The Politico-Economic Dynamics of China’s Growth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yikai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Market Frictions ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Considerations ◽  
China’S Growth

Abstract China’s rapid growth has been driven by policy reforms that significantly reduce market frictions. Policy reforms are determined by the government according to its own politico-economic considerations. This paper embeds these politico-economic considerations in a macro model of China to endogenously study government policies, market frictions, and economic growth. In the model, an elite runs the government and maximizes its own incomes, facing a political constraint: getting enough supporters. The government provides high enough incomes to state workers in order to gain their support. It also controls capital allocations in the state and the private sector to balance between keeping enough supporters and extracting more taxes from the private sector. These policies initially generate rapid growth accompanied by declining labor and capital market frictions but in the long run, keep the frictions persistent, which are harmful to growth. The calibrated model can quantitatively account for salient aspects of China’s recent development and provide predictions for future dynamics.

scholarly journals Education level, public policy and private sector HR practices determine female job participation rate: a case of Pakistan's telecom sector

2013 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
Muniba Sana
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Telecommunication Sector ◽  
Hr Practices ◽  
The Government ◽  
Job Participation

This study uses a randomly selected sample of 100 female employees of telecommunication sector of Rawalpindi-lslamabad area and tries to analyze whether government policies and private sector human resource practices exist to promote favorable environment for female job participation. The study's results indicate that female employment-participation rate estimates at 32.28 percent, suggesting that a little less than one-third of females get employment in research area understudy. The respondents' perception on government pol¬ icy and private sector organizational HR practices regarding female job participation are found positive; however,females still feel the necessity of making their jobs more secured and their work worthwhile. Econometrically estimated relation ship suggests that female educational levels determine the female job participation at the first place, and government policy helps determine the private sector organizational HR practices and policies, which further affect and encourage the female job participation. The results suggest that,for a more effective private sector female participation, the government policies need to be further strengthened and made substantiated. For future research, this study provides a base-model which may be replicated to evaluate public and private sector roles in determining female job participation of other economic sectors of Pakistan's economy.

scholarly journals Industri Perunggasan: Memadukan Pertumbuhan dan Pemerataan

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
NFN Saptana ◽  
Rosmijati Sayuti ◽  
Khairina M. Noekman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Accelerate Growth ◽  
The Government

<p><strong>English<br /></strong>Regarding sustainable economic development, the government have to consider three main roles, i.e. : to accelerate growth through efficiency improvement, to generate equity and justice, and to maintain stability as well as macro-economic growth. The economic system being exclusively bias to one of the said economic dimensions will not sustainable in the long-run. The assessment which accommodate complementary growth and equity on poultry industry is important, due to structural problems on the respective industry, in addition to marginalization of smallholder poultry farmers. Government policies being bias toward economic growth in the condition of economic crisis have substantial negative impact on national poultry industry.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian<br /></strong>Dalam konteks pembangunan ekonomi berkelanjutan pemerintah mempunyai tiga fungsi sentral yaitu meningkatkan efisiensi guna mempercepat pertumbuhan, menciptakan pemerataan dan keadilan, memacu pertumbumhan ekonomi secara makro dan menjaga stabilitasnya. Suatu sistem perekonomian yang bias ke salah satu tujuan akan menghasilkan kinerja pembangunan ekonomi yang rapuh. Dalam kontek ini, kajian yang memadukan antara pertumbuhan dan pemerataan pada industri perunggasan di pandang sangat relevan, karena pada bidang usaha ini telah terjadi ketimpangan struktur pasar input, pasar hasil (output), integrasi vertikal dan horisontal, dan tersisihnya peternakan rakyat. Kebijakan pemerintah yang bias ke pemacuan pertumbuhan ekonomi adanya dampak krisis ekonomi berkepanjangan telah berdampak buruk pada kinerja industri perunggasan</p>

