of the sugarcane culture in agricultural production in the Triângulo Mineiro / Alto Paranaíba mesoregion. To carry out the research, the following methodological steps were essential: a) bibliographic survey, readings of academic material already published on the topic (theses and dissertations, books, periodicals, among others) through a thematic bibliographic survey (specific about the sugar-energy sector and sugar cane culture); b) field research that consisted of surveying, examining and organizing secondary data on the production and economic and financial situation of companies, as well as databases from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). decades as one of the modern frontiers of agricultural expansion and agroexporter of products linked to agribusiness, especially in the post - 2000s period, under the paradigm of globalized scientific agriculture. A set of favorable circumstances, both technical and political-economic, provoked a new organization of the sector, based on the internationalization of the market and the diffusion of scientific and technological innovations, confirming the more corporate character of the territory and the search for new strategic areas. We conclude that, based on the organization of the data and information collected, the Triângulo Mineiro / Alto Paranaíba has become an important Agribusiness Productive Region in the last decades, impacting relations and the labor market, migratory flows, the municipalities where the activity was implemented , the articulation of the region with global production networks, as well as environmental issues arising from large-scale production.  Keywords: Modernization of agriculture. Agribusiness. Commodities. Globalization. Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba.   LA DINÁMICA DEL SECTOR SUCROENERGETICO EM TRIÂNGULO MINEIRO/ALTO PARANAÍBA RESUMEN A principios del siglo XXI, los agronegocios de energía azucarera tuvieron una fuerte expansión en el territorio brasileño, especialmente en las regiones que se encuentran en el dominio morfoclimático del Cerrado, debido a la construcción de nuevas Unidades Agroindustriales de Energía de Azúcar (UAS) y los procesos de financiarización y centralización del capital. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el proceso de modernización del cultivo de la caña de azúcar en la producción agrícola en la mesorregión Triângulo Mineiro / Alto Paranaíba. Para llevar a cabo la investigación, los siguientes pasos metodológicos fueron esenciales: a) encuesta bibliográfica, lecturas de material académico ya publicado sobre el tema (tesis y disertaciones, libros, publicaciones periódicas, entre otros) a través de una encuesta bibliográfica temática (específica sobre el sector de energía azucarera y cultivo de caña de azúcar); b) investigación de campo que consistió en encuestar, examinar y organizar datos secundarios sobre la producción y la situación económica y financiera de las empresas, así como bases de datos del Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística (IBGE). décadas como una de las fronteras modernas de la expansión agrícola y la agroexportadora de productos vinculados a la agroindustria, especialmente en el período posterior a la década de 2000, bajo el paradigma de la agricultura científica globalizada. Un conjunto de circunstancias favorables, tanto técnicas como político-económicas, provocaron una nueva organización del sector, basada en la internacionalización del mercado y la difusión de innovaciones científicas y tecnológicas, confirmando el carácter más corporativo del territorio y la búsqueda de nuevas áreas estratégicas. Concluimos que, en base a la organización de los datos y la información recopilada, el Triângulo Mineiro / Alto Paranaíba se ha convertido en una importante región productiva de agronegocios en las últimas décadas, impactando las relaciones y el mercado laboral, los flujos migratorios, los municipios donde se implementó la actividad. , la articulación de la región con las redes mundiales de producción, así como los problemas ambientales derivados de la producción a gran escala. Palabras-clave: Modernização da agricultura. Agronegócio. Commodities. Globalização. Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil M Coe ◽  
Henry Wai-chung Yeung

Abstract In this framing paper for the special issue, we map significant research on global production networks during the past decade in economic geography and adjacent fields. In line with the core aim of the special issue to push for new conceptual advances, the paper focuses on the central elements of GPN theory to showcase recent rethinking related to the delimiting of global production networks, underlying political-economic drivers, actor-specific strategies and regional/national development outcomes. We suggest that the analytical purchase of this recent work is greater in research that has continued to keep a tight focus on the causal links between the organizational configurations of global production networks and uneven development. Concomitantly, considerable effort in the literature has gone into expanding the remit of GPN research in different directions, and we thus engage with five domains or ‘constituent outsides’ that relate to the state, finance, labour, environment and development. We believe such cross-domain fertilisation can help realize GPN 2.0’s potential for explaining uneven development in an interconnected world economy.


Author(s):  
B. Verhaelen ◽  
F. Mayer ◽  
S. Peukert ◽  
G. Lanza

AbstractThe trend of globalization has led to a structural change in the sales and procurement markets of manufacturing companies in recent decades. In order not to be left behind by this change, companies have internationalized their production structures. Global production networks with diverse supply and service interdependencies are the result. However, the management of global production networks is highly complex. Key performance indicator (KPI) networks already exist at the corporate level and site level to support the management of complex systems. However, such KPI networks are not yet available to support the management of entire production networks. In this article, a KPI network for global production networks is presented, which links the key figures of the site level and the corporate level. By integrating both levels into a comprehensive KPI network, cause and effect relationship between the production-related KPIs and the strategic KPIs of a corporate strategy become transparent. To this end, this KPI network is integrated into a Performance Measurement and Management (PMM) methodology. This methodology consists of three phases: performance planning, performance improvement, and performance review. For testing the practical suitability, the PMM methodology is applied to the production network of an automotive supplier using a simulation model to estimate the effects of proposed improvement actions of the methodology.


2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moekti P. Soejachmoen

International trade in automotive and auto parts has grown rapidly during the last two decades but Southeast Asia's largest economy, Indonesia, is lagging behind in its export performance. This paper uses a comparative perspective in examining Indonesia's role in automotive production networks in the context of the contemporary debate on opportunities for reaping gains from economic globalization through engagement in global production sharing. This research aims to answer two questions; the first addresses the determinants of a country's participation in the global production network, the second asks why Indonesia is being left behind in global production networks. Our analysis is based on the Jones and Kierzkowski fragmentation theory. The unbalanced panel trade data for 98 countries for the period 1988–2007 are estimated using the least square dummy variable method. The results show that in Asian countries, foreign direct investment openness is the most important determinant followed by trade cost, trade openness, competitiveness, and labor quality. Indonesia is being left behind for a number of reasons, such as restrictive foreign investment policies, higher trade costs and remaining high protection in the automotive sector in terms of tariff and non-tariff measure, and a low education level that hampers the absorption capacity in technology.


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