ASPEK YURIDIS PASAR MODAL SEBAGAI SARANA PEMBIAYAAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PERUSAHAAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Suradiyanto Suradiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Investment Fund ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Good Investment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Public Offering ◽  
The Capital Market

Parties that require investment fund is not limited to the government alone, but also other productive sectors of the private sector. If the government usually acts as an initiative taker physical infrastructure development, the private sector (individuals and companies) to act as a driver of economic activity such as attempts commercial production of goods and services calculated based on pure business will be profitable. All this requires a good investment fund short-term nature, such as working capital for the cost of operational needs, as well as long-term funds such as for procurement of fixed assets required. In order to meet the needs of the company will fund as a means of financing and development can be done through various options of financing the company and one of the company's financing alternatives can be done by finding others to participate invest in the company. This can be done by selling the majority ownership of the company to the general public by way of public offering (go public) through the capital market. Initial public offerings made by the company through the capital market can make the company receives cash from the public which can then be used by the company for financing and development of the company

Somalia faces long road to economic reconstruction

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

Significance Despite the government’s genuine efforts to implement policy reforms, low to non-existent institutional capacity will continue to impede the emergence of a more formalised economic system. Immediate challenges include increasing government revenue and rebuilding the financial sector to support public services and private sector expansion. However, the government will face stiff opposition from the small but powerful unregulated business sector, who want to maintain tax-free operations. Impacts Built-up salary arrears from successive over-optimistic budgets may jeopardise the hard-won security gains needed to reap peace dividends. Agreements by airlines and telecoms to pay taxes could weaken the position of other hitherto uncooperative sectors. Somalia’s last place in the World Bank’s doing business rankings obscures the potential of the vibrant private sector.

scholarly journals ANALISIS REAKSI PASAR MODAL ATAS PERISTIWA KEBIJAKAN AMNESTI PAJAK 2016 (Studi Efisiensi Pasar Modal Indonesia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Taufika Nur Widyasari ◽  
Ifada Faila Suffa ◽  
Naili Amalia ◽  
Aflit N Praswati
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Efficient Markets ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Tax Amnesty ◽  
The Government

Capital market is a financial instrument that trades securities in the form of bonds and long-term equity issued by the government or private companies that will be bought by investors through the brokers. Capital markets can be affected by changes and developments in economic, political and social variables that will impact on the economic stability of a country. In addition, economic stability in a country can be influenced by government policies, one of which is a tax amnesty program that has been enacted since 2016 by legalizing Law no. 11 Year 2016 on Forgiveness of Taxes. This policy can bring reaction to all companies that listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). If an accurate quick reaction occurs to achieve a new equilibrium price that fully reflects the information available, then this market conditions are called efficient markets. This research will discuss about the analysis of capital market’s reaction that happened after the government policy about tax amnesty 2016 in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI).

Crowding Out of Private Sector in Tanzania: Government Expenditure, Domestic Borrowing, and Lending Rates

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enock Mwakalila
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Private Sector Development ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Lending Rates ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This study empirically analyzes the impact of government expenditure and domestic borrowing on credit to the private sector in Tanzania by increasing lending rates. Quarterly time series data are collected from 2004 to 2018. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model estimation with a bound cointegration test is used to establish the short- and long-run relationships, and the results are subjected to diagnostic tests for robustness. The result shows that government expenditure and domestic borrowing crowd out credit to the private sector by increasing the lending rate in the long run. This calls for the Tanzanian government to reduce some of its deficit spending and domestic borrowing, and instead look for another way to increase the tax revenue using loans from external sources to fund its budget deficit. Also, the study recommends that the government should put more effort on improving private sector development by making the country an easy place to do business, which in turn will increase the tax base through corporate tax and income tax from business employees.

scholarly journals Effects of Capital Market Development on the Economic Growth of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-46
Author(s):  
Udo Ginikachi Cynthia ◽  
Nwezeaku Nathaniel Chinedum ◽  
Kanu Success Ikechi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Stock Market Development ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government

This study examines the effect of capital market development on the economic growth of Nigeria using data on Real Gross Domestic Product as a proxy for economic growth while capital market variables constitute the independent variables. This includes Market Capitalization, All Share Index, Number of Listed Securities and the number of listed companies The study adopted an expost-facto research design which utilized secondary data for the period 1983 -2016. While an Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test was used for preliminary analysis; an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) was used for the model estimation. .A combination of ARDL bounds test for co-integration, ARDL short and long run error correction models were used for estimation. All the tests helped to confirm the integrity of our models. Findings of the study indicate that, the Number of listed Securities and All Share Index maintained a significant relationship with economic growth in Nigeria both in the short and long runs. Based on the findings of study it was recommended that government should help to remove all impediments to stock market development in the form of tax, legal and regulatory barriers as they act as disincentives to investments in the capital market. Again, government should help to maintain policy consistency in the pursuit of growth in the Nigerian capital market. By so doing, counter developmental policies should not be allowed to crowd out the gains of capital market development and by extension on economic growth in the long run. Lastly the government should find ways and means of boosting the confidence of investors to retain their portfolio investments.

scholarly journals Long-run Performance of Public vs. Private Sector Initial Public Offerings in Pakistan

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (4II) ◽  
pp. 421-433
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faisal Rizwan ◽  
Safi-Ullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Public Offerings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Case Basis

The private sector had its major share in the economic development of the country in the early years of its independence in the 1950s. However, the private sector suffered a set back in the early 1970s, when a huge process of nationalisation of a large number of private industrial units was undertaken by the then government. Over the decades these enterprises were not professionally managed and the political influences in the management and running of these enterprises played havoc with them and consequently the experiment proved to be a failure. Attending to the weaknesses and inefficiencies inherent in the public sector enterprises, privatisation was systematically initiated by the then government in the early 1990s. Various privatisation commissions were set up in subsequent years and the privatisation process got some momentum during the present government and many large and profitable firms were privatised in the last few years, particularly at a time when the overall climate in the country was responsive and conducive for investment. The government, however, privatised many enterprises through public offerings on individual-case basis.

scholarly journals ASPEK YURIDIS PASAR MODAL SEBAGAI SARANA PEMBIAYAAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PERUSAHAAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Suradiyanto Suradiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Investment Fund ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Good Investment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Public Offering ◽  
The Capital Market

Parties that require investment fund is not limited to the government alone, but also other productive sectors of the private sector. If the government usually acts as an initiative taker physical infrastructure development, the private sector (individuals and companies) to act as a driver of economic activity such as attempts commercial production of goods and services calculated based on pure business will be profitable. All this requires a good investment fund short-term nature, such as working capital for the cost of operational needs, as well as long-term funds such as for procurement of fixed assets required. In order to meet the needs of the company will fund as a means of financing and development can be done through various options of financing the company and one of the company's financing alternatives can be done by finding others to participate invest in the company. This can be done by selling the majority ownership of the company to the general public by way of public offering (go public) through the capital market. Initial public offerings made by the company through the capital market can make the company receives cash from the public which can then be used by the company for financing and development of the company

scholarly journals A Quantitative Assessment of the Role of the Private Sector in Economic Diversification in UAE

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Radwa Radwan Said
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Domestic Credit ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has often been addressed as a success case in the GCC region due to its implemented policies that spurred growth and development with a market-friendly approach. This study aims to investigate the relationship between economic diversification and private sector development. For this, we employed an ARDL con-integration method to check the long run as well as short run relationship between variables. We found that the domestic credit to private sector has a positive relationship with diversification index. Also, domestic credit to private sector (DCPS) percentage of GDP has both short and long run relationship with economic diversification index. The results indicate that the domestic credit to private sector will promote the economic diversification in both the short and long runs. Moreover, the government infrastructure will also promote economic diversification in the long run but not in the short run. The trade openness has a negative impact on economic diversification in the long run, but it has a positive impact in the short run.

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